A estratégia internacional na produção e transferência do conhecimento dentro das multinacionais

Lusíada. Economia & empresa. - ISSN 1645-6750. - S. 2, n. 15 (2012). - p. 43-57.Se há alguns anos se defendia que o sucesso das multinacionais residia na sua capacidade de exportar boas práticas para as suas filiais, com a crescente competitividade à escala mundial torna-se evidente a necessidade de as multinacionais construírem uma rede que permita a circulação de aprendizagens e conhecimentos entre filiais. A competitividade das multinacionais reside atualmente na sua capacidade de aprender em diferentes localizações recombinando e produzindo novo conhecimento internamente para ser posteriormente difundido. Para que isto seja possível é necessário que a multinacional desenvolva uma estratégia de internacionalização do tipo transnacional, pois ao conter elementos de integração global e de adaptação local, promove a produção e transferência de conhecimentos

Les facteurs psychosociaux de l'efficacité organisationnelle : étude comparée des mairies portugaises

This research required to examine variables that influence the organizational efectiveness in local government services. The mayoralty was used the unity of analysis and 92 mayors and 236 directors in 109 municipalities in Portugal participated in this study. The latent variables mayor's extensive leadership (G), strategic oriented leadership (S) and risk predisposed leadership R, director's satifaction and commitment, trust and cooperation climate were operationalized using factor analysis. Through structural equations modeling the research revealed significant positive mediate relationship between : G and satifaction, G and cooperation, S and commitment, S and trust, R and satisfaction, satisfaction and commitment and commitment and trust. Signicant negative mediate relatinship was found between G and commitment ; and a one hand, between R and, on the other, trust and cooperation. Direct effects from trust to overall perceived effectiveness and to level of investments execution rate were found. Financial indicators were not found to be significantly explained by the model. Significant differences for mayors and directors were found in the relation between G and satisfaction, R and satisfaction, S end trust and commitment and trust. Mayoralties supported by right and left ideologies were found to have significantly different perceptions between R and cooperation. Also, significant differences for lower and upper economic level municipalities were found between R satifaction and between R and cooperation. Behavioral styles of mayor are proposed and analyzed their effectiveness. The model was specified for others factors of leadership as perceived by the directors.Cette recherche examine les variables qui influencent l'efficacité dans le services publics. Les mairies constituent l'unité d'analyse . 92 maires et 236 directeurs de 109 municipalités portugaises ont participé à l'étude. Les construits leaderships général (G), orienté vers la stratégie (S) et prédisposé vers le risque R du maire, satisfaction et engagement des directeurs, climat de confiance et de coopération ont été opérationnalisés. En s'appuyant sur des modèles d'équations structurelles, la recherche a mis en évidence des relations intermédiation entre : G et satisfaction, G et coopération, S et engagement, S et confiance, R et satisfaction, satisfaction et engagement et engagement et confiance. Des relations négatives d'intermédiation ont été validées entre G et engagement, entre R et confiance et entre R et coopération. Des effets directs de la confiance sur l'efficacité perçue et le taux d'exécution des investissements ont été démontrés. Les antécédents des variables financières n'ont pas été prouvés. Des différences entre les maires et les directeurs ont été montrées dans les relations entre G et satisfaction, R et satisfaction, S et confiance et engagement et confiance. Des différences significatives entre R et coopération ont été trouvées entre municipalités à niveau économique inférieur et supérieur sur la relation entre R et satisfaction et entre R et coopération. Des styles comportementaux du maire sont proposés. Le modèle a spécifié d'autres comportements du maire tels que perçus par les directeurs

Les facteurs psychosociaux de l'efficacité organisationnelle (étude comparée des mairies portugaises)

Cette recherche examine les variables qui influencent l'efficacité dans le services publics. Les mairies constituent l'unité d'analyse . 92 maires et 236 directeurs de 109 municipalités portugaises ont participé à l'étude. Les construits leaderships général (G), orienté vers la stratégie (S) et prédisposé vers le risque R du maire, satisfaction et engagement des directeurs, climat de confiance et de coopération ont été opérationnalisés. En s'appuyant sur des modèles d'équations structurelles, la recherche a mis en évidence des relations intermédiation entre : G et satisfaction, G et coopération, S et engagement, S et confiance, R et satisfaction, satisfaction et engagement et engagement et confiance. Des relations négatives d'intermédiation ont été validées entre G et engagement, entre R et confiance et entre R et coopération. Des effets directs de la confiance sur l'efficacité perçue et le taux d'exécution des investisements ont été démontrés. Les antécédents des variables financières n'ont pas été prouvés. Des différences entre les maires et les directeurs ont été montrées dans les relations entre G et satifaction, R et satisfaction, S et confiance et engagement et confiance. Des différences significatives entre R et coopération ont été trouvées entre municipalités à niveau économique inférieur et supérieur sur la relation entre R et satisfaction et entre R et coopération. Des styles comportementaux du maire sont proposés. Le modèle a spécifié d'autres comportements du maire tels que perçus par les directeurs.This research required to examine variables that influence the organizational efectiveness in local government services. The mayoralty was used the unity of analysis and 92 mayors and 236 directors in 109 municipalities in Portugal participated in this study. The latent variables mayor's extensive leadership (G), strategic oriented leadership (S) and risk predisposed leadership R, director's satifaction and commitment, trust and cooperation climate were operationalized using factor analysis. Through structural equations modeling the research revealed significant positive mediate relationship between : G and satifaction, G and cooperation, S and commitment, S and trust, R and satisfaction, satisfaction and commitment and commitment and trust. Signicant negative mediate relatinship was found between G and commitment ; and a one hand, between R and, on the other, trust and cooperation. Direct effects from trust to overall perceived effectiveness and to level of investments execution rate were found. Financial indicators were not found to be significantly explained by the model. Significant differences for mayors and directors were found in the relation between G and satisfaction, R and satisfaction, S end trust and commitment and trust. Mayoralties supported by right and left ideologies were found to have significantly different perceptions between R and cooperation. Also, significant differences for lower and upper economic level municipalities were found between R satifaction and between R and cooperation. Behavioral styles of mayor are proposed and analyzed their effectiveness. The model was specified for others factors of leadership as perceived by the directors.METZ-SCD (574632105) / SudocSudocFranceF

Characterisation of microbial attack on archaeological bone

As part of an EU funded project to investigate the factors influencing bone preservation in the archaeological record, more than 250 bones from 41 archaeological sites in five countries spanning four climatic regions were studied for diagenetic alteration. Sites were selected to cover a range of environmental conditions and archaeological contexts. Microscopic and physical (mercury intrusion porosimetry) analyses of these bones revealed that the majority (68%) had suffered microbial attack. Furthermore, significant differences were found between animal and human bone in both the state of preservation and the type of microbial attack present. These differences in preservation might result from differences in early taphonomy of the bones. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved