O Movimento na poesia de Elizabete Bishop

Orientadora: Professora Doutora Sandra Mara StroparoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Humanas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Letras. Defesa : Curitiba, 28/03/2018Inclui referências: p.229-236Área de concentração: Estudos literáriosResumo: Este trabalho tem por objetivo efetuar um mapeamento da representação do movimento na obra poética da norte-americana Elizabeth Bishop, cuja produção se localiza entre 1927 e 1979, e verificar de que formas o movimento contribui para a formação de sua voz e de seu projeto poético e estético. O recorte escolhido inclui a obra poética da autora, mais especificamente os quatro livros de poesia organizados por ela mesma -North & South (1946), A Cold Spring (1955), Questions of Travel (1965) e Geography III (1976) -, analisado a partir da fortuna crítica crescente sobre sua obra e que vem sendo desenvolvida por autores norte-americanos e brasileiros de crítica literária nas últimas décadas. Buscou-se inicialmente estabelecer, a partir da biografia e do histórico de viagens da autora, qual forma de mobilidade é a mais adequada para caracterizar sua perspectiva, aqui classificada como errante. Após a análise de poemas dos quatro livros mencionados, verificou-se que o movimento tem um papel central para a gênese e o desenvolvimento de sua poética, emergindo de aspectos formais e de conteúdo, cumprindo um papel organizador de um trajeto claramente estabelecido entre a primeira e a última obra, num ciclo que se fecha. Em Bishop, movimento é ritmo, forma, imagem, tema e configura um pressuposto para seu processo de composição. Palavras-chave: Elizabeth Bishop. Movimento. Errância. Poesia Norte-americana.Abstract: This research aims at mapping the representation of movement in the works of the North-American poet Elizabeth Bishop, whose production ranges from 1927 to 1979, and also establish how the idea of movement contributes to her voice and her poetical and aesthetical project. The chosen framework includes the author's poetry, more accurately the four poetry books she has organized herself -North & South (1946), A Cold Spring (1955), Questions of Travel (1965) e Geography III (1976) -, with resource to the rising critical work that has been developed by North-American and Brazilian literary critics in the last decades. At first, we sought to define which is the author's perspective considering the modern approach to mobility in Literature; it was considered to be that of Errantry. After the analysis of poems from the aforementioned books, the importance of movement to the genesis and the development of her poetry was confirmed, as it emerges from her works in formal aspects and content. Movement has an organizing role in a trajectory from the first to the last book, in a full circle. In Bishop's poetry, movement means rhythm, form, imagery, and theme, and configures a presupposition in her composition process. Keywords: Elizabeth Bishop. Movement. Errantry. North-American Poetry

Emerging challenges of urban and rural population distribution in the world: a global and European overview of urban growth

Este trabajo tiene por objeto efectuar una primera aproximación a la realidad de los procesos urbanizadores y sus problemáticas asociadas. Haremos hincapié en el despoblamiento del mundo rural a través del análisis de la evolución del crecimiento de la población y su desigual distribución desde la segunda mitad del siglo XX hasta la actualidad en el mundo y en Europa. El objetivo principal de la investigación es realizar un estudio de la situación actual de los desequilibrios demográficos, indagando la tendencia histórica del despoblamiento rural y poniendo de relevancia sus causas, consecuencias y posibles soluciones. La despoblación del medio rural se plantea como un proceso global, de gran complejidad y con implicaciones sociales y económicas de enormes proporciones en las sociedades actuales, de tal forma que representa ya hoy uno de los grandes retos a los que se enfrentan estas a escala internacional.The aim of this work is to make a first approximation to the reality of urbanization processes and their associated problems. We will emphasizethe depopulation of the rural world through the analysis of the evolution of population growth and its unequal distribution from the second halfof the 20th century to the present in the world and Europe. The main objective of the research is to carry out a study of the current situationof demographic imbalances, investigating the historical trend of rural depopulation and highlighting its causes, consequences and possiblesolutions. The depopulation of the rural environment is considered a global process, of great complexity and with social and economicimplications of enormous proportions in today’s societies, in such a way that it already represents today one of the great challenges theyface on an international scale.peerReviewe

