DINÂMICA DA PRECIPITAÇÃO PLUVIOMÉTRICA E DO ARMAZENAMENTO DE ÁGUA EM RESERVATÓRIOS NA BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO LITORAL, CEARÁ, BRASIL

Esse trabalho objetiva conhecer a distribuição das precipitações pluviométricas para classificar os períodos de chuva e associa-los ao processo de recarga dos reservatórios ao longo da bacia hidrográfica do litoral. O procedimento metodológico consiste na aplicação estatística dos quantis para determinar limiares de Q0,15, Q0,35, Q0,50, Q0,65 e Q0,85 baseando-se em Pinkayan (1966) e Xavier (2007), para classificar os períodos muitos secos, secos, normal, chuvoso e muito chuvoso. A série histórica considerou os registros de (1992 a 2022) perfazendo 30 anos de dados pluviométricos consultado na FUNCEME. Os dados dos reservatórios foram consultados na COGERH. Os resultados apontam que o posto pluviométrico de Irauçuba, obteve o menos acumulado da bacia classificando com 131,1 mm no ano de 1993 e classificando-se como muito seco, no ano de 2009 com 1062,7 mm classificando-se como muito chuvoso. Respetivamente o posto de Trairi registrou cerca de 2182,8 mm em 2009 classificado como muito chuvoso, seguido por Itarema com 2529 mm em 2009 classificando-se como muito chuvoso, seguido por Uruburetama com 1837,7 mm em 2009 registram os maiores acumulados. Os reservatórios indicam que o período de baixa recarga e seca estão associados aos períodos muito seco dos postos pluviométricos. É possível concluir que os dados podem subsidiar o processo de gestão territorial aos gestores públicos locais sobre possíveis tomadas de decisões estratégicas na bacia

Retrospective Analysis of Risk Factors and Predictors of Intraoperative Complications in Neuraxial Blocks at Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu-UNESP

SummaryBackground and objectivesCardiovascular changes associated with neuraxial blocks are a cause of concern due to their frequency and because some of them can be considered physiological effects triggered by the sympathetic nervous system blockade. The objective of this study was to evaluate intraoperative cardiovascular complications and predictive factors associated with neuraxial blocks in patients ≥ 18 years of age undergoing non-obstetric procedures over an 18-year period in a tertiary university hospital – HCFMB-UNESP.MethodsA retrospective analysis of the following complications was undertaken: hypertension, hypotension, sinus bradycardia, and sinus tachycardia. These complications were correlated with anesthetic technique, physical status (ASA), age, gender, and preoperative co-morbidities. The Tukey test for comparisons among proportions and logistic regression was used for statistical analysis.Results32,554 patients underwent neuraxial blocks. Intraoperative complications mentioned included hypotension (n=4,109), sinus bradycardia (n=1,107), sinus tachycardia (n=601), and hypertension (n=466). Hypotension was seen more often in patients undergoing continuous subarachnoid anesthesia (29.4%, OR=2.39), ≥ 61 years of age, and female (OR=1.27).ConclusionsIntraoperative hypotension and bradycardia were the complications observed more often. Hypotension was related to anesthetic technique (CSA), increased age, and female. Tachycardia and hypertension may not have been directly related to neuraxial blocks

Práxica de enfermagem em saúde coletiva: Vivência acadêmica na atenção primária à saúde

Resumo: Objetivou-se descrever as experiências obtidas por meio de ações extensionistas no âmbito da saúde materno-infantil, fundamentada na Teoria de Intervenção Práxica de Enfermagem em Saúde Coletiva. Trata-se de um relato de experiência realizado em uma unidade básica de saúde da região norte do Ceará. A implementação da teoria tornou viável a compreensão da realidade objetiva formadora daquele território, bem como a elaboração de um planejamento baseado nas subjetividades da população. Tais ações repercutiram diretamente na organização da unidade e proporcionaram a reativação do grupo de puericultura, a construção de conhecimentos por meio dos momentos de promoção e educação em saúde, assim como a contribuição para a formação dos acadêmicos de enfermagem, enquanto futuros profissionais. As experiências obtidas implicam diretamente na ressignificação das abordagens grupais, com destaque para o âmbito materno-infantil, como também estimulam a visão holística e o pensamento crítico por parte dos acadêmicos. Palavras-chave: Saúde Materno-Infantil; Saúde Pública; Teoria de Enfermagem; Universidade; Extensão Comunitária   Nursing Praxical in Collective Health: Academic Experience in Primary Health Care Abstract: The objective was to describe the experiences obtained through extension actions in maternal and child health scope based on the Theory of Praxis Intervention in Public Health Nursing. This paper is an experience report carried out in a primary health unit in the northern region of Ceará (Brazil). The theory implementation made it possible to understand the objective reality that formed that territory, as well as to elaborate a plan based on the population’s subjectivities. Such actions had a direct impact on the organization of the unit. They provided the childcare group reactivation, knowledge building through moments of health promotion and education, and contribution to training nursing students as future professionals. The experiences obtained directly imply the redefinition of group approaches, emphasizing the maternal-child scope and the stimulation of a holistic view and critical thinking by nursing academics. Keywords: University Maternal and Child Health; Public Health; Nursing Theory; Universities; Community-Institutional Relation

