Deporte en familia como prevención de problemas de conducta desde edades tempranas

In recent years, behavioral problems in early childhood have increased, conditioning the probability that problematic situations appear that compromises the personal and social adjustment of children, crystallizing in criminal behavior or harassment. In order to respond to this problem, recent studies provides scientific evidence about different interventions highlighting the influence of parenting styles in the infantile stage and the role of the sport in the promotion of prosocial conducts and self-control. Therefore, the objective of this article is, on the one hand, to know the relationship between the parenting styles, assessed form a child perspective, and preschoolers behavior problems and, on the other hand, to reflect on the benefits of family sport practice from a democratic, comprehensive and constructive perspective in preventing behavior problems in the preschool stage. The study involved 141 students (81 girls and 63 boys) aged 4 and 5 years old from Granada. Parenting styles are evaluated through PEF-H scale from Alonso y Román (2003), and behavioural problems through three BASC scales from Reynolds y Kamphaus (1992), adapted to spanish by González, Fernández, Pérez, y Santamaría (2004). The results show that the democratic style correlates significantly and negatively with attention problems. However, no significant relationship has been found between permissive style and behavioral problems. As for the authoritarian style, there is a positive and significant relationship with behavior problems. In conclusion, family democratic style is a protective factor for optimal development from an early age, being family sport practice a positive aspect to promote prosocial, respectful, entrepreneurial, self-control and critical conducts, as prevention of behavioral problems.En los últimos años los problemas de conducta en edad infantil han aumentado, condicionando la probabilidad de que aparezcan situaciones problemáticas que comprometan el ajuste personal y social de los menores, cristalizando en conductas delictivas o acoso. Para responder a esta problemática, investigaciones recientes aportan evidencias científicas acerca de diferentes intervenciones resaltando la influencia de los estilos educativos parentales en la etapa infantil y del papel del deporte en el fomento de conductas prosociales y de autocontrol. Por ello, el objetivo de la presente investigación es, por un lado, conocer la relación existente entre los estilos educativos parentales, evaluados desde la perspectiva infantil, y los problemas de conducta en niños de preescolar y, por otro, reflexionar sobre los beneficios de la práctica de deporte en familia desde una perspectiva democrática, comprensiva y constructiva en la prevención de problemas de conducta en la etapa preescolar. En el estudio participan 141 alumnos/as (81 niñas y 63 niños) de 4 y 5 años de Granada. Los estilos educativos se evalúan a través de la escala PEF-H de Alonso y Román (2003), y los problemas de conducta mediante tres escalas del BASC de Reynolds y Kamphaus (1992), adaptada al español por González, Fernández, Pérez, y Santamaría (2004). Los resultados obtenidos muestran que el estilo democrático correlaciona significativa y negativamente con los problemas de atención. Sin embargo, no se ha encontrado relación significativa entre el estilo permisivo y los problemas de conducta. En cuanto al estilo autoritario, se encuentra una relación positiva significativa con los problemas de atención. En conclusión, el estilo democrático familiar se presenta como factor de protección para el desarrollo óptimo desde edades tempranas, siendo la práctica del deporte en familia un aspecto positivo para fomentar conductas prosociales, respetuosas, emprendedoras, de autocontrol y críticas, como prevención de problemas de conducta

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Efecto del programa aprender a convivir en la mejora de la competencia social en alumnado de educación primaria

La competencia social es uno de los factores de protección frente a los problemas de conducta. Es por ello que existen números programas que entrenan esta competencia. Este trabajo presenta los resultados del programa de prevención universal “Aprender a Convivir” basado en el entrenamiento de la competencia social con el alumnado del primer ciclo de Ed. Primaria. El objetivo, por tanto, es desarrollar la competencia social de los niños para evitar futuras conductas antisociales y las consecuencias negativas que éstas conllevan. La investigación se enmarca dentro de un diseño longitudinal de grupo único. Los sujetos del grupo experimental (N=67) recibieron la formación del programa durante dos años consecutivos. El instrumento utilizado para la recogida de datos fue la “School Social Behavior Scale” (SSBS) (Merrell, 2003). El análisis de datos, realizado mediante los paquetes estadísticos SPSS 17, muestra mejoras significativas en las variables de la competencia social así como en las puntuaciones relativas a la competencia social en su conjunto.Social competence is one of the protective factors against behavior problems. Due to this, there are many programs those coach in this competence. This paper presents the results of universal prevention training social competence program “Aprender a Convivir” with students in their first and second grades of Primary Education. The objective therefore is to develop social competence in children to prevent future antisocial behavior and the negative consequences they entail. The research is framed within a single group longitudinal design. Subjects in the experimental group (N = 67) received training program for two consecutive years. The instrument used for data collection was the School Social Behavior Scale (SSBS) (Merrell, 2003). Data analysis, performed using the statistical packages SPSS 17 shows significant improvements in social competence variables as well as scores on total social competence

