Parse’s humanbecoming school of thought

Os antecedentes da escola de pensamento “humanbecoming” situam-se no pensamento fenomenológico e na ciência da unicidade dos seres humanos (ver Parse 1981). O trabalho original de Parse (1981) foi designado “Man-Living-Health: A Theory of Nursing” Quando o termo “mankind” foi substituído por “male gender” na definição de “man” no dicionário, o nome da teoria foi modificado para “human becoming” (Parse, 1992). Nenhum aspecto dos princípios foi modificado nessa altura. Com a publicação de “The Human Becoming School of Thought” em 1998, Parse expandiu o trabalho original com a inclusão de descrições de três metodologias de investigação e acrescentou especificidades relacionadas com a prática da metodologia (Parse, 1987), classificando a ciência de “humanbecoming” como uma escola de pensamento (Parse, 1997b). A ideia fundamental em “humanbecoming” de que os humanos são indivisíveis, imprevisíveis, em constante mudança, tal como especificado na ontologia, exclui o uso de termos, tais como fisiológico, biológico, psicológico ou espiritual para descrever o humano. Outros termos inconsistentes com “humanbecoming” incluem palavras frequentemente utilizadas para descrever pessoas, tais como, não cooperante, disfuncional, manipulativo e outros. Em 2007b, Parse clarificou a ontologia da escola de pensamento. Especificou o “humanbecoming” através de uma palavra única e o “humanuniverse” também como palavra única. A junção das palavras criou um conceito que confirma a ideia de indivisibilidade. Descreveu também postulados clarificadores da ontologia (Parse 2007b). Estes termos são fragmentários e portanto, inconsistentes com a ontologia. A ontologia - isto é, as assunções, postulados e princípios - estabelece crenças que são claramente diferentes das de outros quadros de referência e de outras teorias de enfermagem. O conhecimento específico da disciplina utiliza uma linguagem única que especifica uma posição sobre o fenómeno de interesse para cada disciplina. A linguagem de “humanbecoming” enfatizada pela conceptualização de “new becoming visible-invisible becoming of the emerging now” é única da enfermagem, criando assim o novo paradigma de “humanbecoming” (Parse, 2012). Os três princípios de “humanbecoming” contêm nove conceitos escritos em forma verbal com terminação “ing” para tornar claro a importância do processo contínuo de mudança como fundamental para a emergência do “humanuniverse”. Cada conceito é também explicado com paradoxos enquanto opostos aparentes, que especificam ainda mais a linguagem única de “humanbecoming”.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Navigating the cultural gaps: Whiteness and diversity in two elementary school classrooms

This study asked how two white, in-service elementary school teachers within the context of their classrooms navigated the cultural gaps between themselves and students from whom they differed (e.g. racially, ethnically, socio-economically, and/or linguistically). Three sub-questions examined: 1) what life experiences shaped how the teachers understood difference and diversity within their classrooms; 2) what system(s) of beliefs the teachers learned and constructed through those experiences; and 3) what identities the teachers assumed and/or assigned to themselves and their students. The study employed a sociocultural theoretical framework. Ethnographic data collection strategies included participant observation, semi-structured interviews, and material collection. Discourse analysis acted as the analytic framework. The findings indicate that the participants drew upon their life experiences and the values and beliefs they acquired and constructed through those experiences to make meaning of diversity in their classrooms and to shape the actions and interactions within their classrooms. Their life experiences seem to have influenced how the participants grappled with the Deficit Thinking and White Knight Discourse models in their explicit and implicit forms. Understanding the social context in which they taught, the participants structured their classrooms and their interactions to address their students\u27 academic needs on the one hand and their social and emotional needs on the other. Additionally, the participants fostered identities of achievement in their students. To bridge the cultural gaps, the participants explored and developed a sense of their students\u27 experiential diversity, and they formed relationships with others who could support them in their work. The final finding focused on how interacting throughout the course of this study providing the participants with the opportunity to examine their own autobiographies and the impact of those autobiographies on their teaching. The implications of this study include: 1) the relevance of teachers\u27 life experiences to their teaching practice, 2) the importance of understanding the social context in which one teaches, 3) different strategies teachers might employ in working with culturally diverse students, and 4) future research based on the process of this investigation as a means of encouraging teachers to critically examine their own autobiographies

