Diversidad y estructura de un robledal en la reserva biológica Cachalú, Encino (Santander­Colombia)

We analyzed diversity, structure and preliminary plant dynamics features (mortality and recruitment) of a one ha permanent plot in an oak forest, at the Reserva Biológica Cachalú, at an altitude of between 2100 and 2200 m. The plot was established in 2007, when all plant individuals with dbh 10 cm (irst category) were tagged, measured and plotted. All individuals 1 and 10 cm dbh (second category) were sampled in an area of 0.2 ha within the plot. In the last census (July 2009), we found 453 individuals, 23 families, 26 genera and 34 species from the irst Category and 624 individuals, 34 families, 60 genera and 80 species from the second. The species-area curve showed a value of R2= 0.97. According to the structure analysis, most of the individuals, mainly treelets, were accumulated in the irst diameter, showing an up-turned "J" distribution, which illustrates early forest stages. Between the plot establishment and the irst census (1.5 yr) the basal area of the irst category decreased 1.61% while the second increased 36.6%. The most important species according to IVI were Quercus humboldtii, Clusia schomburgkiana and Blakea cuatrecasii. Mortality and recruitment rates for the irst category were 0.96% y 1%, respectively and in the second category these values were 2.8% y 12.2% respectively. During 1.5 yr new gaps appeared within the plot, which is associated with the decrease in total basal area. Despite high similarity in species composition compared with other neotropical montane forests, the dynamics and structure of the community in the present study appear to be distinct.Se analiza la diversidad, la estructura y los aspectos relacionados con la dinámica (datos preliminares de mortalidad y de reclutamiento) de un robledal, provenientes de una parcela permanente de 1 ha, en la Reserva Biológica Cachalú, entre 2100 y 2200 m de altitud. Durante el establecimiento en el 2007 se marcaron, midieron y mapearon los individuos con DAP10 cm (primera categoría), y en 0.2 ha con 1 DAP 10 cm (segunda categoría). Durante el primer censo (julio de 2009) se encontraron 453 individuos, 34 especies, 26 géneros y 23 familias en la primera categoría y 624 individuos, 80 especies, 60 géneros y 34 familias en la segunda. La curva especies-área mostró un valor R2=0.97. En estructura, la distribución de diámetros tuvo una evidente acumulación de individuos en las primeras clases de tamaño que en su mayoría corresponden a arbolitos, mostrando una distribución de "J" invertida, lo cual evidencia los estados tempranos de crecimiento del bosque. Entre el establecimiento y el primer censo realizado (1.5 años) se encontró que el área basal disminuyó 1.61% (13.99 m2ha-1 a 13.76 m2ha-1) en la primera categoría y aumentó 36.96% (0.51 a 0.70 m2) en la segunda. Las especies más importantes de acuerdo al IVI fueron Quercus humboldtii, Clusia schomburgkiana y Blakea cuatrecasii. Las tasas de mortalidad y reclutamiento fueron de 0.96% y 1%, en la primera categoría y de 2.80% y 12.20% en la segunda. Durante este periodo de tiempo se presentaron nuevos claros en la parcela, lo cual se releja en la disminución del área basal total. A pesar de la similitud lorística del robledal estudiado con otros bosques montanos neotropicales, diieren algunas características estructura y de dinámica

Effectiveness of psychological and educational interventions for the prevention of depression in the workplace: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Objectives Psychological and educational interventions for the prevention of depression have a small-to-moderate effect. However, little is known about their effectiveness in the workplace. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of such interventions through a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCT). Methods We searched PubMed, PsycINFO, EMBASE, CENTRAL, CIS-DOC and Open Grey for RCT. Search was supplemented with manual searches of reference lists of relevant meta-analyses and trials. We included RCT that assessed either the incidence of depression or the reduction of depressive symptoms, which excluded participants with baseline depression. Measurements were required to have been made using validated instruments and participants recruited in the workplace. Independent evaluators selected studies, evaluated risk bias (Cochrane Collaboration’s tool) and extracted from RCT. The combined OR was estimated using the fixed-effects model. Heterogeneity was measured by I2 and Cochrane’s Q. Results Of the 1963 abstracts reviewed, 69 were selected for review in fulltext. Only three RCT met our inclusion criteria, representing 1246 workers from three different countries and continents. The combined odds ratio was 0.25 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.11–0.60, P=0.002]; I2=0% and Q=0.389 (P=0.823). The risk of bias was low in one RCT and moderate and high in the other two, respectively. Conclusion Psychological or educational interventions in the workplace may prevent depression, although the quality of evidence was low