Local imipenem activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa decreases in vivo in the presence of siliconized latex

Zinc eluted from siliconized latex (SL) increases resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to imipenem in vitro. A foreign body peritonitis model was used to evaluate the activity of imipenem using SL or silicone (S) implants. No differences were observed in mortality, positive blood cultures and tissue bacterial counts between SL and S implants. Implant-associated counts, however, were significantly higher in the SL group. It is concluded that SL decreases the activity of imipenem against P. aeruginosa.This work was supported by the Dirección General de Investigación del Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología, Spain (project SAF2003-01241) and by Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, co-financed by European Development Regional Fund “A way to achieve Europe” ERDF, Spanish Network for the Research in Infectious Diseases (REIPI RD06/0008). There are no conflicts of interest regarding this work.Peer Reviewe

Diminishing benefits of urban living for children and adolescents’ growth and development

Optimal growth and development in childhood and adolescence is crucial for lifelong health and well-being1–6. Here we used data from 2,325 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight from 71 million participants, to report the height and body-mass index (BMI) of children and adolescents aged 5–19 years on the basis of rural and urban place of residence in 200 countries and territories from 1990 to 2020. In 1990, children and adolescents residing in cities were taller than their rural counterparts in all but a few high-income countries. By 2020, the urban height advantage became smaller in most countries, and in many high-income western countries it reversed into a small urban-based disadvantage. The exception was for boys in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and in some countries in Oceania, south Asia and the region of central Asia, Middle East and north Africa. In these countries, successive cohorts of boys from rural places either did not gain height or possibly became shorter, and hence fell further behind their urban peers. The difference between the age-standardized mean BMI of children in urban and rural areas was <1.1 kg m–2 in the vast majority of countries. Within this small range, BMI increased slightly more in cities than in rural areas, except in south Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and some countries in central and eastern Europe. Our results show that in much of the world, the growth and developmental advantages of living in cities have diminished in the twenty-first century, whereas in much of sub-Saharan Africa they have amplified

Impact of cross-section uncertainties on supernova neutrino spectral parameter fitting in the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment

International audienceA primary goal of the upcoming Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) is to measure the O(10)  MeV neutrinos produced by a Galactic core-collapse supernova if one should occur during the lifetime of the experiment. The liquid-argon-based detectors planned for DUNE are expected to be uniquely sensitive to the νe component of the supernova flux, enabling a wide variety of physics and astrophysics measurements. A key requirement for a correct interpretation of these measurements is a good understanding of the energy-dependent total cross section σ(Eν) for charged-current νe absorption on argon. In the context of a simulated extraction of supernova νe spectral parameters from a toy analysis, we investigate the impact of σ(Eν) modeling uncertainties on DUNE’s supernova neutrino physics sensitivity for the first time. We find that the currently large theoretical uncertainties on σ(Eν) must be substantially reduced before the νe flux parameters can be extracted reliably; in the absence of external constraints, a measurement of the integrated neutrino luminosity with less than 10% bias with DUNE requires σ(Eν) to be known to about 5%. The neutrino spectral shape parameters can be known to better than 10% for a 20% uncertainty on the cross-section scale, although they will be sensitive to uncertainties on the shape of σ(Eν). A direct measurement of low-energy νe-argon scattering would be invaluable for improving the theoretical precision to the needed level

The DUNE Far Detector Vertical Drift Technology, Technical Design Report

International audienceDUNE is an international experiment dedicated to addressing some of the questions at the forefront of particle physics and astrophysics, including the mystifying preponderance of matter over antimatter in the early universe. The dual-site experiment will employ an intense neutrino beam focused on a near and a far detector as it aims to determine the neutrino mass hierarchy and to make high-precision measurements of the PMNS matrix parameters, including the CP-violating phase. It will also stand ready to observe supernova neutrino bursts, and seeks to observe nucleon decay as a signature of a grand unified theory underlying the standard model. The DUNE far detector implements liquid argon time-projection chamber (LArTPC) technology, and combines the many tens-of-kiloton fiducial mass necessary for rare event searches with the sub-centimeter spatial resolution required to image those events with high precision. The addition of a photon detection system enhances physics capabilities for all DUNE physics drivers and opens prospects for further physics explorations. Given its size, the far detector will be implemented as a set of modules, with LArTPC designs that differ from one another as newer technologies arise. In the vertical drift LArTPC design, a horizontal cathode bisects the detector, creating two stacked drift volumes in which ionization charges drift towards anodes at either the top or bottom. The anodes are composed of perforated PCB layers with conductive strips, enabling reconstruction in 3D. Light-trap-style photon detection modules are placed both on the cryostat's side walls and on the central cathode where they are optically powered. This Technical Design Report describes in detail the technical implementations of each subsystem of this LArTPC that, together with the other far detector modules and the near detector, will enable DUNE to achieve its physics goals