10 research outputs found

    Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

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    The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

    Estudio del mecanismo de acciĂłn del 7-Ketocolesterol y el Ácido EstercĂșlico en cĂ©lulas del epitelio pigmentario de la retina

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    La degeneraciĂłn macular asociada a la edad (DMAE) es una enfermedad grave caracterizada por la pĂ©rdida gradual de la visiĂłn central como consecuencia del envejecimiento. La DMAE es la principal causa de ceguera en personas mayores de 65 años en paĂ­ses desarrollados y actualmente no existe un tratamiento suficientemente eficaz. La mayor parte de la investigaciĂłn se centra en el epitelio pigmentario de la retina (RPE) puesto que es en esta zona de la retina donde puede detectarse la enfermedad. A causa de la edad, el material intracelular no metabolizado por el RPE se acumula formando unos depĂłsitos caracterĂ­sticos llamados drusas. El 7-ketocolesterol (7KCh) es un derivado oxidado del colesterol capaz de desencadenar respuestas inflamatorias y citotĂłxicas que se acumula en las drusas debido al envejecimiento, lo que sugiere una conexiĂłn con el desarrollo de la DMAE. El ĂĄcido estercĂșlico (SA) es la molĂ©cula que mejor funciona contrarrestando los efectos del 7KCh en la retina, pero se desconocen las rutas de señalizaciĂłn mediante las cuales ambas molĂ©culas desencadenan sus efectos. Conocer las respuestas del 7KCh y el SA en cĂ©lulas RPE permitirĂ­a obtener una nueva perspectiva sobre el desarrollo de la DMAE y avanzar en la bĂșsqueda de nuevas terapias para esta enfermedad. Los resultados obtenidos en este trabajo mostraron que la exposiciĂłn de las cĂ©lulas RPE a 7KCh provoca la alteraciĂłn de los niveles de expresiĂłn de genes asociados con el metabolismo de lĂ­pidos, el estrĂ©s de retĂ­culo endoplasmĂĄtico, la inflamaciĂłn y la muerte celular. Esto se traduce en la activaciĂłn de diferentes rutas de señalizaciĂłn, como la respuesta de las proteĂ­nas desplegadas (UPR), las vĂ­as de NFB y MAPK, procesos necrĂłticos y piroptosis mediada por GSDME. Por otro lado, el tratamiento con SA no produjo toxicidad sobre las cĂ©lulas, aunque sĂ­ provocĂł la modulaciĂłn de algunos genes involucrados en el metabolismo de lĂ­pidos. Cuando las cĂ©lulas de retina fueron tratadas conjuntamente con SA y 7KCh, el SA redujo significativamente la modulaciĂłn gĂ©nica y la respuesta inducida por este oxiesterol. Aunque todavĂ­a es necesario profundizar en estos mecanismos, estos resultados ponen de manifiesto la importancia del 7KCh en la patogĂ©nesis de la DMAE y el potencial del SA para, en el futuro, mejorar o complementar las terapias actualmente utilizadas para esta enfermedad

    Pro-Apoptotic and Anti-Migration Properties of a Thiazoline-Containing Platinum(II) Complex in MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer Cells: The Role of Melatonin as a Synergistic Agent