Quantitative characterization of spatial distribution of particles in materials: Application to materials processing

Most engineering materials contain second phase particles or fibers which serve to reinforce the matrix phase. The effect of reinforcements on material properties is usually analyzed in terms of the average volume fraction and spacing of reinforcements, quantities which are global microstructural characteristics. However, material properties can also depend on local microstructural characteristics; for example, on how uniformly the reinforcing phase is distributed in the material. The analysis method will then be applied to a materials processing problem to discover how processing parameters can be selected to maximize redistribution of the reinforcing phase during processing. Several mathematical analysis methods could be adapted to the problem of characterizing the distribution of particles in materials. A tessellation-based method was selected. In the first phase of the investigation, a software package was written to automate the analysis. Typical results are shown. The analysis technique allows the degree to which particles are clustered together, the size and spacing of particle clusters, and the particle density in clusters to be found. The analysis methods were applied to computer-generated distributions and to a few real particle-containing materials. Methods for analyzing a nonuniform particle distribution in a material can be applied to two broad classes of materials science problems: understanding how the resulting particle distribution affects properties. The analysis method described is applied to a materials processing problem: how to select extrusion conditions to maximize the redistribution of reinforcing particles that are initially nonuniformly distributed. In addition, the tessellation-based method to analyze star distributions in spiral galaxies was adapted, illustrating the diverse types of problems to which the analysis method can be applied

PERENCANAAN SALURAN DRAINASE DENGAN ANALISIS DEBIT BANJIR METODE RASIONAL (Studi Kasus Desa Petapahan Kecamatan Gunung Toar)

Drainase mempunyai arti mengalirkan, menguras, membuang, atau mengalihkan air. Secara umum, drainase didefinisikan sebagai serangkaian bangunan air yang berfungsi untuk mengurangi atau membuang kelebihan air dari suatu kawasan atau lahan, sehingga lahan dapat difungsikan secara optimal. Drainase juga diartikan sebagai usaha untuk mengontrol kualitas air tanah dalam kaitannya dengan salinitas. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk merencanaan Dimensi Drainase di Desa Petapahan Kecamatan Gunung Toar Kabupaten Kuantan Singingi. Data atau informasi yang digunakan adalah data sekunder yang diperoleh dari Dinas Pertanian Kabupaten Kuantan Singingi dan data primer diperoleh dari survey langsung di lapangan. Metode pengolahan data menggunakan perhitungan secara manual sesuai dengan metode rasional untuk menghitung Debit Banjir, dan rumus manning untuk Kecepatan saluran. Setelah dilakukan perhitungan debit banjir periode ulang 5 tahun maka didapat dimensi saluran ekonomis untuk saluran drainase utama adalah dengan lebar dasar B = 0.60 m dan tinggi saluran H = 0.80 m dengan penampang melintang saluran berbentuk persegi empat

The study of potassium ferrate application efficiency for advanced treatment of sewage

