68 research outputs found
Anaerobic Biodegradation of Solid Substrates from Agroindustrial Activities — Slaughterhouse Wastes and Agrowastes
Solid wastes from the meat industry are produced in large amounts resulting in a negative impact on the environment if not properly treated. Due to their high content of proteins and fats, these residues are excellent substrates for anaerobic digestion which holds high potential for methane yield. However, possible toxic compounds may be formed during its biodegradation with a consequent failure of the process under long-term operation. The anaerobic co-digestion of such residues with other co-substrates as those generated in agricultural activities has been proposed as a good alternative to overcome these problems. Nevertheless, today there is very little knowledge to assess on mixture interactions connected to wastes composition, biodegradability, and the kinetics of the anaerobic process when complex materials are utilized in ternary and quaternary mixture, specifically when co-digesting solid cattle slaughterhouse waste with agrowaste. It is therefore important to select the right combination of substrates and ratios to obtain synergy instead of antagonism in those mixtures. This chapter aims to provide an overview of the anaerobic digestion of solid slaughterhouse waste and agrowaste, as well as the influence of mixture interactions on its biodegradation
Anaerobic co-digestion of solid slaughterhouse wastes with agro-residues: Synergistic and antagonistic interactions determined in batch digestion assays
An analysis of single and two stage, mesophilic and thermophilic high rate systems for anaerobic digestion of corn stalk
Microbial population dynamics during long-term sludge adaptation of thermophilic and mesophilic sequencing batch digesters treating sewage fine sieved fraction at varying organic loading rates
Diseño estratégico de vanguardia
La integración del diseño con la vanguardia se observa natural, esto es, el diseño es una disciplina abductiva y la vanguardia persigue fines prospectivos, es decir, en ambos casos se trata de objetivos de posibilidad futura. De tal suerte, este libro, emanado de una parte de las ponencias rigurosamente arbitradas del Coloquio Internacional de Diseño 2016, está dividido en tres secciones o capítulos, a saber, el capítulo uno relacionado con la teoría y metodología para proyectos de diseño de vanguardia, el segundo sobre la tecnología, la innovación y la sostenibilidad de vanguardia de dichos proyectos, y finalmente el último capítulo, vinculado con la gestión estratégica de proyectos de vanguardia.La historia se forja de hechos e interpretaciones, de pasados construidos y de presentes en procesos constantes, estudiados en forma estricta por las ciencias. Por su parte, el futuro ostenta la posibilidad de ser indefinidamente planeado con base en las variopintas aproximaciones teóricas y empíricas que dan fundamento a este tipo de ciencia; éstas son denominadas prospectivas y sus bases vanguardias. Resulta importante señalar, que estas posibilidades sólo permiten tener una idea hipotética de lo que será la realidad y el mundo de vida de los seres vivos y su contexto, no obstante, se trata de la única manera racional que tiene el ser humano de prever ese futuro posible. Las distintas ciencias y disciplinas nos permiten construir históricamente estas posibilidades partiendo de datos, hechos, significados y un sinfín de informaciones que le dan cuerpo y sentido a tales posibilidades. En este sentido, la vanguardia, como base del conocimiento prospectivo, observa la necesidad de ser escrita, leída y discutida en los términos más estrictos con el fin de volver las predicciones más precisas. El diseño por su parte, es definido de manera sucinta como la disciplina proyectual estratégica y sistémica de la posibilidad, dirigida a procesos de significación utilitaria y simbólica para la comprensión –o interpretación– y modificación –o proyectación– de niveles de realidad (referentes y sujetos) desde diversos aparatos teóricos y empíricos –perspectivas disciplinarias–
Development and application in aspen plus of a process simulation model for the anaerobic digestion of vinasses in UASB reactors: Hydrodynamics and biochemical reactions
UASB reactors are accepted as a suitable technology for biogas production from the anaerobic digestion of vinasse. To describe correctly the behavior of this type of reactors the hydrodynamics as well as the biochemical processes inside the reactor should be considered simultaneously. This represents a complex task during experiments or in full-scale operation. Yet, the better understanding and description of UASB reactors operation would be greatly improved thanks to process simulation tools, saving time and money. In this regard, the aim of this study was to develop a novel simulation model in Aspen Plus®for UASB reactors treating vinasses. The model integrated ADM1--Flow pattern --Biofilms characteristics and the sulfate reduction process. Simulation results from laboratory, pilot and industrial scales showed differences lower than 15{\%} respect to the real data. Based on the sulfate reduction process an increment in biogas production of 14{\%} for a SO42-/COD ratio of 0.05 was obtained. In agreement with experimental data, the model predicted a reduction of 5{\%} in methane yield and the reactor failure for SO42-/COD ratio from 0.07 to 0.1 and higher than 0.1 respectively. Sensitivity analysis based on granule size showed an increment of 16{\%} in biogas generation when the granule diameter was reduced from 4 mm to 1 mm. The hydrodynamic parameters (i.e. Peclet number, dispersion coefficient) evaluated by the model, demonstrated the existence of a non-ideal flow in the reactor
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