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    Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive cancer insensitive to hormonal and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-targeted therapies and has a poor prognosis. Therefore, there is a need for the development of convenient anticancer strategies for the management of TNBC. In this paper, we evaluate the antitumoral potential of a platinum(II) complex coordinated with the ligand 2-(3,5-diphenylpyrazol-1-yl)-2-thiazoline (DPhPzTn), hereafter PtDPhPzTn, against the TNBC cell line MDA-MB-231, and compared its effect with both cisplatin and its less lipophilic counterpart PtPzTn, the latter containing the ligand 2-(pyrazol-1-yl)-2-thiazoline (PzTn). Then, the putative potentiating actions of melatonin, a naturally occurring antioxidant with renowned antitumor properties, on the tumor-killing ability of PtDPhPzTn were also checked in TNBC cells. Our results show that PtDPhPzTn presented enhanced cytotoxicity compared to both the classical drug cisplatin and PtPzTn. In addition, PtDPhPzTn was able to induce apoptosis, being more selective for MDA-MB-231 cells when compared to non-tumor breast epithelial MCF10A cells. Likewise, PtDPhPzTn produced moderate S phase arrest and greatly impaired the migration ability of MDA-MB-231 cells. Most importantly, the co-stimulation of TNBC cells with PtDPhPzTn and melatonin substantially enhanced apoptosis and markedly improved the anti-migratory action compared to PtDPhPzTn alone. Altogether, our findings provide evidence that PtDPhPzTn and melatonin could be potentially applied to breast cancer treatment as powerful synergistic agents

    Cytotoxic Effects of New Palladium(II) Complexes with Thiazine or Thiazoline Derivative Ligands in Tumor Cell Lines

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    The synthesis of analogs of cisplatin, which is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent, using other metal centers could be an alternative for cancer treatment. Pd(II) could be a substitute for Pt(II) due to its coordination chemistry similarity. For that reason, six squared-planar Pd(II) complexes with thiazine and thiazoline ligands and formula [PdCl2(L)] were synthesized and characterized in this work. The potential anticarcinogenic ability of the compounds was studied via cytotoxicity assay in three different human tumor cell lines, i.e., epithelial cervix carcinoma (HeLa), promyelocytic leukemia (HL-60), and histiocytic lymphoma (U-937). Data obtained showed that complexes with methyl substitutions did not modify cell viability, while no-methyl substituted compounds had a moderate cytotoxic effect on all three cell lines. The complexes with phenyl substitutions displayed the lowest IC50 values, which ranged between 46.39 ± 3.99 ΌM and 62.74 ± 6.45 ΌM. Moreover, Pd accumulation inside the cell was observed after incubation with any of the four complexes mentioned, and the two complexes with phenyl rings were found to induce an increase in the percentage of apoptotic cells. These results suggested that the presence of bulky substitutions on the ligands such as phenyl groups may influence the cytotoxicity of the chemotherapeutic agents synthesized

    Influence of ligand lipophilicity in Pt(II) complexes on their antiproliferative and apoptotic activities in tumour cell lines

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    This manuscript is in Memoriam of Prof. Álvaro Bernalte García, Group Leader of the Coordination Chemistry Research Group.One of the most widely used strategies for drug development is the coordination of bioactive ligands to transition metals, which could improve biological activity. Moreover, the incorporation of aromatic groups to ligands may allow an enhanced lipophilicity that can influence the cellular uptake and accumulation of the metallodrugs, thus increasing their activity. Herein, we have reported the synthesis and characterization of four Pt(II) complexes [PtCl2(L)], where L = 2-(1-pyrazolyl)-2-thiazoline (PzTn), 2-(1-pyrazolyl)-1,3-thiazine (PzTz), 2-(3,5-diphenyl-1- pyrazolyl)-2-thiazoline (DPhPzTn) or 2-(3,5-diphenyl-1-pyrazolyl)-1,3-thiazine (DPhPzTz). The study was aimed at analysing their potential anticarcinogenic ability in epithelial cervix carcinoma HeLa, human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 and human histiocytic lymphoma U-937 tumour cell lines as well as checking whether the structural factors of the organic ligand may influence their biological activity. Our findings showed that PtDPhPzTn and PtDPhPzTz were far more effective in terms of cytotoxicity than their less lipophilic counterparts (PtPzTn and PtPzTz), especially in cells derived from solid cervical tumours, thereby suggesting that modulating the lipophilicity of the ligands can help improve the cytotoxic effect of the metal complexes.The authors appreciate the technical and human support provided by the facilities of Bioscience Applied Techniques and Elemental and Molecular Analysis Service of SAIUEx (financed by UEx, Junta de Extremadura, MICINN, FEDER, and FSE). X-Ray intensity measurements were performed at the Unidade de Raios X (RIAIDT, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain). This work was supported by Junta de Extremadura grants (ref. GR18040, GR18062 and IB18013). E. Fernåndez-Delgado holds a research pre-doctoral fellowship from Junta de Extremadura (jointly financed by European Social Fund, ref. PD18020). J. Espino holds a research post-doctoral fellowship from Junta de Extremadura (ref. TA18002).peerReviewe

