Infección simultánea de ninfas de Ixodes ricinus por dos especies de Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Lato: posibles implicaciones de las manifestaciones de clínicas

Los datos de estudios Europeos indican que en humanos, genoespecies particulares de Borrelia burgdorferi pueden asociarse con las manifestaciones clínicas específicas de la enfermedad de Lyme. Las infecciones por B. burgdorferi sensu stricto tienden a conducir a síntomas artríticos, mientras que las infecciones por B. garinii parecen ocasionar complicaciones neurológicas. Las manifestaciones cutáneas tardías (acrodermatitis) parecen estar asociadas con B. afzelii (1). Las manifestaciones clínicas mixtas han sido también descritas (2). Recientemente se ha demostrado, mediante el uso de la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR), que el DNA de más de una de las tres especies de Borrelia asociadas con la enfermedad de Lyme en Europa estaban presentes en los fluidos biológicos de los pacientes de enfermedad Lyme (3). Estos datos generan la pregunta en lo que concierne al crecimiento relativo de especies de Borrelia después de una mordedura por una garrapata dualmente infectada, la importancia clínica de la infección humana ocasionada por más de una de las especies de Borrelia, y el origen de estas infecciones múltiples. Este último punto evoca la siguiente pregunta: ¿Estas infecciones resultan de las mordeduras consecutivas por dos garrapatas infectadas o desde una única mordedura por una garrapata infectada por más de una especie?Facultad de Ciencias Veterinaria

Infección simultánea de ninfas de Ixodes ricinus por dos especies de Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Lato: posibles implicaciones de las manifestaciones de clínicas

Los datos de estudios Europeos indican que en humanos, genoespecies particulares de Borrelia burgdorferi pueden asociarse con las manifestaciones clínicas específicas de la enfermedad de Lyme. Las infecciones por B. burgdorferi sensu stricto tienden a conducir a síntomas artríticos, mientras que las infecciones por B. garinii parecen ocasionar complicaciones neurológicas. Las manifestaciones cutáneas tardías (acrodermatitis) parecen estar asociadas con B. afzelii (1). Las manifestaciones clínicas mixtas han sido también descritas (2). Recientemente se ha demostrado, mediante el uso de la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR), que el DNA de más de una de las tres especies de Borrelia asociadas con la enfermedad de Lyme en Europa estaban presentes en los fluidos biológicos de los pacientes de enfermedad Lyme (3). Estos datos generan la pregunta en lo que concierne al crecimiento relativo de especies de Borrelia después de una mordedura por una garrapata dualmente infectada, la importancia clínica de la infección humana ocasionada por más de una de las especies de Borrelia, y el origen de estas infecciones múltiples. Este último punto evoca la siguiente pregunta: ¿Estas infecciones resultan de las mordeduras consecutivas por dos garrapatas infectadas o desde una única mordedura por una garrapata infectada por más de una especie?Facultad de Ciencias Veterinaria

Infección simultánea de ninfas de Ixodes ricinus por dos especies de Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Lato: posibles implicaciones de las manifestaciones de clínicas

Los datos de estudios Europeos indican que en humanos, genoespecies particulares de Borrelia burgdorferi pueden asociarse con las manifestaciones clínicas específicas de la enfermedad de Lyme. Las infecciones por B. burgdorferi sensu stricto tienden a conducir a síntomas artríticos, mientras que las infecciones por B. garinii parecen ocasionar complicaciones neurológicas. Las manifestaciones cutáneas tardías (acrodermatitis) parecen estar asociadas con B. afzelii (1). Las manifestaciones clínicas mixtas han sido también descritas (2). Recientemente se ha demostrado, mediante el uso de la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR), que el DNA de más de una de las tres especies de Borrelia asociadas con la enfermedad de Lyme en Europa estaban presentes en los fluidos biológicos de los pacientes de enfermedad Lyme (3). Estos datos generan la pregunta en lo que concierne al crecimiento relativo de especies de Borrelia después de una mordedura por una garrapata dualmente infectada, la importancia clínica de la infección humana ocasionada por más de una de las especies de Borrelia, y el origen de estas infecciones múltiples. Este último punto evoca la siguiente pregunta: ¿Estas infecciones resultan de las mordeduras consecutivas por dos garrapatas infectadas o desde una única mordedura por una garrapata infectada por más de una especie?Facultad de Ciencias Veterinaria

Circulating adrenomedullin estimates survival and reversibility of organ failure in sepsis: the prospective observational multinational Adrenomedullin and Outcome in Sepsis and Septic Shock-1 (AdrenOSS-1) study