SINGLE-CELL sequencing workflow to study cellular composition and cell type specific expression profiles of human Cerebral Organoids

IBRO 11th World Congress of Neuroscience. Granada (Spain). 9-13 September 2023.Human cerebral organoid culture is a technology with immense potential in the areas of developmental neurobiology and neurodegeneration for example to study cell types, mechanisms involved, to discover of new biomarkers, to propose specific therapeutic strategies or to study the effects of compound-induced toxicity. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) is a promising technology that will help to define the identity of the cerebral organoids and to understand cellular composition and cell type specific expression profiles. Standardization of workflows to do the scRNA-seq analysis is an important means to improve the use of this technology. We present the workflow and results of the scRNA-seq performed for cerebral organoids generated from the AND-2 cell line of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). Dissociated cerebral organoid samples were loaded on the 10X Chromium and single cell libraries were prepared according to 10X Genomics standard procedures and sequenced on the Novaseq sequencer (Illumina).The data were checked and aligned to the GRCh38 human reference genome with CellRanger v6.0.2 and analyzed with Seurat v4.0. After quality filtering and data normalization with the SCTransform function, we performed Principal component analysis (PCA) using the highly variable genes, built a Shared Nearest Neighbor (SNN) graph using the Louvain method. To visualize data, Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection (UMAP) dimensional reduction was performed. The identities of the cell clusters were assigned using the expression of genes specific of each cell type. We annotate in the AND2 cerebral organoids clusters for intermediate progenitor cells, astrocytes, oligodendrocyte precursor cells, excitatory neurons, inhibitory neurons, and mesodermal cells. We find also some cells in these organoids with expression of endothelial and microglial gene markers. Enrichment analysis of the highly variable differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was utilized to characterize the assigned cell types with Gene Ontology (GO), PanglaoDB and Cellmarker databases.S

Cognitive impairment induced by delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol occurs through heteromers between cannabinoid CB1 and serotonin 5-HT2A receptors

Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the main psychoactive compound of marijuana, induces numerous undesirable effects, including memory impairments, anxiety, and dependence. Conversely, THC also has potentially therapeutic effects, including analgesia, muscle relaxation, and neuroprotection. However, the mechanisms that dissociate these responses are still not known. Using mice lacking the serotonin receptor 5-HT2A, we revealed that the analgesic and amnesic effects of THC are independent of each other: while amnesia induced by THC disappears in the mutant mice, THC can still promote analgesia in these animals. In subsequent molecular studies, we showed that in specific brain regions involved in memory formation, the receptors for THC and the 5-HT2A receptors work together by physically interacting with each other. Experimentally interfering with this interaction prevented the memory deficits induced by THC, but not its analgesic properties. Our results highlight a novel mechanism by which the beneficial analgesic properties of THC can be dissociated from its cognitive side effects

Nuevas terapias dirigidas para el tratamiento del cáncer

El cáncer es el término que se utiliza para englobar un conjunto de enfermedades que se caracterizan por el crecimiento descontrolado de células alteradas molecularmente por mutaciones o modificaciones epigenéticas.En la presente revisión describimos algunas terapias dirigidas que se están utilizando actualmente en clínic

Competencia digital, alfabetización mediática y formación del profesorado: vinculación de la teoría y la práctica a través de la colaboración inter-nivelar

