34 research outputs found
General impossible operations in quantum information
We prove a general limitation in quantum information that unifies the
impossibility principles such as no-cloning and no-anticloning. Further, we
show that for an unknown qubit one cannot design a universal Hadamard gate for
creating equal superposition of the original and its complement state.
Surprisingly, we find that Hadamard transformations exist for an unknown qubit
chosen either from the polar or equatorial great circles. Also, we show that
for an unknown qubit one cannot design a universal unitary gate for creating
unequal superpositions of the original and its complement state. We discuss why
it is impossible to design a controlled-NOT gate for two unknown qubits and
discuss the implications of these limitations.Comment: 15 pages, no figures, Discussion about personal quantum computer
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Niemann-Pick disease, type B with TRAP-positive storage cells and secondary sea blue histiocytosis
We present 2 cases of Niemann Pick disease, type B with secondary sea-blue histiocytosis. Strikingly, in both cases the Pick cells were positive for tartrate resistant acid phosphatase, a finding hitherto described only in Gaucher cells. This report highlights the importance of this finding as a potential cytochemical diagnostic pitfall in the diagnosis of Niemann Pick disease
Pathologic Splenic Rupture in a Patient with Follicular Lymphoma
A middle aged man presented with abdominal pain and fever, with progressive dyspnea for the past one week. He had generalized lymphadenopathy with hepatosplenomegaly and a left sided pleural effusion on admission. Further evaluation revealed that he had lymphocytosis on peripheral blood. He then developed increasing abdominal pain and fall in hemoglobin which was confirmed on imaging to be due to a splenic rupture and he underwent a splenectomy. The diagnosis on lymph node biopsy and peripheral blood immunophenotyping was grade 1 follicular lymphoma. He has completed his 6 cycles of chemotherapy (R-CVP) and is on maintenance rituximab and doing well. The case highlights the fact that splenic rupture can even be caused by indolent lymphomas
Common origin of no-cloning and no-deleting principles - Conservation of information
We discuss the role of the notion of information in the description of
physical reality. We consider theories for which dynamics is linear with
respect to stochastic mixing. We point out that the no-cloning and no-deleting
principles emerge in any such theory, if law of conservation of information is
valid, and two copies contain more information than one copy. We then describe
the quantum case from this point of view.Comment: This paper is dedicated to Asher Peres on the occasion of his
seventieth birthda
SU(5) Unified Theories from Intersecting Branes
We discuss the first string theory examples of three generation
non-supersymmetric SU(5) and {\em flipped} SU(5) GUTS, which break to the
Standard model at low energy, without extra matter and/or gauge group factors.
Our GUT examples are based on IIA orientifolds with D6-branes
intersecting at non-trivial angles. These theories necessarily satisfy RR
tadpoles and are free of NSNS tadpoles as the complex structure moduli are
frozen (even though a dilaton tadpole remains) to discrete values. We identify
appropriately the bifundamental Higgses responsible for electroweak symmetry
breaking. In this way, the neutrino see-saw mechanism get nicely realized in
these constructions. Moreover, as baryon number is not a gauged symmetry gauge
mediated dimension six operators do contribute to proton decay; however proton
lifetime may be safely enhanced by appropriately choosing a high GUT scale. An
accompanying natural doublet-triplet splitting guarantees the suppression of
scalar mediated proton decay modes and the stability of triplet scalar masses
against higher dimensional non-renormalizable operators.Comment: 26 pages, 5 figures; no changes, one comment added in the
introductio
Search for the Lepton Flavor Violation Processes and
The lepton flavor violation processes and are
searched for using a sample of 5.8 events collected with
the BESII detector. Zero and one candidate events, consistent with the
estimated background, are observed in and
decays, respectively. Upper limits on the branching ratios are determined to be
and at the 90% confidence level (C.L.).Comment: 9 pages, 2 figure
Mapping geographical inequalities in childhood diarrhoeal morbidity and mortality in low-income and middle-income countries, 2000–17 : analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
Background
Across low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), one in ten deaths in children younger than 5 years is attributable to diarrhoea. The substantial between-country variation in both diarrhoea incidence and mortality is attributable to interventions that protect children, prevent infection, and treat disease. Identifying subnational regions with the highest burden and mapping associated risk factors can aid in reducing preventable childhood diarrhoea.
Methods
We used Bayesian model-based geostatistics and a geolocated dataset comprising 15 072 746 children younger than 5 years from 466 surveys in 94 LMICs, in combination with findings of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017, to estimate posterior distributions of diarrhoea prevalence, incidence, and mortality from 2000 to 2017. From these data, we estimated the burden of diarrhoea at varying subnational levels (termed units) by spatially aggregating draws, and we investigated the drivers of subnational patterns by creating aggregated risk factor estimates.
Findings
The greatest declines in diarrhoeal mortality were seen in south and southeast Asia and South America, where 54·0% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 38·1–65·8), 17·4% (7·7–28·4), and 59·5% (34·2–86·9) of units, respectively, recorded decreases in deaths from diarrhoea greater than 10%. Although children in much of Africa remain at high risk of death due to diarrhoea, regions with the most deaths were outside Africa, with the highest mortality units located in Pakistan. Indonesia showed the greatest within-country geographical inequality; some regions had mortality rates nearly four times the average country rate. Reductions in mortality were correlated to improvements in water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) or reductions in child growth failure (CGF). Similarly, most high-risk areas had poor WASH, high CGF, or low oral rehydration therapy coverage.
Interpretation
By co-analysing geospatial trends in diarrhoeal burden and its key risk factors, we could assess candidate drivers of subnational death reduction. Further, by doing a counterfactual analysis of the remaining disease burden using key risk factors, we identified potential intervention strategies for vulnerable populations. In view of the demands for limited resources in LMICs, accurately quantifying the burden of diarrhoea and its drivers is important for precision public health
Mapping local patterns of childhood overweight and wasting in low- and middle-income countries between 2000 and 2017
A double burden of malnutrition occurs when individuals, household members or communities experience both undernutrition and overweight. Here, we show geospatial estimates of overweight and wasting prevalence among children under 5 years of age in 105 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) from 2000 to 2017 and aggregate these to policy-relevant administrative units. Wasting decreased overall across LMICs between 2000 and 2017, from 8.4 (62.3 (55.1�70.8) million) to 6.4 (58.3 (47.6�70.7) million), but is predicted to remain above the World Health Organization�s Global Nutrition Target of <5 in over half of LMICs by 2025. Prevalence of overweight increased from 5.2 (30 (22.8�38.5) million) in 2000 to 6.0 (55.5 (44.8�67.9) million) children aged under 5 years in 2017. Areas most affected by double burden of malnutrition were located in Indonesia, Thailand, southeastern China, Botswana, Cameroon and central Nigeria. Our estimates provide a new perspective to researchers, policy makers and public health agencies in their efforts to address this global childhood syndemic. © 2020, The Author(s)
Author Correction: Mapping local patterns of childhood overweight and wasting in low- and middle-income countries between 2000 and 2017 (Nature Medicine, (2020), 26, 5, (750-759), 10.1038/s41591-020-0807-6)
An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper. © 2020, The Author(s)