Criação de um sistema unificado de escolas superiores de arte na UE

Em tempos de mudança global e de desenvolvimento da economia criativa, o potencial intelectual e criativo do indivíduo é de grande importância. As consequências da pandemia da COVID-19 e da agressão militar em grande escala contra a Ucrânia levaram à transição do sistema educativo de um modelo de ensino tradicional para um modelo de ensino à distância. O conceito de educação artística envolve a integração das ciências físicas e matemáticas com a arte, o que permite o desenvolvimento de várias soluções alternativas para um problema. Uma pessoa com uma educação artística é capaz de analisar os problemas de forma abrangente, encontrar soluções e compreender as mudanças transformadoras no país. O sistema de ensino superior das artes forma uma pessoa criativa com pensamento crítico. As abordagens sócio-histórica, axiológica e inovadora, além de outras, são utilizadas para analisar a relação entre o ensino artístico e a digitalização, a tecnologização e a preservação de valores

Mercury isotope evidence for Arctic summertime re-emission of mercury from the cryosphere

During Arctic springtime, halogen radicals oxidize atmospheric elemental mercury (Hg-0), which deposits to the cryosphere. This is followed by a summertime atmospheric Hg-0 peak that is thought to result mostly from terrestrial Hg inputs to the Arctic Ocean, followed by photoreduction and emission to air. The large terrestrial Hg contribution to the Arctic Ocean and global atmosphere has raised concern over the potential release of permafrost Hg, via rivers and coastal erosion, with Arctic warming. Here we investigate Hg isotope variability of Arctic atmospheric, marine, and terrestrial Hg. We observe highly characteristic Hg isotope signatures during the summertime peak that reflect re-emission of Hg deposited to the cryosphere during spring. Air mass back trajectories support a cryospheric Hg emission source but no major terrestrial source. This implies that terrestrial Hg inputs to the Arctic Ocean remain in the marine ecosystem, without substantial loss to the global atmosphere, but with possible effects on food webs.Arctic warming thaws permafrost, leading to enhanced soil mercury transport to the Arctic Ocean. Mercury isotope signatures in arctic rivers, ocean and atmosphere suggest that permafrost mercury is buried in marine sediment and not emitted to the global atmospherePeer reviewe

Arctic – Atlantic exchange of the dissolved micronutrients Iron, Manganese, Cobalt, Nickel, Copper and Zinc with a focus on Fram Strait

The Arctic Ocean is considered a source of micronutrients to the Nordic Seas and the North Atlantic Ocean through the gateway of Fram Strait. However, there is a paucity of trace element data from across the Arctic Ocean gateways, and so it remains unclear how Arctic and North Atlantic exchange shapes micronutrient availability in the two ocean basins. In 2015 and 2016, GEOTRACES cruises sampled the Barents Sea Opening (GN04, 2015) and Fram Strait (GN05, 2016) for dissolved iron (dFe), manganese (dMn), cobalt (dCo), nickel (dNi), copper (dCu) and zinc (dZn). Together with the most recent synopsis of Arctic-Atlantic volume fluxes, the observed trace element distributions suggest that Fram Strait is the most important gateway for Arctic-Atlantic dissolved micronutrient exchange as a consequence of Intermediate and Deep Water transport. Combining fluxes from Fram Strait and the Barents Sea Opening with estimates for Davis Strait (GN02, 2015) suggests an annual net southward flux of 2.7 ± 2.4 Gg·a-1 dFe, 0.3 ± 0.3 Gg·a-1 dCo, 15.0 ± 12.5 Gg·a-1 dNi and 14.2 ± 6.9 Gg·a-1 dCu from the Arctic towards the North Atlantic Ocean. Arctic-Atlantic exchange of dMn and dZn were more balanced, with a net southbound flux of 2.8 ± 4.7 Gg·a-1 dMn and a net northbound flux of 3.0 ± 7.3 Gg·a-1 dZn. Our results suggest that ongoing changes to shelf inputs and sea ice dynamics in the Arctic, especially in Siberian shelf regions, affect micronutrient availability in Fram Strait and the high latitude North Atlantic Ocean