Bibliometric analysis of scientific production in environmental accounting

La literatura académica tiene décadas de abordar el concepto y contexto que engloba la contabilidad ambiental, con lo cual, exige un monitoreo riguroso y continuo de su evidencia científica. El objetivo del manuscrito fue analizar la producción científica mundial relacionada con la contabilidad medioambiental a fin de evaluar el contexto y el comportamiento de sus contribuciones, viabilizando así la planificación y ejecución de futuras investigaciones. Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica utilizando la base de datos de Web of Science. Se identificaron un total de 299 documentos publicados, la modalidad de publicación, los países mayormente productivos, las revistas científicas, las instituciones más productivas e indicadores de citación e impacto. Se encontró que Australia ocupa el primer lugar con 50 documentos publicados. A su vez, se identifica a Victoria University Wellington como la institución que presenta mayor liderazgo respecto al número de publicaciones. El número total de citas de todas las publicaciones fue de 11.411. Se puede concluir que existe un crecimiento exponencial de la producción científica, siendo la última década la de mayor producción, destacando países como Australia, Estados Unidos e Inglaterra, donde las publicaciones tuvieron un impacto relativamente alto al estar alojados en revistas de cuartil (Q1 y Q2) del Scimago Journal Rank.Academic literature has decades of addressing the concept and context that encompasses environmental accounting, thus requiring rigorous and continuous monitoring of its scientific evidence. The aim of the manuscript was to analyze the global scientific production related to environmental accounting in order to assess the context and behavior of its contributions, thus enabling the planning and execution of future research. A literature search was conducted using the Web of Science database. A total of 299 published documents were identified, as well as the publication modality, the most productive countries, the scientific journals, the most productive institutions, and citation and impact indicators. Australia was found to occupy the first place with 50 published papers. In turn, Victoria University Wellington was identified as the institution with the highest number of publications. The total number of citations of all publications was 11,411. It can be concluded that there is an exponential growth of scientific production, being the last decade the one with the highest production, highlighting countries such as Australia, the United States and England, where publications had a relatively high impact as they are housed in quartile journals (Q1 and Q2) of the Scimago Journal Rank.A literatura acadêmica tem décadas para abordar o conceito e o contexto que engloba a contabilidade ambiental, exigindo assim um rigoroso e contínuo monitoramento de suas evidências científicas. O objetivo do manuscrito era analisar a produção científica global relacionada à contabilidade ambiental a fim de avaliar o contexto e o desempenho de suas contribuições, possibilitando assim o planejamento e a execução de pesquisas futuras. Foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica utilizando o banco de dados da Web of Science. Foram identificados 299 artigos publicados, o modo de publicação, os países mais produtivos, as revistas mais produtivas, as instituições mais produtivas e os indicadores de citação e impacto. A Austrália ficou em primeiro lugar com 50 artigos publicados. Por sua vez, a Victoria University Wellington foi identificada como a instituição líder em termos de número de publicações. O número total de citações de todas as publicações foi de 11.411. Pode-se concluir que há um crescimento exponencial na produção científica, sendo a última década a de maior produção, destacando-se países como Austrália, Estados Unidos e Inglaterra, onde as publicações tiveram um impacto relativamente alto por estarem alojadas em periódicos quartis (Q1 e Q2) do Scimago Journal Rank

