Syntaktische und phonologische Fehler von DaF-Lernern und ihre Wirkung auf Muttersprachler

Die Beherrschung welcher Kenntnisse spielt für die sprachliche Akzeptanz in der L1-Gesellschaft eine wichtigere Rolle, die der Grammatik oder der Aussprache? Ist die Toleranz der Muttersprachler gegenüber verschiedenen Fehlerarten unterschiedlich? Wenn ja, welche Fehlerarten fallen vornehmlich auf und werden negativer sanktioniert? Inwieweit kann ein ausländischer Akzent zu einer falschen Beurteilung der Sprachkenntnisse führen? Die Beantwortung dieser Fragen, die in meiner Dissertation durch eine empirische Untersuchung über die Reaktion deutscher Muttersprachler auf verschiedene grammatische und phonologische Sprechfehler eines Migranten herausgearbeitet wird, soll Aufschluss darüber geben, wie gesprochene Fehlerarten hinsichtlich ihres Störungsgrads für deutsche Rezipienten zu gewichten sind. Diese Klassifikation sollte vor allem DaF-Lehrkräfte und -Lernende dazu befähigen, für die Therapie und Behebung der Fehlerarten Prioritätskriterien zu entwickeln

Subsistence, Settlement, and Social Stratification on the Great Hungarian Plain During the Transition to the Copper Age

This thesis concerns hunting and animal domestication during the Late Neolithic (5000- 4500 BC cal) and Early Copper Age (4500-4000 BC cal) on the Great Hungarian Plain. Intensively occupied tell sites and other surrounding flat areas characterized the landscape of the Carpathian Basin during the Late Neolithic. During the Early Copper Age, most tell sites were abandoned as farmers moved to more widely dispersed settlements. Faunal data from Szeghalom-Kovácshalom and Vésztő-Mágor, two Late Neolithic sites, shows that hunting was more prevalent on tells than surrounding flat sites. Additional analysis of the Early Copper Age sites of Vésztő-Bikeri and Körösladány-Bikeri shows that the intensity of hunting and the occupation of tell sites declined simultaneously during the Early Copper Age. The variation in the faunal assemblages of flat and tell sites during the Late Neolithic can be attributed to a social hierarchy in which hunting was a luxury of the tell populations. Additionally, the decline of hunting and dissolution of tells in the Early Copper Age is evidence of a rejection of that social hierarchy.National Science Foundation International Research Experiences for Students grantKörös Regional Archaeological ProjectNo embargoAcademic Major: Anthropolog

The effect of motivational music on wingate anaerobic test performance

The aim of this study is to examine the effect of the motivational music on the Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT) performance. 16 male students who studied at School of Physical Education and Sports, Kocatepe University participated in the study voluntarily. After demographic characteristics of the voluntaries [age, height, body weight (BW), body mass index (BMI)] were measured without music (pre-test) and with motivational music [>120 bpm (beats per minute)] conditions (post-test). For the analyses of the data; Wilcoxon Rank Test was used in order to detect the difference among the variables. As a result of the measurements taken in with and without music conditions; it was found out that there was a statistically significant difference on behalf of condition with music in terms of maximum anaerobic power (MaxAP), maximum anaerobic capacity (MAC), relative anaerobic power (RAP), relative anaerobic capacity (RAC) and fatigue index (FI) values (p<0,05), while there was no statistically significant difference in terms of minimum anaerobic power (MinAP) values (p>0,05). It was determined that the motivational music has positive effects on the WAnT performance. However; although it was seen that motivational music increased the WAnT performance, we were of the opinion that this effect emerged thanks to the increased psycho-physiological factors caused by music

Alfabetización en salud oral en una población adulta de la sierra ecuatoriana: Estudio descriptivo

