Is Brazil really a catholic country? What opinions about abortion, sex between individuals who are not married to each other, and homosexuality say about the meaning of catholicism in three Brazilian cities

The idea of being a Catholic country is quite widespread throughout the nation. What does it mean to be Catholic in Brazil? Do Catholics follow the Catholic Doctrine? The objective of this paper is to investigate the relationship between religion and religious involvement (measured by religious affiliation and service attendance) and opinions about abortion, sex between individuals who are not married to each other, and homosexuality in São Paulo, Porto Alegre, and Recife. Data come from the survey “Spirit and Power: A 10-Country Survey of Pentecostals,” carried out in 2006. Results suggest that Brazilian Catholics are a very heterogeneous group with respect to opinions about abortion and sex between individuals who are not married to each other. In addition, service attendance among Catholics and those opinions are strongly correlated, except for the case of homosexuality, a topic which Catholics tend to have the same opinions about, irrespective of their religious involvement. Committed Protestants are, by far and away, the most conservative group.Brazil

Michezo Video: Nairobi’s gamers and the developers who are promoting local content Michezo Vidéo: Les joueurs et les développeurs de Nairobi promouvant le contenu local

In Kenya, the rise of digital technologies and related new media, and an infrastructure able to support them, has seen the emergence of a growing local video games industry and a new generation of Kenyan video game developers, players and promoters. This article focuses upon the particular design strategies employed by young producers of creative digital content for games and the current networks of practice, play and support unfolding around these new gaming technologies. Interviewees for this paper span industry experts and independent artists operating in and beyond the capital city of Nairobi. The article will examine I. Strategies employed by these developers and promoters looking to create and advocate local content, i.e. visual and narrative game environments referencing histories and folklore specific to their cultural context. II. Real or virtual spaces of interaction and networks these games developers, promoters and players operate within - including gaming studios, entertainment parlours, technology hubs, gaming conventions, and online SNS interest groups and video channels - and the ways in which these spaces might support the emergence, development and increased distribution of Kenyan games that incorporate local cultural context and regional folklore. Utilising anthropology models of ethnographic interviews and visual culture methodologies informed by design research methods and trends analysis, we interrogate to what extent the social context and design strategies of these makers results in an expansion or contestation of existing Western gaming narratives

Fecundidade no Rio Grande do Sul entre 1946 e 1960: uma análise utilizando o método dos filhos próprios

Using the own-children methodology and data from the 1960 Brazilian census, the objective of this work is to examine the onset of fertility decline in Brazil through estimative of the Total Fertility Rate (TFR) between 1946 and 1960. This study employs micro-regions from Rio Grande do Sul as unit of analysis, which allows considering demographic and socioeconomic differentials within the state. Rio Grande do Sul was chosen because it was a pioneer in terms of fertility decline in Brazil. Results show that although fertility varies substantially by micro-regions, there was a high-fertility concentration in the north and low-fertility setting in the south (particularly in two micro-regions close to Uruguay) as well as in the micro-regions of Porto Alegre and Santa Cruz do Sul. Results show that fertility was already low in the Porto Alegre micro-region between 1946 and 1960, dropping from 3.6 to 3.2 between 1946-1950 and 1956-1960. It is remarkable that rates were lower than those from Rio de Janeiro city in 1964 (CELADE/CSFC, 1972). Some explanations suggested for such early onset of fertility decline are based on the higher proportion of single and high-educated women, who participated in the labor market, and the low child mortality already observed in 1960 in Porto Alegre. However, our results also reveal that the Porto Alegre micro-region was unable to diffuse its reproductive behavior to Rio Grande Sul and hence, its fertility decline, at least before 1955.Utilizando o Método dos Filhos Próprios e dados do Censo Brasileiro de 1960, o objetivo deste artigo é examinar o início do declínio da fecundidade no Brasil a partir do cálculo das Taxas de Fecundidade Total (TFT) entre 1946 e 1960. Uma contribuição deste trabalho é o uso de microrregiões do Rio Grande do Sul como unidade de análise, o que permite considerar diferenciais demográficos e socioeconômicos dentro do estado. O Rio Grande do Sul foi escolhido porque foi um dos pioneiros no declínio da fecundidade no Brasil. Os resultados mostram que embora a fecundidade varie substancialmente por microrregião, existia uma concentração de altas TFT em microrregiões no norte do estado, e de baixas TFT no sul (particularmente em duas microrregiões que fazem divisa com o Uruguai) e nas microrregiões de Porto Alegre e Santa Cruz do Sul. Os resultados evidenciam que a fecundidade já era baixa na microrregião de Porto Alegre entre 1946 e 1960, declinando de 3,6 para 3,2 entre 1946-1950 e 1956-1960. Estes valores já eram inferiores aos da TFT da cidade do Rio de Janeiro em 1964 (CELADE/CSFC, 1972). Algumas explicações sugeridas para a precoce diminuição da fecundidade na microrregião de Porto Alegre são baseadas na alta proporção de mulheres solteiras, com maior escolaridade e participação no mercado de trabalho, e a baixa mortalidade infanto-juvenil, observadas em 1960. Contudo, nossos achados fornecem evidências de que a microrregião de Porto Alegre não foi capaz de difundir para o restante do estado o seu comportamento reprodutivo diferenciado, e assim o declínio da fecundidade, pelo menos até 1955

