Resistência de união ao cisalhamento de diferentes tipos de pinos de fibra de vidro cimentados em raízes fragilizadas

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, 2013.Reabilitar dentes fragilizados com acentuada perda estrutural, tratados endodonticamente, constitui-se ainda como um desafio para o profissional, apesar do constante aprimoramento dos materiais odontológicos e das técnicas restauradoras. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar, por meio do teste de micro push-out, o efeito de diferentes tipos de cimentos na resistência de união ao cisalhamento de pinos de fibra de vidro convencionais e anatômicos cimentados nos terços cervical, médio e apical do preparo protético em raízes fragilizadas. Sessenta caninos inferiores humanos, com um único canal e raízes retas, tiveram suas porções coronárias removidas obtendo raízes com tamanho de 16 mm a partir do ápice radicular. As raízes foram incluídas em cilindros de resina acrílica para facilitar a manipulação e proporcionar melhor alinhamento do canal radicular. Foi realizado o tratamento endodôntico seguido pelo preparo protético do canal utilizando brocas em baixa rotação e pontas diamantadas em alta rotação, com o objetivo de simular uma raiz fragilizada. As raízes foram divididas em 2 grandes grupos de acordo com o tipo de pino de fibra de vidro utilizado: Grupo PC, composto por pinos convencionais (n = 30) e Grupo PA, composto por pinos anatômicos (n = 30). Em seguida, os grupos foram subdivididos de acordo com o tipo de cimento, resultando em um total de 6 subgrupos: PC e RelyX ARC (PC-RXA); PC e RelyX U100 (PC- RXU); e PC e RelyX Luting 2 (PC-RXL); PA e RelyX ARC (PA-RXA); PA e RelyX U100 (PA-RXU); PA e RelyX Luting 2 (PA-RXL). Os pinos foram cimentados de acordo com as recomendações do fabricante. Após 24 horas, todas os espécimes foram seccionados transversalmente em 6 slices, com 1 mm de espessura cada, obtendo 2 slices para cada terço do preparo protético (cervical, médio e apical). Todos os slices foram submetidos ao teste de micro push-out, com velocidade de 0,5 mm/min. O tipo de falha na interface dentina/cimento foi analisado em microscópio óptico com aumento de 40x. Os dados (MPa) foram analisados por meio dos testes estatísticos ANOVA três fatores e Tukey (α = 0,05). Os resultados apresentaram diferenças estatísticas apenas entre os fatores (p 0,05). Os grupos PA foram os que obtiveram maiores valores de resistência de união. Entre os cimentos, o RXU foi o responsável pelos maiores valores de resistência de união, enquanto que o RXL apresentou os menores valores (p 0.05). The PA groups reached the highest values of push-out bond strength. Among cements, RXU was responsible for the highest bond strength values whereas RXL showed the lowest values (p < 0.05). For the root thirds of prosthetic preparation, apical region presented significantly the lower bond strength values. The most frequent type of failure was adhesive followed by mixed failures. It can be concluded that the use of anatomic glass fiber posts improved the shear bond strength in flared root canals irrespective to the cement type used, as well as the use of the self-adhesive cement, RelyX U100, promoted the highest bond strength values for the glass fiber posts

Effect of relining on fiber post retention to root canal

One of the clinically relevant problems dentists face when restoring endodontically treated teeth is the mismatch between fiber post and post space diameters, which results in an excessively thick resin cement layer. Fiber post relining appears as a solution for this problem. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of fiber post relining with composite resin on push-out bond strength. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty bovine incisors were selected to assess post retention. The crowns were removed below the cementoenamel junction and the root canals were treated endodontically and flared with diamond burs. The roots were allocated into two groups (n=10): G1: fiber posts without relining and G2: fiber posts relined with composite resin. The posts were cemented with a dual-cured resin cement and the specimens were sectioned transversally. Three 1.5-mm thick slabs were obtained per root and identified as cervical, medium and apical thirds. The push-out test was performed at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min until post dislodgement occurred. The failure mode of fractured specimens was analyzed under scanning electron microscopy. Data were analyzed by split-plot ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey's test at a pre-set alpha of 0.05. RESULTS: Relined fiber posts presented higher retention values than non-relined post in all thirds. No statistically significant differences (p>;0.05) were found among thirds for relined posts. All failures occurred at the interface between resin cement and root dentin. CONCLUSIONS: Relining with composite resin seems to be an effective method to improve the retention of fiber posts to flared root canals