Effectiveness of online psychological and psychoeducational interventions to prevent depression:Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Although evidence exists for the efficacy of interventions to prevent depression, little is known about its prevention through online interventions. We aim to assess the effectiveness of online psychological and psychoeducational interventions to prevent depression in heterogeneous populations. A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted based on literature searches in eight electronic data bases and other sources from inception to 22 July 2019. Of the 4181 abstracts reviewed, 501 were selected for full-text review, and 21 RCTs met the inclusion criteria, representing 10,134 participants from 11 countries and four continents. The pooled SMD was −0·26 (95%CI: −0·36 to −0·16; p < 0.001) and sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of this result. We did not find publication bias but there was substantial heterogeneity (I2 = 72%; 95%CI, 57% to 82%). A meta-regression including three variables explained 81% of the heterogeneity. Indicated prevention and interactive website delivery were statistically associated with higher effectiveness, and no association was observed with risk of bias. Online psychological and psychoeducational interventions have a small effect in reducing depressive symptoms in non-depressed and varied populations, and the quality of evidence is moderate. Given that these types of interventions are very accessible and can be applied on a wide scale, they should be further developed and implemented. Registration details: Registration number (PROSPERO): CRD42014014804

Online psycho-education to the treatment of bipolar disorder: protocol of a randomized controlled trial

Background: Bipolar disorder patients frequently present recurrent episodes and often experience subsyndromal symptoms, cognitive impairment and difficulties in functioning, with a low quality of life, illness relapses and recurrent hospitalization. Early diagnosis and appropriate intervention may play a role in preventing neuroprogression in this disorder. New technologies represent an opportunity to develop standardized psychological treatments using internet-based tools that overcome some of the limitations of face-to-face treatments, in that they are readily accessible and the timing of therapy can be tailored to user needs and availability. However, although many psychological programs are offered through the web and mobile devices for bipolar disorder, there is a lack of high quality evidence concerning their efficacy and effectiveness due to the great variability in measures and methodology used. Methods: This clinical trial is a simple-blind randomized trial within a European project to compare an internet-based intervention with treatment as usual. Bipolar disorder patients are to be included and randomly assigned to one of two groups: 1) the experimental group (tele-care support) and 2) the control group. Participants in both groups will be evaluated at baseline (pre-treatment) and post-treatment. Discussion: This study describes the design of a clinical trial based on psychoeducation intervention that may have a significant impact on both prognosis and treatment in bipolar disorder. Specifically, bringing different services together (service aggregation), it is hoped that the approach proposed will significantly increase the impact of information and communication technologies on access and adherence to treatment, quality of the service, patient safety, patient and professional satisfaction, and quality of life of patients.This study has received funding from the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement No 604691

Effectiveness of a universal personalized intervention for the prevention of anxiety disorders: Protocol of a randomized controlled trial (the prevANS project)

Background: To date, all preventive anxiety disorders interventions are one-fit-all and none of them are based on individual level and risk profile. The aim of this project is to design, develop and evaluate an online personalized intervention based on a risk algorithm for the universal prevention of anxiety disorders in the general population. Methods: A randomized controlled trial (RCT) with two parallel arms (prevANS vs usual care) and 1-year follow- up including 2000 participants without anxiety disorders from Spain and Portugal will be conducted. The prevANS intervention will be self-guided and can be implemented from the prevANS web or from the participants' Smartphone (through an App). The prevANS intervention will have different intensities depending on the risk level of the population, evaluated from the risk algorithm for anxiety: predictA. Both low and moderate-high risk participants will receive information on their level and profile (risk factors) of anxiety disorders, will have access to stress management tools and psychoeducational information periodically. In addition, participants with a moderate-high risk of anxiety disorders will also have access to cognitive-behavioral training (problem-solving, decision-making, communication skills, and working with thoughts). The control group will not receive any intervention, but they will fill out the same questionnaires as the intervention group. Assessments will be completed at baseline, 6 and 12-month follow-up. The primary outcome is the cumulative incidence of anxiety disorders. Secondary outcomes include depressive and anxiety symptoms, risk probability of anxiety disorders (predictA algorithm) and depression (predictD algorithm), improvement in physical and mental quality of life, and acceptability and satisfaction with the intervention. In addition, cost-effectiveness and cost-utility analyses will also be carried out from two perspectives, societal and health system, and analyses of mediators and moderators will also be performedSpanish Ministry of Health, the Institute of Health Carlos III, co-funded by the European Social Fund “Investing in your future” (grant references: CP19/00056), and the Chronicity, Primary Care and Health Promotion Research Network ‘RICAPPS’ (RD21/0016/0012); and Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, the State Investigation Agency (PID2020-119652RA-l00). These funding sources had no role in the design of this study and will not have any role during its execution, analyses, interpretation of the data, or decision to submit resultsS