Three nested randomized controlled trials of peer only or multiple stakeholder group feedback within Delphi surveys during core outcome and information set development

Top 10 items rated essential in round 1. (DOCX 17 kb

Open a GLAM lab

Defining a GLAM Lab: A Galleries, Libraries, Archives and Museums (GLAM) Lab is a place for experimenting with digital collections and data. It is where researchers, artists, entrepreneurs, educators and the interested public can collaborate with an engaged group of partners to create new collections, tools, and services that will help transform the future ways in which knowledge and culture are disseminated. The exchanges and experimentation in a Lab are open, iterative and shared widely. This book describes why and how to open a GLAM Lab and encourages participation in a movement that can transform organisations and the communities they partner with. Building a GLAM Lab: Building a GLAM Lab involves defining its core values to guide future work, fostering a culture that is open, transparent, generous, collaborative, creative, inclusive, bold, ethical, accessible and encourages a mindset of exploration. The Lab should be grounded in user-centred and participatory design processes and its staff should be able to clearly communicate what the Lab is about. It's important to think big but start small and establish quick wins to get up and running. GLAM Lab teams: There are recommendations for the qualities and skills to look for in Labs teams, how to go about finding allies within and outside the institution, and ideas on how to create a nurturing environment for teams to thrive in. Labs teams have no optimal size or composition, and its team members can come from all walks of life. Teams need a healthy culture to ensure a well-functioning Lab which might be augmented intermittently by fellows, interns or researchers-inresidence. For a Lab to have lasting impact it must be integrated into the parent organisation and have the support of staff at all levels. User communities: GLAM Labs will need to engage and connect with potential users and partners. This means rethinking these relationships to help establish clear and targeted messages for specific communities. In turn, this enables Labs to adjust their tools, services and collections to establish deeper partnerships based on co-creation, and open and equal dialogue. Rethinking collections and Data: The book discusses the digital collections which are an integral part of Labs. It provides insights on how to share the collections as data, and how to identify, assess, describe, access, and reuse the collections. In addition, there is information about messy and curated data, digitisation, metadata, rights and preservation. Transformation: Experimentation is the critical core of the Lab's process. Insights about how to transform tools into operational services are demonstrated. It shows that experimentation can prepare the organisational culture and services for transformation. There is an examination of funding and the advantages and disadvantages of various models through discussion of the different mechanisms and options that an organisation can apply to Lab set-ups. Funding and Sustainability: We share insights on how to plan for a Lab's sustainability as well as a step-by-step guide for when an organisation is retiring or decommissioning a Lab. Labs have a pivotal role in the transformation of GLAMs and the book highlights the critical importance of Labs in changing the future of digital cultural heritage.Funded by UCL Qatar (Mmember of Qatar Foundation) and Qatar University Library. There has also been support from the British Library Labs, and the Library of Congress Labs

Short-term safety outcomes of mastectomy and immediate implant-based breast reconstruction with and without mesh (iBRA): a multicentre, prospective cohort study

