Paleoseismologic advances in the Granada basin (Betic Cordilleras, southern Spain)

The Betic Cordilleras in southern Spain have experienced a number of moderate to strong seismic events during the last 2000 years of reported historical earthquakes. These earthquakes are distributed along the southern margin of Spain from Cádiz to Alicante, and offshore in the Alborán sea, reaching the island of Mallorca. Pliocene to Holocene alluvial and colluvial sediments in Neogene basins and adjacent smaller basins in the Betic Cordilleras display a broad range of faults and structures presumably related to coseismic surface deformation. A number of historical earthquakes capable of producing surface ruptures are presented. This study is focussed on reported ruptures and fault scarps, e.g., those of the Christmas event of 1884 (M 6.5-7) near Ventas de Zafarraya, in the southwestern and northeastern parts of the Granada basin. Displaced and buried paleosols and colluvial wedges in the hanging wall suggest multiple fault reactivation. AMS 14C-dating indicates at least three strong events along the Ventas de Zafarraya fault during the last 9 ka. Active faults, and hence seismogenic deformation, are distributed in the Betics, which considerably hinders the calculation of recurrence rates of strong earthquakes along discrete faults. The maximum expectable events for the study area are in the order of M 7.Se tiene registro histórico de que las Cordilleras Béticas, en el sur de España, han experimentado varios eventos sísmicos moderados a fuertes durante los últimos 2000 años. Estos terremotos se distribu yen a lo largo del margen meridional de España, desde Cádiz hasta Alicante, en el mar de Alborán, y continuan hasta la isla de Mallorca. Ciertos depósitos coluviales y aluviales, de edad pliocena a holocena, de las cuencas neógenas de las Cordilleras Béticas presentan un amplio rango de fallas y estructuras relacionadas, presumiblemente, con la deformación cosísmica de la superficie. Se presentan varios terremotos históricos capaces de producir rupturas de la superficie. Este estudio se centra en las rupturas y escarpes de falla descritos en las partes suroccidental y nororiental de la cuenca de Granada, como por ejemplo, los del terremoto de Navidad de 1884 (M 6,5-7) cerca de Ventas de Zafarraya. Paleosuelos enterrados y desplazados, así como cuñas coluviales en el bloque superior sugieren una reactivación múltiple de la falla. Las dataciones realizadas (AMS 1 4C) indican que durante los últimos 9 ka se han producido al menos tres eventos fuertes a lo largo de la falla de Ventas de Zafarraya. Las fallas activas, y por consiguiente la deformación sismogénica, están ampliamente distribuidas en las Béticas, hecho que dificulta considerablemente el cálculo de los períodos de recurrencia de los terremotos fuertes producidos por fallas discretas. Los máximos eventos esperables en la región estudiada son del orden de M 7

Paleoseismologic advances in the Granada basin (Betic Cordilleras, southern Spain)

The Betic Cordilleras in southern Spain have experienced a number of moderate to strong seismic events during the last 2000 years of reported historical earthquakes. These earthquakes are distributed along the southern margin of Spain from Cádiz to Alicante, and offshore in the Alborán sea, reaching the island of Mallorca. Pliocene to Holocene alluvial and colluvial sediments in Neogene basins and adjacent smaller basins in the Betic Cordilleras display a broad range of faults and structures presumably related to coseismic surface deformation. A number of historical earthquakes capable of producing surface ruptures are presented. This study is focussed on reported ruptures and fault scarps, e.g., those of the Christmas event of 1884 (M 6.5-7) near Ventas de Zafarraya, in the southwestern and northeastern parts of the Granada basin. Displaced and buried paleosols and colluvial wedges in the hanging wall suggest multiple fault reactivation. AMS 1 4C-dating indicates at least three strong events along the Ventas de Zafa rr aya fault during the last 9 ka. Activefaults, and hence seismogenic deformation, are distributed in the Betics, which considerably hinders the calculation of recurrence rates of strong earthquakes along discrete faults. The maximum expectable events for the study area are in the order of M 7

Fundamentals of crude oil and natural gas processing

This training manual includes term project methodical guide on the course "Fundamentals of crude oil and natural gas processing" in English. The main purpose of the training manual is to provide students the theoretical and methodological assistance at performance the term project on the course "Fundamentals of crude oil and natural gas processing". The manual contains the initial data and reference material needed to perform the calculations. The manual is intended for the students of speciality 6.050304 "Oil and gas production" in English

Real-time optical micro-manipulation using optimized holograms generated on the GPU

Holographic optical tweezers allow the three dimensional, dynamic, multipoint manipulation of micron sized dielectric objects. Exploiting the massive parallel architecture of modern GPUs we can generate highly optimized holograms at video frame rate allowing the interactive micro-manipulation of 3D structures.Comment: 13 pages, 8 figure