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Photography-based taxonomy is inadequate, unnecessary, and potentially harmful for biological sciences

The question whether taxonomic descriptions naming new animal species without type specimen(s) deposited in collections should be accepted for publication by scientific journals and allowed by the Code has already been discussed in Zootaxa (Dubois & Nemésio 2007; Donegan 2008, 2009; Nemésio 2009a–b; Dubois 2009; Gentile & Snell 2009; Minelli 2009; Cianferoni & Bartolozzi 2016; Amorim et al. 2016). This question was again raised in a letter supported by 35 signatories published in the journal Nature (Pape et al. 2016) on 15 September 2016. On 25 September 2016, the following rebuttal (strictly limited to 300 words as per the editorial rules of Nature) was submitted to Nature, which on 18 October 2016 refused to publish it. As we think this problem is a very important one for zoological taxonomy, this text is published here exactly as submitted to Nature, followed by the list of the 493 taxonomists and collection-based researchers who signed it in the short time span from 20 September to 6 October 2016

Global, regional, and national under-5 mortality, adult mortality, age-specific mortality, and life expectancy, 1970–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

BACKGROUND: Detailed assessments of mortality patterns, particularly age-specific mortality, represent a crucial input that enables health systems to target interventions to specific populations. Understanding how all-cause mortality has changed with respect to development status can identify exemplars for best practice. To accomplish this, the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 (GBD 2016) estimated age-specific and sex-specific all-cause mortality between 1970 and 2016 for 195 countries and territories and at the subnational level for the five countries with a population greater than 200 million in 2016. METHODS: We have evaluated how well civil registration systems captured deaths using a set of demographic methods called death distribution methods for adults and from consideration of survey and census data for children younger than 5 years. We generated an overall assessment of completeness of registration of deaths by dividing registered deaths in each location-year by our estimate of all-age deaths generated from our overall estimation process. For 163 locations, including subnational units in countries with a population greater than 200 million with complete vital registration (VR) systems, our estimates were largely driven by the observed data, with corrections for small fluctuations in numbers and estimation for recent years where there were lags in data reporting (lags were variable by location, generally between 1 year and 6 years). For other locations, we took advantage of different data sources available to measure under-5 mortality rates (U5MR) using complete birth histories, summary birth histories, and incomplete VR with adjustments; we measured adult mortality rate (the probability of death in individuals aged 15-60 years) using adjusted incomplete VR, sibling histories, and household death recall. We used the U5MR and adult mortality rate, together with crude death rate due to HIV in the GBD model life table system, to estimate age-specific and sex-specific death rates for each location-year. Using various international databases, we identified fatal discontinuities, which we defined as increases in the death rate of more than one death per million, resulting from conflict and terrorism, natural disasters, major transport or technological accidents, and a subset of epidemic infectious diseases; these were added to estimates in the relevant years. In 47 countries with an identified peak adult prevalence for HIV/AIDS of more than 0·5% and where VR systems were less than 65% complete, we informed our estimates of age-sex-specific mortality using the Estimation and Projection Package (EPP)-Spectrum model fitted to national HIV/AIDS prevalence surveys and antenatal clinic serosurveillance systems. We estimated stillbirths, early neonatal, late neonatal, and childhood mortality using both survey and VR data in spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression models. We estimated abridged life tables for all location-years using age-specific death rates. We grouped locations into development quintiles based on the Socio-demographic Index (SDI) and analysed mortality trends by quintile. Using spline regression, we estimated the expected mortality rate for each age-sex group as a function of SDI. We identified countries with higher life expectancy than expected by comparing observed life expectancy to anticipated life expectancy on the basis of development status alone. FINDINGS: Completeness in the registration of deaths increased from 28% in 1970 to a peak of 45% in 2013; completeness was lower after 2013 because of lags in reporting. Total deaths in children younger than 5 years decreased from 1970 to 2016, and slower decreases occurred at ages 5-24 years. By contrast, numbers of adult deaths increased in each 5-year age bracket above the age of 25 years. The distribution of annualised rates of change in age-specific mortality rate differed over the period 2000 to 2016 compared with earlier decades: increasing annualised rates of change were less frequent, although rising annualised rates of change still occurred in some locations, particularly for adolescent and younger adult age groups. Rates of stillbirths and under-5 mortality both decreased globally from 1970. Evidence for global convergence of death rates was mixed; although the absolute difference between age-standardised death rates narrowed between countries at the lowest and highest levels of SDI, the ratio of these death rates-a measure of relative inequality-increased slightly. There was a strong shift between 1970 and 2016 toward higher life expectancy, most noticeably at higher levels of SDI. Among countries with populations greater than 1 million in 2016, life expectancy at birth was highest for women in Japan, at 86·9 years (95% UI 86·7-87·2), and for men in Singapore, at 81·3 years (78·8-83·7) in 2016. Male life expectancy was generally lower than female life expectancy between 1970 and 2016, an