Desenho e colagens : uma experiência de autoconhecimento

Relatório da Prática de Ensino Supervisionada, Mestrado em Ensino de Artes Visuais, Universidade de Lisboa, Instituto de Educação, 2019O presente relatório de Prática de Ensino Supervisionada incide sobre a planificação, implementação e avaliação dos resultados do projeto pedagógico que foi implementado numa turma de 12.º ano, do Curso Científico-Humanístico de Artes Visuais, na Escola Secundária Arco-íris (Portela). A Unidade de Trabalho sobre a qual se trabalhou este Relatório enquadra-se no currículo da disciplina de Desenho A e tem como tema “Desenho e colagens – Uma experiência de autoconhecimento”. Nesta atividade procurou-se fomentar a experiência de autoconhecimento nos alunos. A intenção deste exercício foi a reflexão da atual identidade construída com base na complexa rede de memórias e possíveis nostalgias do passado ligada às diferentes dúvidas e incertezas em relação ao futuro. Depois da reflexão interessou perceber de que forma os alunos conseguem expressar a sua identidade através da união das duas técnicas: Desenho e Colagens. O desenho como elemento expressivo das ideias, memórias e anseios e a colagem como elemento unificador de diferentes fragmentos de diferentes fontes num todo identitário. Para sustentar o estudo descrito, é feita uma breve reflexão entre a Educação e a Arte, assim como do ensino artístico e o seu contributo, são também abordadas algumas das Teorias da Aprendizagem ligadas à Adolescência e Motivação. Dos resultados obtidos foi possível concluir que os alunos alcançaram com sucesso grande parte dos objetivos estabelecidos, com uma avaliação positiva em todos os trabalhos desenvolvidos. Permitiu-se aos alunos conhecer, explorar e aprofundar alguns conhecimentos associados às técnicas: Desenho e Colagens, motivando-os e despertando neles uma maior importância relativa autoconhecimento nesta fase complexa que atravessam. A partilha desta experiência expressiva da própria identidade com a turma desencadeou nos alunos uma outra forma de pensar, de adquirir inspiração e de criar.This Supervised Teaching Practice report focuses on the planning, implementation and evaluation of the results of the pedagogical project that was implemented in a 12th grade class of the Scientific-Humanistic Visual Arts Course at the Rainbow Secondary School (Portela). The Work Unit on which this Report was worked fits into the curriculum of the Design A discipline and has as its theme “Drawing and Collages - An experience of self-knowledge”. In this activity we sought to foster the experience of self-knowledge in the students. The intention of this exercise was to reflect the current identity built on the complex web of memories and possible nostalgia of the past linked to the different doubts and uncertainties regarding the future. After reflection it was interesting to understand how students can express their identity through the union of the two techniques: Drawing and Collages. Drawing as an expressive element of ideas, memories and longings and collage as a unifying element of different fragments from different sources in an identity whole. To support the study described, a brief reflection is made between Education and Art, as well as artistic teaching and its contribution, some of the Theories of Learning related to Adolescence and Motivation are also addressed. From the obtained results it was possible to conclude that the students successfully achieved most of the established objectives, with a positive evaluation in all the developed works. Students were allowed to know, explore and deepen some knowledge associated with the techniques: Drawing and Collages, motivating them and awakening in them a greater relative self-knowledge in this complex phase that they go through. Sharing this expressive experience of their own identity with the class has triggered in students another way of thinking, gaining inspiration and creating

FISCAL PERFORMANCE OF MUNICIPALITIES: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS FOR THE MESOREGIONS OF NORTHERN MINAS AND TRIÂNGULO MINEIRO

