La integración regional en el Mercosur sobre la base del Tratado de Asunción

Presenta un análisis de los desarrollos del Tratado de Asunción firmado en 1991 por Argentina, Brasil, Paraguay y Uruguay, como instrumento fundacional de un programa que debe llevar a un Mercado Común: MERCOSUR. Muestra sus antecedentes y relación con el Tratado de Montevideo de 1980 que creó la ALADI. Revisa los distintos instrumentos modificatorios y complementarios del Tratado, dando especial importancia al Anexo I que establece el Pacto de Libre Comercio sobre eliminación de restricciones tanto arancelarias como no arancelarias, por ser este principio de la libre circulación de mercaderías, básico en el proceso de integración y orientador en la interpretación del Derecho Regional. Aborda en extenso el tema de la Unión Aduanera entre los países del MERCOSUR y expone la situación actual en cuanto a libre circulación de trabajadores, libertad de establecimiento, prestación de servicios y relaciones con otros bloques de países.   This gives an analysis of the developments of the Treaty of Asunción signed in 1991 by Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay as a fundamental tool of a program which would result in a Common Market: MERCOSUR. Mercosur bases its background and relationships on the Treaty of Montevideo in 1980, which created ALADI. Mercosur reviews the different instruments modifying and complementing the Treaty, giving special attention to Appendix I, which establishes the Pact of Free Trade on the ending of tariff and non-tariff restrictions. Free trade is the principle of the free movement of goods, which is fundamental to the process of integration, apart from bring a guide to the interpretation of the Regional Law. Mercosur deals in detail with the topic of the Customs Union among the bloc and deals with the free movement of workers, unrestricted establishment of businesses, the offering of services and the relationships with other country blocs in the world

Infected pancreatic necrosis: outcomes and clinical predictors of mortality. A post hoc analysis of the MANCTRA-1 international study

: The identification of high-risk patients in the early stages of infected pancreatic necrosis (IPN) is critical, because it could help the clinicians to adopt more effective management strategies. We conducted a post hoc analysis of the MANCTRA-1 international study to assess the association between clinical risk factors and mortality among adult patients with IPN. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify prognostic factors of mortality. We identified 247 consecutive patients with IPN hospitalised between January 2019 and December 2020. History of uncontrolled arterial hypertension (p = 0.032; 95% CI 1.135-15.882; aOR 4.245), qSOFA (p = 0.005; 95% CI 1.359-5.879; aOR 2.828), renal failure (p = 0.022; 95% CI 1.138-5.442; aOR 2.489), and haemodynamic failure (p = 0.018; 95% CI 1.184-5.978; aOR 2.661), were identified as independent predictors of mortality in IPN patients. Cholangitis (p = 0.003; 95% CI 1.598-9.930; aOR 3.983), abdominal compartment syndrome (p = 0.032; 95% CI 1.090-6.967; aOR 2.735), and gastrointestinal/intra-abdominal bleeding (p = 0.009; 95% CI 1.286-5.712; aOR 2.710) were independently associated with the risk of mortality. Upfront open surgical necrosectomy was strongly associated with the risk of mortality (p < 0.001; 95% CI 1.912-7.442; aOR 3.772), whereas endoscopic drainage of pancreatic necrosis (p = 0.018; 95% CI 0.138-0.834; aOR 0.339) and enteral nutrition (p = 0.003; 95% CI 0.143-0.716; aOR 0.320) were found as protective factors. Organ failure, acute cholangitis, and upfront open surgical necrosectomy were the most significant predictors of mortality. Our study confirmed that, even in a subgroup of particularly ill patients such as those with IPN, upfront open surgery should be avoided as much as possible. Study protocol registered in ClinicalTrials.Gov (I.D. Number NCT04747990)