Background: Adrenomedullin (ADM) regulates vascular tone and endothelial permeability during sepsis. Levels of circulating biologically active ADM (bio-ADM) show an inverse relationship with blood pressure and a direct relationship with vasopressor requirement. In the present prospective observational multinational Adrenomedullin and Outcome in Sepsis and Septic Shock 1 (, AdrenOSS-1) study, we assessed relationships between circulating bio-ADM during the initial intensive care unit (ICU) stay and short-term outcome in order to eventually design a biomarker-guided randomized controlled trial. Methods: AdrenOSS-1 was a prospective observational multinational study. The primary outcome was 28-day mortality. Secondary outcomes included organ failure as defined by Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score, organ support with focus on vasopressor/inotropic use, and need for renal replacement therapy. AdrenOSS-1 included 583 patients admitted to the ICU with sepsis or septic shock. Results: Circulating bio-ADM levels were measured upon admission and at day 2. Median bio-ADM concentration upon admission was 80.5 pg/ml [IQR 41.5-148.1 pg/ml]. Initial SOFA score was 7 [IQR 5-10], and 28-day mortality was 22%. We found marked associations between bio-ADM upon admission and 28-day mortality (unadjusted standardized HR 2.3 [CI 1.9-2.9]; adjusted HR 1.6 [CI 1.1-2.5]) and between bio-ADM levels and SOFA score (p < 0.0001). Need of vasopressor/inotrope, renal replacement therapy, and positive fluid balance were more prevalent in patients with a bio-ADM > 70 pg/ml upon admission than in those with bio-ADM ≤ 70 pg/ml. In patients with bio-ADM > 70 pg/ml upon admission, decrease in bio-ADM below 70 pg/ml at day 2 was associated with recovery of organ function at day 7 and better 28-day outcome (9.5% mortality). By contrast, persistently elevated bio-ADM at day 2 was associated with prolonged organ dysfunction and high 28-day mortality (38.1% mortality, HR 4.9, 95% CI 2.5-9.8). Conclusions: AdrenOSS-1 shows that early levels and rapid changes in bio-ADM estimate short-term outcome in sepsis and septic shock. These data are the backbone of the design of the biomarker-guided AdrenOSS-2 trial. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02393781. Registered on March 19, 2015

The fingerprint of the summer 2018 drought in Europe on ground-based atmospheric CO2 measurements

During the summer of 2018, a widespread drought developed over Northern and Central Europe. The increase in temperature and the reduction of soil moisture have influenced carbon dioxide (CO2) exchange between the atmosphere and terrestrial ecosystems in various ways, such as a reduction of photosynthesis, changes in ecosystem respiration, or allowing more frequent fires. In this study, we characterize the resulting perturbation of the atmospheric CO2 seasonal cycles. 2018 has a good coverage of European regions affected by drought, allowing the investigation of how ecosystem flux anomalies impacted spatial CO2 gradients between stations. This density of stations is unprecedented compared to previous drought events in 2003 and 2015, particularly thanks to the deployment of the Integrated Carbon Observation System (ICOS) network of atmospheric greenhouse gas monitoring stations in recent years. Seasonal CO2 cycles from 48 European stations were available for 2017 and 2018.The UK sites were funded by the UK Department of Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (formerly the Department of Energy and Climate Change) through contracts TRN1028/06/2015 and TRN1537/06/2018. The stations at the ClimaDat Network in Spain have received funding from the ‘la Caixa’ Foundation, under agreement 2010-002624

Cartography of Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus Transcripts: Detection, Orientation and Temporal Expression during Growth Phase and Stress Conditions

BACKGROUND: Staphylococcus aureus is a versatile bacterial opportunist responsible for a wide spectrum of infections. The severity of these infections is highly variable and depends on multiple parameters including the genome content of the bacterium as well as the condition of the infected host. Clinically and epidemiologically, S. aureus shows a particular capacity to survive and adapt to drastic environmental changes including the presence of numerous antimicrobial agents. Mechanisms triggering this adaptation remain largely unknown despite important research efforts. Most studies evaluating gene content have so far neglected to analyze the so-called intergenic regions as well as potential antisense RNA molecules. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Using high-throughput sequencing technology, we performed an inventory of the whole transcriptome of S. aureus strain N315. In addition to the annotated transcription units, we identified more than 195 small transcribed regions, in the chromosome and the plasmid of S. aureus strain N315. The coding strand of each transcript was identified and structural analysis enabled classification of all discovered transcripts. RNA purified at four time-points during the growth phase of the bacterium allowed us to define the temporal expression of such transcripts. A selection of 26 transcripts of interest dispersed along the intergenic regions was assessed for expression changes in the presence of various stress conditions including pH, temperature, oxidative shocks and growth in a stringent medium. Most of these transcripts showed expression patterns specific for the defined stress conditions that we tested. CONCLUSIONS: These RNA molecules potentially represent important effectors of S. aureus adaptation and more generally could support some of the epidemiological characteristics of the bacterium