زمینه و هدف: طیف وسیعی از منعقد کننده‌ها، اکسیدان‌ها و گندزداها در تصفیه آب و فاضلاب استفاده می‌شوند. یون فرات به عنوان یک اکسیدان قوی بالاترین پتانسیل اکسیداسیون-احیاء را بین همه اکسیدان‌ها و گندزداها در تصفیه آب و فاضلاب داراست. یون فرات (شش ظرفیتی) در آب به یون هیدروکسید فریک احیا می‌شود و می‌تواند در یک فرآیند چند منظوره به عنوان منعقد کننده، اکسیدان و گندزدا مورد استفاده قرار گیرد. هدف از این مطالعه بررسی فرآیند تصفیه پیشرفته پساب فاضلاب شهری با استفاده از فرات پتاسیم بود. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه نیمه تجربی تصفیه پیشرفته فاضلاب شهری توسط فرات‌پتاسیم در مقیاس آزمایشگاهی روی پساب فاضلاب گندزدایی نشده با تعیین اثر متغیرهای pH و غلظت بر میزان حذف کدورت، ترکیبات ارگانی آب (COD) و فسفر مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. به منظور تعیین کارایی گندزدایی فرات پتاسیم نیز اثر سه متغیر زمان تماس، غلظت فرات و pH روی فرآیند گندزدایی با استفاده از شاخص (MPN (Most Probable Number مشخص شد. یافته‌ها: بهترین راندمان حذف ترکیبات ارگانی آب و کدورت با استفاده از فرات‌پتاسیم در شرایط بهینه (5=pH و غلظت mg/L10) به ترتیب 65 و 90 بود. pH و غلظت بهینه فرات ‌پتاسیم در حذف فسفر نیز 5=pH و غلظت mg/L 12 بود که موجب حذف 72 درصدی فسفر شد. بهترین شرایط کاربرد فرات پتاسیم به عنوان گندزدا در غلظت mg/L 4 و زمان تماس های 25 دقیقه و 6=pH بود. نتیجه گیری: فرات ‌پتاسیم به عنوان یک ماده شیمیایی مؤثر اکسید کننده، گندزدا و منعقد کننده می ‌تواند در تصفیه انواع پساب های شهری و صنعتی مورد استفاده قرار گیرد و با این کار دسترسی به چند هدف در یک فرآیند را میسر گرداند

Knowledge, Attitude and Behavior Related to Antibiotic Use in Community Dwellings

Background: Irrational antibiotic use is the major reason for insidence of antibiotic resistance. Antibiotic misuse in community is influenced by environmental and behavioral factors. Environment included community preference for purchasing antibiotics, lack of health care infrastructure, lack of general practitioner and policy in regulating  antibiotic use. Behavior is influenced by lack of information in antibiotic use and unawareness of antibiotic resistancy. The aim of the study was to assess the level of knowledge, attitude and behavior regarding antibiotic use in community dwellings.Methods: A cross sectional descriptive study was carried out to 96 respondents who were selected by a rapid survey sampling method in Cileles village Jatinangor, Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia in August 2013. Data were collected using questionnaires. The data was analyzed in the form of frequency and percentage.Results: Out of 96 respondents, only 40.6% had good knowledge regarding antibiotic use, 12.5% of respondents were prescribed antibiotics, but in the last course did not purchased all the antibiotics prescribed by the clinician and 55.2% of respondents did not complete their treatment course.Conclusions: Most of the community still have poor knowledge regarding antibiotic use and its consequences such as allergy, and resistancy based on the knowledge questions has a total score ≤6. Their attitude and behavior regarding antibiotic use are still poor which is also based on  incompletion of the antibiotic treatment and irregular use.DOI: 10.15850/amj.v4n2.108

Living with early-stage dementia: a review of qualitative studies

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Trajectories of quality of life in early-stage dementia: individual variations and predictors of change

Background: Little evidence is available about how quality of life (QoL) changes as dementia progresses. Objectives: We explored QoL trajectories over a 20-month period and examined what predicted change in QoL. Method: Fifty-one individuals with a diagnosis of Alzheimer’s, vascular or mixed dementia (PwD) participating in the MIDAS study rated their QoL using the QoL-AD scale at baseline and at 20-month follow-up. PwD also rated their mood and quality of relationship with the carer. In each case the carer rated his/her level of stress and perceived quality of relationship with the PwD. Results: There was no change in mean QoL score. Nearly one-third of PwD rated QoL more positively at 20-month follow-up and nearly one-third rated QoL more negatively. These changes could be regarded as reliable in one-quarter of the sample. Participants taking AChEI medication at baseline were more likely to show a decline in QoL score. There were no other significant differences between those whose scores increased, decreased or stayed the same on any demographic or disease-related variables, or in mood or perceived quality of relationship with the carer. While baseline QoL score was the strongest predictor of QoL at 20 months, the quality of relationship with the carer as perceived by the PwD was also independently a significant predictor. Conclusions: There is a degree of individual variation in QoL trajectories. Use of AChEI medication appears linked to decline in QoL score, while positive relationships with carers play an important role in maintaining QoL in early-stage dementia