Depto. de Estudios EducativosFac. de EducaciónFALSEsubmitte

O Movimento na poesia de Elizabete Bishop

Orientadora: Professora Doutora Sandra Mara StroparoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Humanas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Letras. Defesa : Curitiba, 28/03/2018Inclui referências: p.229-236Área de concentração: Estudos literáriosResumo: Este trabalho tem por objetivo efetuar um mapeamento da representação do movimento na obra poética da norte-americana Elizabeth Bishop, cuja produção se localiza entre 1927 e 1979, e verificar de que formas o movimento contribui para a formação de sua voz e de seu projeto poético e estético. O recorte escolhido inclui a obra poética da autora, mais especificamente os quatro livros de poesia organizados por ela mesma -North & South (1946), A Cold Spring (1955), Questions of Travel (1965) e Geography III (1976) -, analisado a partir da fortuna crítica crescente sobre sua obra e que vem sendo desenvolvida por autores norte-americanos e brasileiros de crítica literária nas últimas décadas. Buscou-se inicialmente estabelecer, a partir da biografia e do histórico de viagens da autora, qual forma de mobilidade é a mais adequada para caracterizar sua perspectiva, aqui classificada como errante. Após a análise de poemas dos quatro livros mencionados, verificou-se que o movimento tem um papel central para a gênese e o desenvolvimento de sua poética, emergindo de aspectos formais e de conteúdo, cumprindo um papel organizador de um trajeto claramente estabelecido entre a primeira e a última obra, num ciclo que se fecha. Em Bishop, movimento é ritmo, forma, imagem, tema e configura um pressuposto para seu processo de composição. Palavras-chave: Elizabeth Bishop. Movimento. Errância. Poesia Norte-americana.Abstract: This research aims at mapping the representation of movement in the works of the North-American poet Elizabeth Bishop, whose production ranges from 1927 to 1979, and also establish how the idea of movement contributes to her voice and her poetical and aesthetical project. The chosen framework includes the author's poetry, more accurately the four poetry books she has organized herself -North & South (1946), A Cold Spring (1955), Questions of Travel (1965) e Geography III (1976) -, with resource to the rising critical work that has been developed by North-American and Brazilian literary critics in the last decades. At first, we sought to define which is the author's perspective considering the modern approach to mobility in Literature; it was considered to be that of Errantry. After the analysis of poems from the aforementioned books, the importance of movement to the genesis and the development of her poetry was confirmed, as it emerges from her works in formal aspects and content. Movement has an organizing role in a trajectory from the first to the last book, in a full circle. In Bishop's poetry, movement means rhythm, form, imagery, and theme, and configures a presupposition in her composition process. Keywords: Elizabeth Bishop. Movement. Errantry. North-American Poetry

Evolution of the distribution of the urban and rural population: A portrait of empty spain

Este trabajo tiene por objeto efectuar una primera aproximación a la realidad de la España vaciada y el proceso de despoblación gradual que han sufrido los territorios a los que dicho término se refiere, el cual se ha intensificado desde la Crisis Financiera Global. Hacemos hincapié en el despoblamiento del mundo rural a través del análisis de la evolución del crecimiento de la población y su desigual distribución desde la segunda mitad del siglo XX hasta la actualidad. El objetivo principal de la investigación es realizar un estudio de la situación actual de los desequilibrios demográficos en España. Ello tiene implicaciones sociales y económicas evidentes, representando hoy uno de los grandes retos a los que se enfrentan los países y al cual los gobiernos deben prestar atención, diseñando los mecanismos efectivos para dar la vuelta a una situación que crea dinámicas en muchos ámbitos insostenibles.The purpose of this paper is to make a first approximation to the reality of emptied Spain and the process of gradual depopulation suffered by the territories to which this term refers, which has intensified since the Global Financial Crisis. We emphasize the depopulation of the rural world through the analysis of the evolution of population growth and its unequal distribution from the second half of the 20th century to the present. The main objective of the research is to carry out a study of the current situation of demographic imbalances in Spain. This has evident social and economic implications, representing today one of the great challenges that countries face and to which governments must pay attention, designing effective mechanisms to turn around a situation that creates dynamics in many unsustainable areas.peerReviewe

Synergy between sphingosine 1-phosphate and lipopolysaccharide signaling promotes an inflammatory, angiogenic and osteogenic response in human aortic valve interstitial cells