Objetivo: Determinar la alfabetización en salud bucal, en una población adulta con una edad comprendida entre 18 a 64 años; que residen en la parroquia de Bellavista, perteneciente a la ciudad de Cuenca, Ecuador, en el año 2024. Métodos: El diseño del estudio es de tipo descriptivo. Los datos recolectados fueron obtenidos del llenado de encuestas por parte de los moradores de la parroquia de Bellavista del cantón, Cuenca, los cuales aceptaron participar en el proyecto; siendo 210 participantes en total. Al finalizar el proyecto, estos datos se ingresaron en el software EPI INFO, versión 7.2. Resultados: 121 (57.6 %) personas fueron del sexo femenino y 89 (42.4 %), del sexo masculino. Los resultados obtenidos indican que hubo un 74 % de personas con baja alfabetización en salud bucal; a su vez, no se encontraron diferencias significativas de esta variable entre ambos sexos ni entre los grupos de edad. Conclusión: Este estudio reveló que existe una alta frecuencia de personas no alfabetizadas en salud bucal, lo que sugiere la necesidad de mayor control de los niveles de OHL de la población. A su vez, en nuestro resultado, no existe diferencia entre la alfabetización en salud bucal de varones vs. mujeres, y tampoco al comparar entre los grupos de edad; lo que evidencia la necesidad de estrategias de educación en salud bucal que sean accesibles y efectivas para todos los segmentos de la población, independientemente del género o la edad

Global in situ observations of essential climate and ocean variables at the air–sea interface

The air–sea interface is a key gateway in the Earth system. It is where the atmosphere sets the ocean in motion, climate/weather-relevant air–sea processes occur, and pollutants (i.e., plastic, anthropogenic carbon dioxide, radioactive/chemical waste) enter the sea. Hence, accurate estimates and forecasts of physical and biogeochemical processes at this interface are critical for sustainable blue economy planning, growth, and disaster mitigation. Such estimates and forecasts rely on accurate and integrated in situ and satellite surface observations. High-impact uses of ocean surface observations of essential ocean/climate variables (EOVs/ECVs) include (1) assimilation into/validation of weather, ocean, and climate forecast models to improve their skill, impact, and value; (2) ocean physics studies (i.e., heat, momentum, freshwater, and biogeochemical air–sea fluxes) to further our understanding and parameterization of air–sea processes; and (3) calibration and validation of satellite ocean products (i.e., currents, temperature, salinity, sea level, ocean color, wind, and waves). We review strengths and limitations, impacts, and sustainability of in situ ocean surface observations of several ECVs and EOVs. We draw a 10-year vision of the global ocean surface observing network for improved synergy and integration with other observing systems (e.g., satellites), for modeling/forecast efforts, and for a better ocean observing governance. The context is both the applications listed above and the guidelines of frameworks such as the Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS) and Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) (both co-sponsored by the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO, IOC–UNESCO; the World Meteorological Organization, WMO; the United Nations Environment Programme, UNEP; and the International Science Council, ISC). Networks of multiparametric platforms, such as the global drifter array, offer opportunities for new and improved in situ observations. Advances in sensor technology (e.g., low-cost wave sensors), high-throughput communications, evolving cyberinfrastructures, and data information systems with potential to improve the scope, efficiency, integration, and sustainability of the ocean surface observing system are explored

Higher FORTA (Fit fOR The Aged) scores are associated with poor functional outcomes, dementia, and mortality in older people

Purpose Higher Fit fOR The Aged (FORTA) scores have been shown to be negatively associated with adverse clinical outcomes in older hospitalized patients. This has not been evaluated in other health care settings. The aim of this study was to examine the association of the FORTA score with relevant outcomes in the prospective AgeCoDe–AgeQualiDe cohort of community-dwelling older people. In particular, the longitudinal relation between the FORTA score and mortality and the incidence of dementia was evaluated. Methods Univariate and multivariate correlations between the FORTA score and activities of daily living (ADL) or instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) as well as comparisons between high vs. low FORTA scores were conducted. Results The FORTA score was significantly correlated with ADL/IADL at baseline and at all follow-up visits (p < 0.0001). ADL/IADL results of participants with a low FORTA score were significantly better than in those with high FORTA scores (p < 0.0001). The FORTA score was also significantly (p < 0.0001) correlated with ADL/IADL in the multivariate analysis. Moreover, the mean FORTA scores of participants with dementia were significantly higher (p < 0.0001) than in those without dementia at follow-up visits 6 through 9. The mean FORTA scores of participants who died were significantly higher than those of survivors at follow-up visits 7 (p < 0.05), 8 (p < 0.001), and 9 (p < 0.001). Conclusion In this study, an association between higher FORTA scores and ADL as well as IADL was demonstrated in community-dwelling older adults. Besides, higher FORTA scores appear to be linked to a higher incidence of dementia and even mortality