Brown Spider (Loxosceles genus) Venom Toxins: Tools for Biological Purposes

Venomous animals use their venoms as tools for defense or predation. These venoms are complex mixtures, mainly enriched of proteic toxins or peptides with several, and different, biological activities. In general, spider venom is rich in biologically active molecules that are useful in experimental protocols for pharmacology, biochemistry, cell biology and immunology, as well as putative tools for biotechnology and industries. Spider venoms have recently garnered much attention from several research groups worldwide. Brown spider (Loxosceles genus) venom is enriched in low molecular mass proteins (5–40 kDa). Although their venom is produced in minute volumes (a few microliters), and contain only tens of micrograms of protein, the use of techniques based on molecular biology and proteomic analysis has afforded rational projects in the area and permitted the discovery and identification of a great number of novel toxins. The brown spider phospholipase-D family is undoubtedly the most investigated and characterized, although other important toxins, such as low molecular mass insecticidal peptides, metalloproteases and hyaluronidases have also been identified and featured in literature. The molecular pathways of the action of these toxins have been reported and brought new insights in the field of biotechnology. Herein, we shall see how recent reports describing discoveries in the area of brown spider venom have expanded biotechnological uses of molecules identified in these venoms, with special emphasis on the construction of a cDNA library for venom glands, transcriptome analysis, proteomic projects, recombinant expression of different proteic toxins, and finally structural descriptions based on crystallography of toxins

Educomunicação e suas áreas de intervenção: Novos paradigmas para o diálogo intercultural

oai:omp.abpeducom.org.br:publicationFormat/1O material aqui divulgado representa, em essência, a contribuição do VII Encontro Brasileiro de Educomunicação ao V Global MIL Week, da UNESCO, ocorrido na ECA/USP, entre 3&nbsp;e 5 de novembro de 2016. Estamos diante de um conjunto de 104 papers executivos, com uma média de entre 7 e 10 páginas, cada um. Com este rico e abundante material, chegamos ao sétimo e-book publicado pela ABPEducom, em seus seis primeiros anos de existência. A especificidade desta obra é a de trazer as “Áreas de Intervenção” do campo da Educomunicação, colocando-as a serviço de uma meta essencial ao agir educomunicativo: o diálogo intercultural, trabalhado na linha do tema geral do evento internacional: Media and Information Literacy: New Paradigms for Intercultural Dialogue

Atendimento odontológico a pacientes com autismo: diretrizes de gestão clínica

Objective: to carry out a literature review about autism spectrum disorder, discussing the oral needs of these subjects and proposing guidelines for dental professionals to make it possible to offer dental care to people with autism in their clinical practices. Material and Methods: we searched the databases of the Web of Science, PubMed and Cochrane Library, where articles of systematic reviews, meta-analysis and clinical trials were selected between the periods 2008 to 2018. Results: we selected 28 articles that define and discuss the condition of the autism spectrum disorder and its relationship with oral health. The studies also point out the difficulties of parents and dental professionals regarding oral hygiene and the reception of these subjects in a dental environment. Conclusion: reflecting on these practices and new approaches, we consider a new professional conduct, aimed at raising the quality of dental care to the patient with autism.Objetivo: realizar uma revisão de literatura sobre o transtorno do espectro do autismo, discutir as necessidades orais desses sujeitos e propor diretrizes para os profissionais da odontologia para possibilitar a oferta de atendimento odontológico a pessoas com autismo em suas práticas clínicas. Material e Métodos: pesquisamos as bases de dados da Web of Science, PubMed e Cochrane Library, onde foram selecionados artigos de revisões sistemáticas, metanálises e ensaios clínicos entre os períodos de 2008 a 2018. Resultados: selecionaram 28 artigos que definem e discutem a condição do transtorno do espectro do autismo e sua relação com a saúde bucal. Os estudos também apontam as dificuldades de pais e profissionais de odontologia em relação à higiene bucal e ao recebimento desses assuntos em ambiente odontológico. Conclusão: refletir sobre essas práticas e novas abordagens, consideramos uma nova conduta profissional, visando elevar a qualidade do atendimento odontológico ao paciente com autismo

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data

NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths. Our data set includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the southern United States, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to the austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n = 5,941), and Cyclopes sp. have the fewest (n = 240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n = 11,588), and the fewest data are recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n = 33). With regard to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n = 962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n = 12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other data sets of Neotropical Series that will become available very soon (i.e., Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans data set. Please cite this data paper when using its data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using these data