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.Given that the bioactive lipid sphingosine 1-phosphate is involved in cardiovascular pathophysiology, and since lipid accumulation and inflammation are hallmarks of calcific aortic stenosis, the role of sphingosine 1-phosphate on the pro-inflammatory/pro-osteogenic pathways in human interstitial cells from aortic and pulmonary valves was investigated. Realtime PCR showed sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor expression in aortic valve interstitial cells. Exposure of cells to sphingosine 1-phosphate induced pro-inflammatory responses characterized by interleukin-6, interleukin-8, and cyclooxygenase-2 up-regulations, as observed by ELISA and Western blot. Strikingly, cell treatment with sphingosine 1-phosphate plus lipopolysaccharide resulted in the synergistic induction of cyclooxygenase-2, and intercellular adhesion molecule 1, as well as the secretion of prostaglandin E2, the soluble form of the intercellular adhesion molecule 1, and the pro-angiogenic factor vascular endothelial growth factor-A. Remarkably, the synergistic effect was significantly higher in aortic valve interstitial cells from stenotic than control valves, and was drastically lower in cells from pulmonary valves, which rarely undergo stenosis. siRNA and pharmacological analysis revealed the involvement of sphingosine 1-phosphate receptors 1/3 and Toll-like receptor-4, and downstream signaling through p38/MAPK, protein kinase C, and NF-kB. As regards pro-osteogenic pathways, sphingosine 1-phosphate induced calcium deposition and the expression of the calcification markers bone morphogenetic protein-2 and alkaline phosphatase, and enhanced the effect of lipopolysaccharide, an effect that was partially blocked by inhibition of sphingosine 1-phosphate receptors 3/2 signaling. In conclusion, the interplay between sphingosine 1-phosphate receptors and Toll-like receptor 4 signaling leads to a cooperative up-regulation of inflammatory, angiogenic, and osteogenic pathways in aortic valve interstitial cells that seems relevant to the pathogenesis of aortic stenosis and may allow the inception of new therapeutic approaches.This study was supported by grants from Spanish Ministry of Science, Plan Nacional de Salud y Farmacia SAF2006/08031 (co-funded by European FEDER-FSE2000/2006), and SAF2009/08692; Junta de Castilla y León (Regional Funding) BIO39/VA28/10 and GR230; Fundación Caja Burgos 2010; and the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Spanish Ministry of Health): FIS PI11/00264, RECAVA network. IFP was a fellow from the FPI Program (Ministry of Science). AID was a Miguel Servet researcher (ISCIII).Peer Reviewe

Viral and bacterial patterns induce TLR-mediated sustained inflammation and calcification in aortic valve interstitial cells

[Background]: Aortic stenosis shares some ethiopathological features with atherosclerosis and increasing evidence links Toll-like receptors (TLRs) to atherogenesis. [Methods]: TLR-mediated inflammation and osteogenesis were investigated in human interstitial cells isolated from stenotic and non-stenotic aortic valves. TLR expression and signalling were evaluated by quantitative RT-PCR, flow cytometry, Western blot analysis, ELISA, and cytokine arrays. Osteogenesis was evaluated by measuring alkaline phosphatase activity. [Results]: Interstitial cells from control valves express most TLRs, being TLR4 the most abundant, whereas cells from stenotic valves express higher TLR4 and TLR2 and lower TLR5 and TLR9 transcript levels. When pro-inflammatory pathways were analyzed, we observed that TLR4, TLR2 and TLR3 ligands induced an early activation of NF-κB and p38 MAPK activation in cells from control and stenotic valves. Strikingly, when TLRs sensing viral patterns were studied, a sustained TLR3-mediated activation of NF-κB, a κB-independent induction of catalytically active cyclooxigenase (COX)-2 and ICAM-1 expression, and induction of expression of several chemokines were observed. TLR4, but not TLR2, engagement produced a similar but NF-κB-dependent effect. Moreover, TLR3 and TLR4 agonists induced alkaline phosphatase expression and activity. [Conclusions]: Exposure of aortic valve interstitial cells to viral and Gram-negative bacteria molecular patterns induces distinct and long-term TLR-mediated pro-inflammatory and pro-osteogenic responses that might be relevant to the pathogenesis of degenerative aortic stenosis.This study was supported by Red Recava from Instituto de Salud Carlos III, and grants from CNIC-Translational CNIC-09-2007, Junta de Castilla y León HUV03A08, BIO39/VA28/10 and GR230; grants from Plan Nacional de Salud y Farmacia SAF2006/08031 (co-funded by FEDER-FSE2000/ 2006), and SAF2009/08692. MIFP is a fellow from the FPI Program, Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología. A.I.D. is a researcher from the Miguel Servet Program, Instituto de Salud Carlos III.Peer Reviewe