Este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar, em um estudo comparativo, o efeito da descentralização fiscal baseada em transferências no desempenho arrecadatório dos municípios das mesorregiões do Triangulo Mineiro e do Norte de Minas Gerais. Para isto procura relacionar os desníveis na arrecadação per capita entre os municípios (variável dependente) às transferências lump sum e à renda per capita. O estudo parte de duas hipóteses: (i) que as transferências intergovernamentais do tipo lump-sum, ao conceder uma fonte de receita incondicional e sem contrapartida, tende a reduzir o esforço fiscal dos governos municipais; (ii) que os municípios de regiões mais desenvolvidas e maior capacidade fiscal, apresentam um esforço de arrecadação maior que as regiões mais pobres. O estudo tem por base de análise o referencial teórico sobre descentralização fiscal baseado em transferências. Para testar as hipóteses estima-se modelo econométrico relacionando as variáveis e utiliza o método dos Mínimos Quadrados Ordinários (MQO). Os principais resultados apontam que as transferências lump sum reduzem o estímulo a arrecadação própria. No entanto, não se verificou diferenças significativas no esforço de arrecadação entre as mesorregiões analisadas.This work aims to analyze, in a comparative study, the effect of fiscal decentralization based on transfers in the collection performance of the municipalities of the mesoregions of Triangulo Mineiro and North of Minas Gerais. To this end, it seeks to relate the differences in per capita collection between municipalities (dependent variable) to lump sum transfers and per capita income. The study is based on two hypotheses: (i) that lump-sum intergovernmental transfers, by granting an unconditional and unrequited source of revenue, tend to reduce the fiscal effort of municipal governments; (ii) that municipalities in more developed regions and with greater fiscal capacity present a greater tax collection effort than poorer regions. The study is based on analysis of the theoretical framework on fiscal decentralization based on transfers. To test the hypotheses, an econometric model is estimated relating the variables and uses the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) method. The main results indicate that lump sum transfers reduce the stimulus to own collection. However, there were no significant differences in the tax collection effort between the analyzed mesoregions.Este trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar, en un estudio comparativo, el efecto de la descentralización fiscal basada en transferencias en el desempeño de la recaudación de los municipios de las mesorregiones del Triangulo Mineiro y el Norte de Minas Gerais. Para ello, busca relacionar las diferencias de recaudación per cápita entre municipios (variable dependiente) con las transferencias incondicional y el ingreso per cápita. El estudio parte de dos hipótesis: (i) que las transferencias intergubernamentales del tipo incondicional, al otorgar una fuente de ingresos incondicional y no correspondida, tienden a reducir el esfuerzo fiscal de los gobiernos municipales; (ii) que los municipios de las regiones más desarrolladas y con mayor capacidad fiscal presentan un mayor esfuerzo recaudatorio que las regiones más pobres. El estudio se basa en el análisis del marco teórico sobre la descentralización fiscal basada en transferencias. Para contrastar las hipótesis se estima un modelo econométrico relacionando las variables y se utiliza el método de los Mínimos Cuadrados Ordinarios (MQO). Los principales resultados indican que las transferencias a tanto alzado reducen el estímulo a la recaudación propia. Sin embargo, no hubo diferencias significativas en el esfuerzo de recolección entre las mesorregiones analizadas

MAMMALS IN PORTUGAL : A data set of terrestrial, volant, and marine mammal occurrences in P ortugal

Mammals are threatened worldwide, with 26% of all species being includedin the IUCN threatened categories. This overall pattern is primarily associatedwith habitat loss or degradation, and human persecution for terrestrial mam-mals, and pollution, open net fishing, climate change, and prey depletion formarine mammals. Mammals play a key role in maintaining ecosystems func-tionality and resilience, and therefore information on their distribution is cru-cial to delineate and support conservation actions. MAMMALS INPORTUGAL is a publicly available data set compiling unpublishedgeoreferenced occurrence records of 92 terrestrial, volant, and marine mam-mals in mainland Portugal and archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira thatincludes 105,026 data entries between 1873 and 2021 (72% of the data occur-ring in 2000 and 2021). The methods used to collect the data were: live obser-vations/captures (43%), sign surveys (35%), camera trapping (16%),bioacoustics surveys (4%) and radiotracking, and inquiries that represent lessthan 1% of the records. The data set includes 13 types of records: (1) burrowsjsoil moundsjtunnel, (2) capture, (3) colony, (4) dead animaljhairjskullsjjaws, (5) genetic confirmation, (6) inquiries, (7) observation of live animal (8),observation in shelters, (9) photo trappingjvideo, (10) predators dietjpelletsjpine cones/nuts, (11) scatjtrackjditch, (12) telemetry and (13) vocalizationjecholocation. The spatial uncertainty of most records ranges between 0 and100 m (76%). Rodentia (n=31,573) has the highest number of records followedby Chiroptera (n=18,857), Carnivora (n=18,594), Lagomorpha (n=17,496),Cetartiodactyla (n=11,568) and Eulipotyphla (n=7008). The data setincludes records of species classified by the IUCN as threatened(e.g.,Oryctolagus cuniculus[n=12,159],Monachus monachus[n=1,512],andLynx pardinus[n=197]). We believe that this data set may stimulate thepublication of other European countries data sets that would certainly contrib-ute to ecology and conservation-related research, and therefore assisting onthe development of more accurate and tailored conservation managementstrategies for each species. There are no copyright restrictions; please cite thisdata paper when the data are used in publications.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Mammals in Portugal: a data set of terrestrial, volant, and marine mammal occurrences in Portugal