25th annual computational neuroscience meeting: CNS-2016

The same neuron may play different functional roles in the neural circuits to which it belongs. For example, neurons in the Tritonia pedal ganglia may participate in variable phases of the swim motor rhythms [1]. While such neuronal functional variability is likely to play a major role the delivery of the functionality of neural systems, it is difficult to study it in most nervous systems. We work on the pyloric rhythm network of the crustacean stomatogastric ganglion (STG) [2]. Typically network models of the STG treat neurons of the same functional type as a single model neuron (e.g. PD neurons), assuming the same conductance parameters for these neurons and implying their synchronous firing [3, 4]. However, simultaneous recording of PD neurons shows differences between the timings of spikes of these neurons. This may indicate functional variability of these neurons. Here we modelled separately the two PD neurons of the STG in a multi-neuron model of the pyloric network. Our neuron models comply with known correlations between conductance parameters of ionic currents. Our results reproduce the experimental finding of increasing spike time distance between spikes originating from the two model PD neurons during their synchronised burst phase. The PD neuron with the larger calcium conductance generates its spikes before the other PD neuron. Larger potassium conductance values in the follower neuron imply longer delays between spikes, see Fig. 17.Neuromodulators change the conductance parameters of neurons and maintain the ratios of these parameters [5]. Our results show that such changes may shift the individual contribution of two PD neurons to the PD-phase of the pyloric rhythm altering their functionality within this rhythm. Our work paves the way towards an accessible experimental and computational framework for the analysis of the mechanisms and impact of functional variability of neurons within the neural circuits to which they belong

Algunas consideraciones sobre la interpretación prejudicial obligatoria en el Derecho Andino

Interesante análisis que ahonda el tema de la interpretación prejudicial para la resolución de conflictos respecto a asuntos que trascienden las consideraciones jurídicas internas y que hacen necesario conocer las posiciones de Tribunales de justicia o supranacionales para tomar decisiones uniformes, frente a situaciones materia de tratados Internacionales relacionados con la Comunidad AndinaThis study addresses subject of prejudicial interpretation in solving conflicts in matters transcending internal legal considerations, requiring referral to sentences of Justice Tribunals or supranational ones to take uniform decisions before scenarios of international treaties involving Andean Communit

Algunas consideraciones sobre la interpretación prejudicial obligatoria en el Derecho Andino

Interesante análisis que ahonda el tema de la interpretación prejudicial para la resolución de conflictos respecto a asuntos que trascienden las consideraciones jurídicas internas y que hacen necesario conocer las posiciones de Tribunales de justicia o supranacionales para tomar decisiones uniformes, frente a situaciones materia de tratados Internacionales relacionados con la Comunidad Andin

Algunas consideraciones sobre la interpretación prejudicial obligatoria en el Derecho Andino

This study addresses subject of prejudicial interpretation in solving conflicts in matters transcending internal legal considerations, requiring referral to sentences of Justice Tribunals or supranational ones to take uniform decisions before scenarios of international treaties involving Andean CommunityInteresante análisis que ahonda el tema de la interpretación prejudicial para la resolución de conflictos respecto a asuntos que trascienden las consideraciones jurídicas internas y que hacen necesario conocer las posiciones de Tribunales de justicia o supranacionales para tomar decisiones uniformes, frente a situaciones materia de tratados Internacionales relacionados con la Comunidad Andin

Medidas cautelares contra normas comunitarias del MERCOSUR y experiencia europea: el derecho del Mercosur y su relación con el derecho interno. El sabor amargo del azúcar en la ley argentina N.° 24.822

The present study brings clamour in the scope of the MERCOSUL, from the Argentine law n°24822, that it came prescribed sugar, that vulnerable the agreements assumed for Argentina through the Assuncion Treated. It still analyses the incompatibility of law 24.822 with the deriving ones of the MERCOSUL and concludes that for the faithful fulfillment of the legal order of the Assuncion Treated, it is demanded derogation, or even though adaptation of the disposals of law 24.822 in order to accommodate the domestic law to the normative system of the integration.<br>O presente estudo traz a celeuma criada no âmbito do MERCOSUL, a partir da lei argentina n° 24822, que veio regulamentar o açúcar, mas vulnerabilizar os acordos assumidos pela Argentina através do Tratado de Assunção. Analisa ainda a incompatibilidade da lei 24.822 com as oriundas do MERCOSUL e conclui que para o fiel cumprimento do ordenamento jurídico do Tratado de Assunção, exige-se a derrogação, ou ao menos adaptação das disposições da lei 24.822 a fim de acomodar o direito nacional ao sistema normativo da integração