Variation in general supportive and preventive intensive care management of traumatic brain injury: a survey in 66 neurotrauma centers participating in the Collaborative European NeuroTrauma Effectiveness Research in Traumatic Brain Injury (CENTER-TBI) study

Abstract Background General supportive and preventive measures in the intensive care management of traumatic brain injury (TBI) aim to prevent or limit secondary brain injury and optimize recovery. The aim of this survey was to assess and quantify variation in perceptions on intensive care unit (ICU) management of patients with TBI in European neurotrauma centers. Methods We performed a survey as part of the Collaborative European NeuroTrauma Effectiveness Research in Traumatic Brain Injury (CENTER-TBI) study. We analyzed 23 questions focused on: 1) circulatory and respiratory management; 2) fever control; 3) use of corticosteroids; 4) nutrition and glucose management; and 5) seizure prophylaxis and treatment. Results The survey was completed predominantly by intensivists (n = 33, 50%) and neurosurgeons (n = 23, 35%) from 66 centers (97% response rate). The most common cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) target was > 60 mmHg (n = 39, 60%) and/or an individualized target (n = 25, 38%). To support CPP, crystalloid fluid loading (n = 60, 91%) was generally preferred over albumin (n = 15, 23%), and vasopressors (n = 63, 96%) over inotropes (n = 29, 44%). The most commonly reported target of partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood (PaCO2) was 36–40 mmHg (4.8–5.3 kPa) in case of controlled intracranial pressure (ICP) < 20 mmHg (n = 45, 69%) and PaCO2 target of 30–35 mmHg (4–4.7 kPa) in case of raised ICP (n = 40, 62%). Almost all respondents indicated to generally treat fever (n = 65, 98%) with paracetamol (n = 61, 92%) and/or external cooling (n = 49, 74%). Conventional glucose management (n = 43, 66%) was preferred over tight glycemic control (n = 18, 28%). More than half of the respondents indicated to aim for full caloric replacement within 7 days (n = 43, 66%) using enteral nutrition (n = 60, 92%). Indications for and duration of seizure prophylaxis varied, and levetiracetam was mostly reported as the agent of choice for both seizure prophylaxis (n = 32, 49%) and treatment (n = 40, 61%). Conclusions Practice preferences vary substantially regarding general supportive and preventive measures in TBI patients at ICUs of European neurotrauma centers. These results provide an opportunity for future comparative effectiveness research, since a more evidence-based uniformity in good practices in general ICU management could have a major impact on TBI outcome

Stratégies d’artification dans le domaine du luxe Le cas des vins de prestige

Cet article étudie certaines pratiques d’artification, c’est-à-dire de transformation du « non art » en « art » appliquées au secteur du luxe et plus particulièrement aux produits de luxe issus du terroir : les vins de prestige. Après avoir exposé la tendance actuelle des grandes « maisons » de luxe à se rapprocher du monde de l’art et de la culture, nous interrogeons cette tendance au regard du concept d’artification développé par Shapiro (2004). L’analyse confirme que le secteur du luxe suit aujourd’hui une artification partielle qui facilite la perception des produits de luxe comme des produits uniques, proches des oeuvres d’art. Le cas particulier des vins de luxe est ensuite étudié à dessein de comprendre les modalités spécifiques des pratiques d’artification dans un domaine où les produits sont issus de la terre et donc de la Nature beaucoup plus que de la Culture. Une analyse des communications effectuée au travers du carré sémiotique met au jour les stratégies sous-jacentes à cet objectif d’artification des vins de luxe. Nous analysons les risques et avantages de telles stratégies ainsi que les conditions d’efficience de nouveaux codes communicationnels fondés sur la « signature ».This research is about the artification process in the luxury sector and more specifically for natural but luxury products from the terroir (luxury wines). The artification is the process by which a common object or a practice becomes a “work of art” and is entered into the “world of art” (Shapiro, 2004). Based on a literature review we analyse, in this article, to what extent the current collaboration between the luxury sector and the art world is relevant to artification. Our analysis confirms that the luxury sector is today partially “artified”, meaning that products are perceived as works of art and producers as artists. We then move to natural but luxury products and analyze how the artification could be adopted to this specific case, i.e. for products emerging from “nature”. Based on a comparative analyze of advertising in this sector, we highlight how to artify luxury products emerging from “nature”, for the specific case of luxury wines. The role of the “signature” strategy is highlighted, its benefits and limits are exposed and discussed