    A Histopathological and immunohistochemical study of archived ovine natural scrapie cases

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    1 pĂĄgina. Trabajo presentado al 27th Meeting of the European Society of Veterinary Pathology and European College of Veterinary Pathologists ( Olsztyn-KrakĂłw, Poland, del 9 al 12 de septiembre de 2009).Peer reviewe

    Perfil lesional e inmunohistoquĂ­mico de casos naturales de scrapie ovino diagnosticados en Castilla y LeĂłn

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    Trabajo presentado a la XXI ReuniĂłn de la Sociedad Española de AnatomĂ­a PatolĂłgica Veterinaria (SEAPV). ( Ferreira de PantĂłn, Lugo. 24-26 de junio de 2009).En este estudio valoramos patrones lesionales y de depĂłsito de la proteĂ­na priĂłn patolĂłgica (PrPd ) en la mĂ©dula oblongada, con diferentes anticuerpos monoclonales (6H4, L42, P4) en casos naturales de Scrapie ovino diagnosticados en Castilla y LeĂłn. En total se han estudiado 198 ovinos con Scrapie confirmado, procedentes de explotaciĂłn, mataderos e industrias de transformaciĂłn de diferentes provincias de la Comunidad, todos con sospecha clĂ­nica, positivos o dudosos a test rĂĄpidos. Las lesiones de la mĂ©dula oblongada, en secciones seleccionadas, se han analizado en diferentes nĂșcleos nerviosos de acuerdo con Ligios et al. (2002). El perfil de inmunotinciĂłn de la PrPd se ha valorado segĂșn los diferentes tipos y patrones descritos por GonzĂĄlez et al. (2002). Los tipos de depĂłsito frecuentemente observados fueron: intraneuronal, intraglial, punteado fino, partĂ­culas groseras, coalescente, perineuronal, perivascular y la formaciĂłn de placas. En 192 casos de Scrapie, de los 198 analizados, se confirmĂł un claro tipo de marcaje intraneuronal con el anticuerpo P4, no observado en secciones correspondientes a casos de EncefalopatĂ­a Espongiforme Bovina utilizadas como controles. No se consideraron 6 casos de Scrapie por presentar inmunotinciĂłn focal y en neuropilo. A diferencia del patrĂłn lesional, el perfil de depĂłsito de la PrPd si puede contribuir a la diferenciaciĂłn de las cepas de Scrapie en tejidos afectados. AsĂ­, en este estudio hemos comprobado un patrĂłn de inmunotinciĂłn intracelular (intraneuronal, intraglial) y extracelular (punteado fino, perineuronal) idĂ©ntico y constante en 66 ovinos de un mismo foco y con diferentes genotipos. Un patrĂłn semejante pero con la presencia esporĂĄdica de placas fue caracterĂ­stico en 10 animales de otro foco. La presencia de partĂ­culas groseras y de masas amorfas a modo de mallas (coalescente) y de placas en el neuropilo, ademĂĄs de la inmunotinciĂłn peri e intraneuronal se detectĂł en 31, 10 y 5 animales de 3 focos.Este trabajo ha sido financiado por un proyecto de investigaciĂłn de la Junta de Castilla y LeĂłn Ref.: LE045A07 (B.O.C. y L. 05/07/2007).Peer reviewe

    B. Sprachwissenschaft

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    B. Sprachwissenschaft.

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