Global Ocean Sediment Composition and Burial Flux in the Deep Sea

Quantitative knowledge about the burial of sedimentary components at the seafloor has wide-ranging implications in ocean science, from global climate to continental weathering. The use of 230Th-normalized fluxes reduces uncertainties that many prior studies faced by accounting for the effects of sediment redistribution by bottom currents and minimizing the impact of age model uncertainty. Here we employ a recently compiled global data set of 230Th-normalized fluxes with an updated database of seafloor surface sediment composition to derive atlases of the deep-sea burial flux of calcium carbonate, biogenic opal, total organic carbon (TOC), nonbiogenic material, iron, mercury, and excess barium (Baxs). The spatial patterns of major component burial are mainly consistent with prior work, but the new quantitative estimates allow evaluations of deep-sea budgets. Our integrated deep-sea burial fluxes are 136 Tg C/yr CaCO3, 153 Tg Si/yr opal, 20Tg C/yr TOC, 220 Mg Hg/yr, and 2.6 Tg Baxs/yr. This opal flux is roughly a factor of 2 increase over previous estimates, with important implications for the global Si cycle. Sedimentary Fe fluxes reflect a mixture of sources including lithogenic material, hydrothermal inputs and authigenic phases. The fluxes of some commonly used paleo-productivity proxies (TOC, biogenic opal, and Baxs) are not well-correlated geographically with satellite-based productivity estimates. Our new compilation of sedimentary fluxes provides detailed regional and global information, which will help refine the understanding of sediment preservation

Sources et processus qui gouvernent le cycle du mercure dans un contexte d’Océan Arctique changeant

Le mercure (Hg) dans l'Arctique est un important problème environnemental et de santé humaine. Il a été difficile de comprendre les concentrations élevées persistantes de méthylmercure (MeHg) dans le biote arctique et ses tendances. Plusieurs études de bilan de masse de Hg ont été menées pour mieux comprendre les sources, les puits et les processus régulant les tendances biologiques du Hg dans l'océan Arctique (OA). Ceci est un point critique, car la quantité de Hg résidant dans l’OA définit sa résilience aux changements externes, tels que l’augmentation des apports de Hg anthropique et le changement climatique. Dans ce travail, nous avons utilisé nos nouvelles observations, combinées aux dernières études de modélisation, pour établir un bilan affiné de mercure arctique et pour étudier l'importance relative des flux de mercure atmosphériques, océaniques et terrestres dans l’OA. Sur la base d'observations saisonnières complètes de Hg dissous et particulaire pour deux grands fleuves eurasiens, le Yenisei et le Severnaya Dvina, nous avons estimé le flux fluvial de Hg vers l'OA. En utilisant nos nouvelles données acquises lors de la campagne GEOTRACES TransArcII 2015 et de la campagne GEOTRACES GRIFF 2016 et en les combinant avec d'autres campagnes arctiques qui ont eu lieu en 2015, nous avons estimé les flux océaniques de Hg entre les océans Arctique et Atlantique, ainsi que l'exportation et l’enfouissement de Hg.Nous avons également étudié l'importance de la dérive transpolaire, connue pour transporter des matières et des éléments provenant des rivières eurasiennes à travers l’OA.Mercury (Hg) in the Arctic is an important environmental and human health issue. Understanding persistent high methylmercury (MeHg) concentrations in arctic biota and trends therein has been challenging. Several Hg mass balance studies were undertaken to gain insightinto the sources, sinks and processes regulating biological Hg trends in the Arctic Ocean (AO). This is a critical point, since the amount of Hg residing in the AO defines its resilience to external changes, such as altered inputs of anthropogenic Hg and climate change. In this work we used our new observations, combined with the latest modelling studies, to establish a refined Arctic Hg budget and to investigate the relative importance of atmospheric, oceanic, and terrestrial Hg fluxes in the AO. Based on comprehensive seasonal observations of dissolved and particulate Hg for two large Eurasian rivers, the Yenisei and the Severnaya Dvina, we estimated the Hg riverine flux to the AO. Using our new data acquired during the 2015 GEOTRACES TransArcII cruise and the 2016 GEOTRACES GRIFF cruise and combining them with other arctic cruises which took place in 2015, we estimated oceanic Hg fluxes between the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans, as well as the export and burial Hg fluxes. We also investigated the importance of the Transpolar Drift, known to carry Eurasian river sourced matter and elements across the AO

Neodymium isotopes and rare earth element distribution in the Barents Sea, Arctic Ocean