Long-term safety of OnabotulinumtoxinA treatment in chronic migraine patients: a five-year retrospective study

Background: Real-world studies have shown the sustained therapeutic effect and favourable safety profile of OnabotulinumtoxinA (BoNTA) in the long term and up to 4 years of treatment in chronic migraine (CM). This study aims to assess the safety profile and efficacy of BoNTA in CM after 5 years of treatment in a real-life setting. Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review of patients with CM in relation to BoNTA treatment for more than 5 years in 19 Spanish headache clinics. We excluded patients who discontinued treatment due to lack of efficacy or poor tolerability. Results: 489 patients were included [mean age 49, 82.8% women]. The mean age of onset of migraine was 21.8 years; patients had CM with a mean of 6.4 years (20.8% fulfilled the aura criteria). At baseline, patients reported a mean of 24.7 monthly headache days (MHDs) and 15.7 monthly migraine days (MMDs). In relation to effectiveness, the responder rate was 59.1% and the mean reduction in MMDs was 9.4 days (15.7 to 6.3 days; p < 0.001). The MHDs were also reduced by 14.9 days (24.7 to 9.8 days; p < 0.001). Regarding the side effects, 17.5% experienced neck pain, 17.3% headache, 8.5% eyelid ptosis, 7.5% temporal muscle atrophy and 3.2% trapezius muscle atrophy. Furthermore, after longer-term exposure exceeding 5 years, there were no serious adverse events (AE) or treatment discontinuation because of safety or tolerability issues. Conclusion: Treatment with BoNTA led to sustained reductions in migraine frequency, even after long-term exposure exceeding 5 years, with no evidence of new safety concerns

Supplementation with a new standardized extract of green and black tea exerts antiadipogenic effects and prevents insulin resistance in mice with metabolic syndrome

Insulin resistance is one of the main characteristics of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and the main cause of the development of type II diabetes. The high prevalence of this syndrome in recent decades has made it necessary to search for preventive and therapeutic agents, ideally of natural origin, with fewer side effects than conventional pharmacological treatments. Tea is widely known for its medicinal properties, including beneficial effects on weight management and insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to analyze whether a standardized extract of green and black tea (ADM® Complex Tea Extract (CTE)) prevents the development of insulin resistance in mice with MetS. For this purpose, C57BL6/J mice were fed for 20 weeks with a standard diet (Chow), a diet with 56% kcal from fat and sugar (HFHS) or an HFHS diet supplemented with 1.6% CTE. CTE supplementation reduced body weight gain, adiposity and circulating leptin levels. Likewise, CTE also exerted lipolytic and antiadipogenic effects in 3T3-L1 adipocyte cultures and in the C. elegans model. Regarding insulin resistance, CTE supplementation significantly increased plasma adiponectin concentrations and reduced the circulating levels of insulin and the HOMA-IR. Incubation of liver, gastrocnemius muscle and retroperitoneal adipose tissue explants with insulin increased the pAkt/Akt ratio in mice fed with Chow and HFHS + CTE but not in those fed only with HFHS. The greater activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway in response to insulin in mice supplemented with CTE was associated with a decrease in the expression of the proinflammatory markers Mcp-1, IL-6, IL-1β or Tnf-α and with an overexpression of the antioxidant enzymes Sod-1, Gpx-3, Ho-1 and Gsr in these tissues. Moreover, in skeletal muscle, mice treated with CTE showed increased mRNA levels of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ahr), Arnt and Nrf2, suggesting that the CTE’s insulin-sensitizing effects could be the result of the activation of this pathway. In conclusion, supplementation with the standardized extract of green and black tea CTE reduces body weight gain, exerts lipolytic and antiadipogenic effects and reduces insulin resistance in mice with MetS through its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effect