Mammals are threatened worldwide, with ~26% of all species being included in the IUCN threatened categories. This overall pattern is primarily associated with habitat loss or degradation, and human persecution for terrestrial mammals, and pollution, open net fishing, climate change, and prey depletion for marine mammals. Mammals play a key role in maintaining ecosystems functionality and resilience, and therefore information on their distribution is crucial to delineate and support conservation actions. MAMMALS IN PORTUGAL is a publicly available data set compiling unpublished georeferenced occurrence records of 92 terrestrial, volant, and marine mammals in mainland Portugal and archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira that includes 105,026 data entries between 1873 and 2021 (72% of the data occurring in 2000 and 2021). The methods used to collect the data were: live observations/captures (43%), sign surveys (35%), camera trapping (16%), bioacoustics surveys (4%) and radiotracking, and inquiries that represent less than 1% of the records. The data set includes 13 types of records: (1) burrows | soil mounds | tunnel, (2) capture, (3) colony, (4) dead animal | hair | skulls | jaws, (5) genetic confirmation, (6) inquiries, (7) observation of live animal (8), observation in shelters, (9) photo trapping | video, (10) predators diet | pellets | pine cones/nuts, (11) scat | track | ditch, (12) telemetry and (13) vocalization | echolocation. The spatial uncertainty of most records ranges between 0 and 100 m (76%). Rodentia (n =31,573) has the highest number of records followed by Chiroptera (n = 18,857), Carnivora (n = 18,594), Lagomorpha (n = 17,496), Cetartiodactyla (n = 11,568) and Eulipotyphla (n = 7008). The data set includes records of species classified by the IUCN as threatened (e.g., Oryctolagus cuniculus [n = 12,159], Monachus monachus [n = 1,512], and Lynx pardinus [n = 197]). We believe that this data set may stimulate the publication of other European countries data sets that would certainly contribute to ecology and conservation-related research, and therefore assisting on the development of more accurate and tailored conservation management strategies for each species. There are no copyright restrictions; please cite this data paper when the data are used in publications

Advanced Mechanochemistry Device for Sustainable Synthetic Processes

Mechanochemistry is an alternative for sustainable solvent-free processes that has taken the big step to become, in the near future, a useful synthetic method for academia and the fine chemical industry. The apparatus available, based on ball milling systems possessing several optimizable variables, requires too many control and optimization experiments to ensure reproducibility, which has limited its widespread utilization so far. Herein, we describe the development of an automatic mechanochemical single-screw device consisting of an electrical motor, a drill, and a drill chamber. The applicability and versatility of the new device are demonstrated by the implementation of di- and multicomponent chemical reactions with high reproducibility, using mechanical action exclusively. As examples, chalcones, dihydropyrimidinones, dihydropyrimidinethiones, pyrazoline, and porphyrins, were synthesized with high yields. The unprecedented sustainability is demonstrated by comparison of EcoScale and E-factor values of these processes with those previously described in the literature

The Portuguese Severe Asthma Registry: Development, Features, and Data Sharing Policies

The Portuguese Severe Asthma Registry (Registo de Asma Grave Portugal, RAG) was developed by an open collaborative network of asthma specialists. RAG collects data from adults and pediatric severe asthma patients that despite treatment optimization and adequate management of comorbidities require step 4/5 treatment according to GINA recommendations. In this paper, we describe the development and implementation of RAG, its features, and data sharing policies. The contents and structure of RAG were defined in a multistep consensus process. A pilot version was pretested and iteratively improved. The selection of data elements for RAG considered other severe asthma registries, aiming at characterizing the patient’s clinical status whilst avoiding overloading the standard workflow of the clinical appointment. Features of RAG include automatic assessment of eligibility, easy data input, and exportable data in natural language that can be pasted directly in patients’ electronic health record and security features to enable data sharing (among researchers and with other international databases) without compromising patients’ confidentiality. RAG is a national web-based disease registry of severe asthma patients, available at asmagrave.pt. It allows prospective clinical data collection, promotes standardized care and collaborative clinical research, and may contribute to inform evidence-based healthcare policies for severe asthma

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora