47 research outputs found
Digitale Langzeitverfügbarkeit für Hochschulen in NRW
Die digitale Langzeitverfügbarkeit (LZV) wissenschaftlicher Inhalte stellt für Hochschulen eine enorme Herausforderung dar, ist gleichzeitig aber auch eine wichtige und spannende Zukunftsaufgabe. Der Vortrag zeigt, welche Möglichkeiten wir den NRW-Hochschulen mit der Landesinitiative Langzeitverfügbarkeit (https://lzv.nrw/), einem seit 2021 durch das MKW geförderten Projekt der DH.NRW, https://dh.nrw/ bieten, dieser neuen Herausforderung zu begegnen. Neben den LZV-Services in den Bereichen Publikationen und Forschungsdaten, unterstützt die Landesinitiative durch Beratung, Schulung und Vernetzung. Darüber hinaus stellen wir die LZV-Infrastruktur des Landes vor, geben einen einen Einblick in die verschiedenen Erhaltungsdimensionen und erläutern das Konzept der digitalen Langzeitverfügbarkeit
Global reorganization of the nuclear landscape in senescent cells.
Cellular senescence has been implicated in tumor suppression, development, and aging and is accompanied by large-scale chromatin rearrangements, forming senescence-associated heterochromatic foci (SAHF). However, how the chromatin is reorganized during SAHF formation is poorly understood. Furthermore, heterochromatin formation in senescence appears to contrast with loss of heterochromatin in Hutchinson-Gilford progeria. We mapped architectural changes in genome organization in cellular senescence using Hi-C. Unexpectedly, we find a dramatic sequence- and lamin-dependent loss of local interactions in heterochromatin. This change in local connectivity resolves the paradox of opposing chromatin changes in senescence and progeria. In addition, we observe a senescence-specific spatial clustering of heterochromatic regions, suggesting a unique second step required for SAHF formation. Comparison of embryonic stem cells (ESCs), somatic cells, and senescent cells shows a unidirectional loss in local chromatin connectivity, suggesting that senescence is an endpoint of the continuous nuclear remodelling process during differentiation
Transverse Polarisation of Quarks in Hadrons
We review the present state of knowledge regarding the transverse
polarisation (or transversity) distributions of quarks. After some generalities
on transverse polarisation, we formally define the transversity distributions
within the framework of a classification of all leading-twist distribution
functions. We describe the QCD evolution of transversity at leading and
next-to-leading order. A comprehensive treatment of non-perturbative
calculations of transversity distributions (within the framework of quark
models, lattice QCD and QCD sum rules) is presented. The phenomenology of
transversity (in particular, in Drell-Yan processes and semi-inclusive
leptoproduction) is discussed in some detail. Finally, the prospects for future
measurements are outlined.Comment: small changes, references added, as finally published in Physics
Report
Neurodevelopmental and psychosocial risk factors in serial killers and mass murderers
Multiple and serial murders are rare events that have a very profound societal impact. We have conducted a
systematic review, following PRISMA guidelines, of both the peer reviewed literature and of journalistic and
legal sources regarding mass and serial killings. Our findings tentatively indicate that these extreme forms of violence may be a result of a highly complex interaction of biological, psychological and sociological factors and
that, potentially, a significant proportion of mass or serial killers may have had neurodevelopmental disorders
such as autism spectrum disorder or head injury. Research into multiple and serial murders is in its infancy:
there is a lack of rigorous studies and most of the literature is anecdotal and speculative. Specific future study
of the potential role of neurodevelopmental disorders in multiple and serial murders is warranted and, due to
the rarity of these events, innovative research techniques may be required
Design and baseline characteristics of the finerenone in reducing cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in diabetic kidney disease trial
Background: Among people with diabetes, those with kidney disease have exceptionally high rates of cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality and progression of their underlying kidney disease. Finerenone is a novel, nonsteroidal, selective mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist that has shown to reduce albuminuria in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) while revealing only a low risk of hyperkalemia. However, the effect of finerenone on CV and renal outcomes has not yet been investigated in long-term trials.
Patients and Methods: The Finerenone in Reducing CV Mortality and Morbidity in Diabetic Kidney Disease (FIGARO-DKD) trial aims to assess the efficacy and safety of finerenone compared to placebo at reducing clinically important CV and renal outcomes in T2D patients with CKD. FIGARO-DKD is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, event-driven trial running in 47 countries with an expected duration of approximately 6 years. FIGARO-DKD randomized 7,437 patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate >= 25 mL/min/1.73 m(2) and albuminuria (urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio >= 30 to <= 5,000 mg/g). The study has at least 90% power to detect a 20% reduction in the risk of the primary outcome (overall two-sided significance level alpha = 0.05), the composite of time to first occurrence of CV death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or hospitalization for heart failure.
Conclusions: FIGARO-DKD will determine whether an optimally treated cohort of T2D patients with CKD at high risk of CV and renal events will experience cardiorenal benefits with the addition of finerenone to their treatment regimen.
Trial Registration: EudraCT number: 2015-000950-39; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02545049
Large-scale sequencing identifies multiple genes and rare variants associated with Crohn’s disease susceptibility
peer reviewe
Improving the quality of physician communication with rapid-throughput analysis and report cards
OBJECTIVE: Problems with clinician-patient communication negatively impact newborn screening, genetics, and all of healthcare. Training programs teach communication, but educational methods are not feasible for entire populations of clinicians. To address this healthcare quality gap, we developed a Communication Quality Assurance intervention.
METHODS: Child health providers volunteered for a randomized controlled trial of assessment and a report card. Participants provided telephone counseling to a standardized parent regarding a newborn screening result showing heterozygous status for cystic fibrosis or sickle cell disease. Our rapid-throughput timeline allows individualized feedback within a week. Two encounters were recorded (baseline and after a random sample received the report card) and abstracted for four groups of communication quality indicators.
RESULTS: 92 participants finished both counseling encounters within our rapid-throughput time limits. Participants randomized to receive the report card improved communication behaviors more than controls, including request for teach-back (p
CONCLUSION: The rapid-throughput report card is effective at improving specific communication behaviors.
PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Communication can be taught, but this project shows how healthcare organizations can assure communication quality everywhere. Further implementation could improve newborn screening, genetics, and healthcare in general