Stress transfer and Quaternary faulting in the northern Alpine foreland

Within the SPP Mountain Building Processes in Four Dimensions (MB-4D) we studied postglacial and present seismic rupturing in the northern Alpine Foreland to better understand the impact and forces of mountain building. We started a seismological field experiment to densify the permanent monitoring networks and the AlpArray Seismic Network. The later was also supported as well as its predecessor UNIBRA (Hetényi et al., 2018; Schlömer et al., 2022). Our StressTransfer network consisted of five recording stations in the Upper Rhine Graben, five in the Molasse Basin and five around the Albstadt Shear Zone (Mader et al., 2021a). The latter are still operating due to the increased seismicity during the last years below the western Swabian Alb. We determined local minimum 1-D seismic velocity models to relocate known events in the study regions (Mader et al., 2021b). Waveform cross-correlation was done to detect hitherto unknown events and recover earthquake sequences around the Albstadt Shear Zone (Mader et al., subm.). To determine fault planes and rupture mechanisms we used relative event locations (hypoDD) and FOCMEC for fault plane solutions. For the Albstadt Shear Zone (ASZ), an NNE–SSW striking left-lateral strike-slip rupture zone, we determined a direction of the maximum horizontal stress (SHmax) of 140°–149°. Down to ca. 7–8 km depth, SHmax is bigger than SV (vertical stress); below this depth, SV is the main stress component. Beneath the shallow Hohenzollerngraben (ca. 2-3 km depth), which is nearly perpendicular to the ASZ, we found an NW-SE striking dextral strike-slip fault zone with very weak micro-seismicity in 11-15 km depth (Figure 1). This zone is possibly a reactivated old upper-crustal tectonic structure. At the interception of the ASZ and the NW-SE striking fault zone we observe NNW-SSE striking sinistral strike-slip and normal faulting micro-earthquakes which belong to a heterogeneous deformation zone with complex faulting. In Figure 1 we summarize our current model for the ASZ and its surroundings. The detection of many micro-earthquakes and the related active faults was only possible with the help of the additional temporal recording stations in the region and the studies of a PhD student (S.M.). We thank the DFG for funding our project and the State Earthquake Service Baden-Württemberg in Freiburg for providing data (Az. 4784//18_3303)

Holocene surface ruptures of the Rurrand Fault, Germany—insights from palaeoseismology, remote sensing and shallow geophysics

The Lower Rhine Embayment in Central Europe hosts a rift system that has very low deformation rates. The faults in this area have slip rates of less than 0.1 mm/yr, which does not allow to investigate ongoing tectonic deformation with geodetic techniques, unless they cover very long time spans. Instrumental seismicity does only cover a small fraction of the very long earthquake recurrence intervals of several thousands of years. Paleoseismological studies are needed to constrain slip rates and the earthquake history of such faults. Destructive earthquakes are rare in the study area, but did occur in historic times. In 1755/56, a series of strong earthquakes caused significant destruction in the city of Düren (Germany) and the surrounding areas. In this study we document paleoseismological data from the nearby Rurrand Fault. In contrast to earlier studies on the same fault, we found evidence for a surface rupturing earthquake in the Holocene, and we identified at least one more surface rupturing event. Our study shows that the Rurrand Fault currently accommodates deformation in earthquakes rather than by creeping. The coseismic offsets were determined to be between less than 0.5 m per event. We assign maximum possible magnitudes of MW5.9-6.8 for the Rurrand Fault and a slip rate of at least 0.02-0.03 mm/yr for the last ~130-50 kyr. The surface ruptures did not occur at the main fault trace that has a clear morphological expression due to older tectonic motions, but on a younger fault strand in the hanging wall of the main fault. Terrain analyses based on 1 m resolution airborne LiDAR data have been used to image the subtle morphological expression of this young fault zone. Georadar and electric resistivity tomography were applied to image the fault zone at depth and to test if these shallow geophysical methods can be used to identify and trace the fault zone. Georadar failed to produce reliable results, but geoelectrics were successfully applied and allowed us to retrieve slip rate estimates. Our results indicate that the Düren 1755/56 earthquakes did not produce surface ruptures at the Rurrand Fault, either because they did not rupture the surface at all, or because they occurred at another, neighboring fault.This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Oxford University Press via http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggv55

ДВОРЯНСЬКИЙ РІД БАНТИШІВ В ІСТОРІЇ КАТЕРИНОСЛАВЩИНИ

Встатті простежується історія молдавського боярського роду Бантиш від початкуXVIII ст. – до початкуХХ ст.The history ofMoldavian noble family Bantish from beginning XVIII c. to beginning XX c. is observed in this articl

Optically controlled grippers for manipulating micron-sized particles

We report the development of a joystick controlled gripper for the real-time manipulation of micron-sized objects, driven using holographic optical tweezers (HOTs). The gripper consists of an arrangement of four silica beads, located in optical traps, which can be positioned and scaled in order to trap an object indirectly. The joystick can be used to grasp, move (lateral or axial), and change the orientation of the target object. The ability to trap objects indirectly allows us to demonstrate the manipulation of a strongly scattering micron-sized metallic particle