Background Use of biological or synthetic mesh might improve outcomes of immediate implant-based breast reconstruction—breast reconstruction with implants or expanders at the time of mastectomy—but there is a lack of high-quality evidence to support the safety or effectiveness of the technique. We aimed to establish the short-term safety of immediate implant-based breast reconstruction performed with and without mesh, to inform the feasibility of undertaking a future randomised clinical trial comparing different breast reconstruction techniques. Methods In this prospective, multicentre cohort study, we consecutively recruited women aged 16 years or older who had any type of immediate implant-based breast reconstruction for malignancy or risk reduction, with any technique, at 81 participating breast and plastic surgical units in the UK. Data about patient demographics and operative, oncological, and complication details were collected before and after surgery. Outcomes of interest were implant loss (defined as unplanned removal of the expander or implant), infection requiring treatment with antibiotics or surgery, unplanned return to theatre, and unplanned re-admission to hospital for complications of reconstructive surgery, up to 3 months after reconstruction and assessed by clinical review or patient self-report. Follow-up is complete. The study is registered with the ISRCTN Registry, number ISRCTN37664281. Findings Between Feb 1, 2014, and June 30, 2016, 2108 patients had 2655 mastectomies with immediate implant-based breast reconstruction at 81 units across the UK. 1650 (78%) patients had planned single-stage reconstructions (including 12 patients who had a different technique per breast). 1376 (65%) patients had reconstruction with biological (1133 [54%]) or synthetic (243 [12%]) mesh, 181 (9%) had non-mesh submuscular or subfascial implants, 440 (21%) had dermal sling implants, 42 (2%) had pre-pectoral implants, and 79 (4%) had other or a combination of implants. 3-month outcome data were available for 2081 (99%) patients. Of these patients, 182 (9%, 95% CI 8–10) experienced implant loss, 372 (18%, 16–20) required re-admission to hospital, and 370 (18%, 16–20) required return to theatre for complications within 3 months of their initial surgery. 522 (25%, 95% CI 23–27) patients required treatment for an infection. The rates of all of these complications are higher than those in the National Quality Standards (<5% for re-operation, re-admission, and implant loss, and <10% for infection). Interpretation Complications after immediate implant-based breast reconstruction are higher than recommended by national standards. A randomised clinical trial is needed to establish the optimal approach to immediate implant-based breast reconstruction

A rhetoric-in-context approach to building commitment to multiple strategic goals

There are still few explanations of the micro-level practices by which top managers influence employee commitment to multiple strategic goals. This paper argues that, through their language, top managers can construct a context for commitment to multiple strategic goals. We therefore propose a rhetoric-in-context approach to illuminate some of the micro practices through which top managers influence employee commitment. Based upon an empirical study of the rhetorical practices through which top managers influence academic commitment to multiple strategic goals in university contexts, we demonstrate relationships between rhetoric and context. Specifically, we show that rhetorical influences over commitment to multiple goals are associated with the historical context for multiple goals, the degree to which top managers' rhetoric instantiates a change in that context, and the internal consistency of the rhetorical practices used by top managers. Copyright © 2007 SAGE Publications

Adherence to best practice consensus guidelines for implant-based breast reconstruction: Results from the iBRA national practice questionnaire survey

Introduction: The 2008 National Mastectomy and Breast Reconstruction Audit demonstrated marked variation in the practice and outcomes of breast reconstruction in the UK. To standardise practice and improve outcomes for patients, the British professional associations developed best-practice guidelines with specific guidance for newer mesh-assisted implant-based techniques. We explored the degree of uptake of best-practice guidelines within units performing implant-based reconstruction (IBBR) as the first phase of the implant Breast Reconstruction Evaluation (iBRA) study. Methods: A questionnaire developed by the iBRA Steering Group was completed by trainee and consultant leads at breast and plastic surgical units across the UK. Simple summary statistics were calculated for each survey item to assess compliance with current best-practice guidelines. Results: 81 units from 79 NHS Trusts completed the questionnaire. Marked variation was observed in adherence to guidelines, especially those relating to clinical governance and infection prevention strategies. Less than half (n = 28, 47%) of units obtained local clinical governance board approval prior to offering new mesh-based techniques and prospective audit of the clinical, cosmetic and patient-reported outcomes of surgery was infrequent. Most units screened for methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus prior to surgery but fewer than 1 in 3 screened for methicillin-sensitive strains. Laminar-flow theatres (recommended for IBBR) were not widely-available with less than 1 in 5 units having regular access. Peri-operative antibiotics were widely-used, but the type and duration were highly-variable. Conclusions: The iBRA national practice questionnaire has demonstrated variation in reported practice and adherence to IBBR guidelines. High-quality evidence is urgently required to inform best practice