Ecological stability of Late Pleistocene-to-Holocene Lesotho, southern Africa, facilitated human upland habitation

Investigation of Homo sapiens’ palaeogeographic expansion into African mountain environments are changing the understanding of our species’ adaptions to various extreme Pleistocene climates and habitats. Here, we present a vegetation and precipitation record from the Ha Makotoko rockshelter in western Lesotho, which extends from ~60,000 to 1,000 years ago. Stable carbon isotope ratios from plant wax biomarkers indicate a constant C3-dominated ecosystem up to about 5,000 years ago, followed by C4 grassland expansion due to increasing Holocene temperatures. Hydrogen isotope ratios indicate a drier, yet stable, Pleistocene and Early Holocene compared to a relatively wet Late Holocene. Although relatively cool and dry, the Pleistocene was ecologically reliable due to generally uniform precipitation amounts, which incentivized persistent habitation because of dependable freshwater reserves that supported rich terrestrial foods and provided prime locations for catching fish

How does Labrador Sea Water enter the deep western boundary current?

Author Posting. © American Meteorological Society, 2008. This article is posted here by permission of American Meteorological Society for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Physical Oceanography 38 (2008): 968-983, doi:10.1175/2007JPO3807.1.Labrador Sea Water (LSW), a dense water mass formed by convection in the subpolar North Atlantic, is an important constituent of the meridional overturning circulation. Understanding how the water mass enters the deep western boundary current (DWBC), one of the primary pathways by which it exits the subpolar gyre, can shed light on the continuity between climate conditions in the formation region and their downstream signal. Using the trajectories of (profiling) autonomous Lagrangian circulation explorer [(P)ALACE] floats, operating between 1996 and 2002, three processes are evaluated for their role in the entry of Labrador Sea Water in the DWBC: 1) LSW is formed directly in the DWBC, 2) eddies flux LSW laterally from the interior Labrador Sea to the DWBC, and 3) a horizontally divergent mean flow advects LSW from the interior to the DWBC. A comparison of the heat flux associated with each of these three mechanisms suggests that all three contribute to the transformation of the boundary current as it transits the Labrador Sea. The formation of LSW directly in the DWBC and the eddy heat flux between the interior Labrador Sea and the DWBC may play leading roles in setting the interannual variability of the exported water mass.We are also grateful to the NSF for their support of this research

Circulation of the North Atlantic Ocean from altimetry and the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment geoid

Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2006. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research 111 (2006): C03005, doi:10.1029/2005JC003128.We discuss the ocean circulation derived from the temporally averaged sea surface height, which is referenced to the recently released geoid from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission (GRACE Gravity Model 02 (GGM02)). The creation of a precise, independent geoid allows for the calculation of the reference gravitational potential undulation surface, which is associated with the resting ocean surface height. This reference height is then removed from the temporally averaged sea surface height, leaving the dynamic ocean topography. At its most basic level the dynamic ocean topography can be related to the ocean's surface circulation through geostrophy. This has previously been impracticable because of large uncertainties in previous estimates of the Earth's geoid. Prior geoids included the temporally averaged sea surface from altimeters as a proxy for the geoid and therefore were unsuitable for calculations of the ocean's circulation. Geoid undulations are calculated from the GRACE geoid and compared to those from the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center and National Imagery and Mapping Agency Joint Earth Geopotential Model (EGM96) geoid. Error estimates are made to assess the accuracy of the new geoid. The deep ocean pressure field is also estimated by combining the calculated dynamic ocean topography with hydrography. Finally, the derived circulation is compared to independent observations of the circulation from sea surface drifters and subsurface floats. It is shown that the GGM02 geoid is significantly more accurate for use in estimating the ocean's circulation.This work was supported by grants NNG04GE95G from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and OCE 01-37122 from the National Science Foundation and the Young Investigator Program award N00014-03-1-0545 from the Office of Naval Research