Exploiting oxidative phosphorylation to promote the stem and immunoevasive properties of pancreatic cancer stem cells

© The Author(s) 2020Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), the fourth leading cause of cancer death, has a 5-year survival rate of approximately 7–9%. The ineffectiveness of anti-PDAC therapies is believed to be due to the existence of a subpopulation of tumor cells known as cancer stem cells (CSCs), which are functionally plastic, and have exclusive tumorigenic, chemoresistant and metastatic capacities. Herein, we describe a 2D in vitro system for long-term enrichment of pancreatic CSCs that is amenable to biological and CSC-specific studies. By changing the carbon source from glucose to galactose in vitro, we force PDAC cells to utilize OXPHOS, resulting in enrichment of CSCs defined by increased CSC biomarker and pluripotency gene expression, greater tumorigenic potential, induced but reversible quiescence, increased OXPHOS activity, enhanced invasiveness, and upregulated immune evasion properties. This CSC enrichment method can facilitate the discovery of new CSC-specific hallmarks for future development into targets for PDAC-based therapies.We acknowledge and thank Dr. Nuria Malats and Jaime Villarreal from the Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO) for RNA sequencing and analysis, funded by Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias (FIS) grant PI18/01347. We thank Patricia Sánchez-Tomero and Marina Ochando-Garmendia for technical assistance and support and Dr. Raúl Sánchez Lanzas for assistance with autophagy experiments. We want to particularly acknowledge the patients and the BioBank Hospital Ramón y Cajal-IRYCIS (PT13/0010/0002) integrated in the Spanish National Biobanks Network for its collaboration and, in particular, Adrián Povo Retana for macrophage isolation. We would also like to thank the Transmission Electron Microscopy Unit Laboratory, part of the UAM Interdepartmental Investigation Service (SIdI); Coral Pedrero for exceptional help with in vivo experiments; and the laboratories of Dr. Amparo Cano and Dr. José González Castaño for reagents and helpful discussions. S.V. was a recipient of an Ayuda de Movilidad del Personal Investigador del IRYCIS, a mobility grant from the Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain, and a pre-doctoral fellowship from the Comunidad de Madrid, Ayudas Para La Contratación De Investigadores Predoctorales Y Posdoctorales (PEJD-2017-PRE/BMD-5062), Madrid, Spain. This study was supported by a Rámon y Cajal Merit Award (RYC-2012-12104) from the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Spain (to B.S.); funding from la Beca Carmen Delgado/Miguel Pérez-Mateo from AESPANC-ACANPAN Spain (to B.S.); a Conquer Cancer Now Grant from the Concern Foundation (Los Angeles, CA, USA) (to B.S.); a Coordinated grant (GC16173694BARB) from the Fundación Asociación Española Contra el Cáncer (AECC) (to B.S.); FIS grants PI18/00757 (to B.S.), PI16/00789 (to M.A.F.-M.), PI18/00267 (to L.G.-B.; co-financed through Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) “Una manera de hacer Europa”); a Miguel Servet award (CP16/00121) (to P.S.); a Max Eder Fellowship of the German Cancer Aid (111746) (to P.C.H.); and the German Research Foundation (DFG, CRC 1279 “Exploiting the human peptidome for Novel Antimicrobial and Anticancer Agents”; to P.C.H.)