The Barents Sea is a key region for water mass modification in the Arctic. Interaction with atmosphere and ice, and mixing in the Barents Sea, significantly modify the water masses before they enter the Arctic Basin. In the eastern Barents Sea mixing of water masses generates dense Barents Sea Water (BSW) which inflows the Arctic Ocean to form the Arctic Intermediate Waters. BSW plays an important role in the maintenance of the Arctic halocline. To study the interannual variability and evolution of water masses passing through the Barents Sea could be useful for better understanding of the climate change in the Northern Hemisphere. Neodymium is one of number tracers which have been used to trace the distribution and circulation of water masses within the Barents Sea. Neodymium isotopic composition (expressed as ɛNd) has been successfully applied for water mass tracing due to the residence time of Nd in the oceans being shorter than the ocean overturning time and due to independence of Nd from biological fractionation and physical processes. This work examines the major water masses within the Barents Sea, using temperature, salinity, REE concentrations and ɛNd isotopic composition data of seawater. Water within the Barents Sea are a mixture of the saline, warm and unradiogenic Atlantic water; fresh, warm, unradiogenic, and REE-enriched Coastal water from the Kola Peninsula; fresh, cold, and relatively radiogenic Arctic surface water; and fresh, most radiogenic in this area and depleted in LREE Ob/Yenisei River Current water in different proportion. Particle scavenging is very important processes for modification of chemical content of water masses. As a result of water mass transformation, waters in southwestern part of the sea have ɛNd=-12.9±0.2 with relatively low HREE/LREE ratio=3.20±0.30. In the central part of the sea, where the Arctic waters have a stronger influence, ɛNd is -10.6±0.2 in the surface layer, but near the bottom the Nd isotopic signature indicates presence of Atlantic water (ɛNd=-12.0±0.2). The Nd isotopic composition in the northern parts of Barents Sea is more radiogenic (ɛNd=-9.1±0.3) and a maximum of the HREE/LREE ratio is reached due to particle scavenging. In the northeastern part of the study area the most radiogenic signature (ɛNd=-8.5±0.3) was determined reflecting admixture of radiogenic Ob/Yenisei River water

Water mass transformation in the Barents Sea inferred from radiogenic neodymium isotopes, rare earth elements and stable oxygen isotopes

Highlights • First comprehensive seawater Nd isotope and REE data set for the Barents Sea • Water masses traced with Nd isotopes, salinity and stable oxygen isotopes • No release of particulate REEs to the dissolved load except for cerium • Transformation of Atlantic Water accompanied by pronounced REE removal from the dissolved phase Abstract Nearly half the inflow of warm and saline Atlantic Water (AW) to the Arctic Ocean is substantially cooled and freshened in the Barents Sea, which is therefore considered a key region for water mass transformation in the Arctic Mediterranean. Numerous studies have focused on this transformation and the increasing influence of AW on Arctic climate and biodiversity, yet geochemical investigations of these processes have been scarce. Using the first comprehensive data set of the distributions of dissolved radiogenic neodymium (Nd) isotopes (expressed as ɛNd), rare earth elements (REE) and stable oxygen isotope (δ18O) compositions from this region we are able to constrain the transport and transformation of AW in the Barents Sea and to investigate which processes change the chemical composition of the water masses beyond what is expected from circulation and mixing. Inflowing AW and Norwegian Coastal Water (NCW) both exhibit distinctly unradiogenic ɛNd signatures of −12.4 and −14.5, respectively, whereas cold and dense Polar Water (PW) has considerably more radiogenic ɛNd signatures reaching up to −8.1. Locally formed Barents Sea Atlantic Water (BSAW) and Barents Sea Arctic Atlantic Water (BSAAW) are encountered in the northeastern Barents Sea and have intermediate ɛNd values resulting from admixture of PW containing small amounts of riverine freshwater from the Ob (<~1.1%) to AW and NCW. Similar to the Laptev Sea, the dissolved Nd isotope composition in the Barents Sea seems to be mainly controlled by water mass advection and mixing despite its shallow water depth. Strikingly, the BSAW and BSAAW are marked by the lowest REE concentrations reaching 11 pmol/kg for Nd ([Nd]), which in contrast to the Nd isotopes, cannot be attributed to the admixture of REE-rich Ob freshwater to AW or NCW ([Nd] = 16.7, and 22 pmol/kg, respectively) and instead reflects REE removal from the dissolved phase with preferential removal of the light over the heavy REEs. The REE removal is, however, not explainable by estuarine REE behavior alone, suggesting that scavenging by (re)suspended (biogenic) particles occurs locally in the Barents Sea. Regardless of the exact cause of REE depletion, we show that AW transformation is accompanied by geochemical changes independent of water mass mixing. This article is part of a special issue entitled: Conway GEOTRACES - edited by Tim M. Conway, Tristan Horner, Yves Plancherel, and Aridane G. González