3D Printing‐Enabled Design and Manufacturing Strategies for Batteries: A Review

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have significantly impacted the daily lives, finding broad applications in various industries such as consumer electronics, electric vehicles, medical devices, aerospace, and power tools. However, they still face issues (i.e., safety due to dendrite propagation, manufacturing cost, random porosities, and basic & planar geometries) that hinder their widespread applications as the demand for LIBs rapidly increases in all sectors due to their high energy and power density values compared to other batteries. Additive manufacturing (AM) is a promising technique for creating precise and programmable structures in energy storage devices. This review first summarizes light, filament, powder, and jetting-based 3D printing methods with the status on current trends and limitations for each AM technology. The paper also delves into 3D printing-enabled electrodes (both anodes and cathodes) and solid-state electrolytes for LIBs, emphasizing the current state-of-the-art materials, manufacturing methods, and properties/performance. Additionally, the current challenges in the AM for electrochemical energy storage (EES) applications, including limited materials, low processing precision, codesign/comanufacturing concepts for complete battery printing, machine learning (ML)/artificial intelligence (AI) for processing optimization and data analysis, environmental risks, and the potential of 4D printing in advanced battery applications, are also presented

Calibration of the CMS hadron calorimeters using proton-proton collision data at root s=13 TeV

Methods are presented for calibrating the hadron calorimeter system of theCMSetector at the LHC. The hadron calorimeters of the CMS experiment are sampling calorimeters of brass and scintillator, and are in the form of one central detector and two endcaps. These calorimeters cover pseudorapidities vertical bar eta vertical bar ee data. The energy scale of the outer calorimeters has been determined with test beam data and is confirmed through data with high transverse momentum jets. In this paper, we present the details of the calibration methods and accuracy.Peer reviewe

3D Printing Carbon-Carbon Composites With Multilayered Architecture for Enhanced Multifunctional Properties

Carbon-carbon (C-C) composites are highly sought-after in aviation, automotive, and defense sectors due to their outstanding thermal and thermo-mechanical properties. These composites are highly valued for their exceptional thermal and thermo-mechanical properties, including remarkably low density and coefficient of thermal expansion, which are expected to surpass those of many alloys and other composites in the production of high-grade components. However, the current manufacturing methods for C-C composites are unable to meet market demands due to their high cost, low production speed, and labor-intensive processes, limiting their broader applications. This study presents an innovative approach by introducing a new extrusion-based 3D printing method using multiphase direct ink writing (MDIW) for C-C composite fabrication. The primary matrix utilized is a phenolformaldehyde thermosetting resin, reinforced with silicon carbide (SiC) and graphite nanopowder (Gnp), focusing on achieving simple, scalable, and environmentally sustainable production of green parts with enhanced polymer matrix. This is followed by an inert carbonization process to obtain the final C-C composites. The research emphasizes the careful optimization of curing and rheological properties, including the use of suitable viscosity modifiers like carbon black (CB). Furthermore, the MDIW process demonstrates its capability to pattern dual nanoparticles within the composite structure in a well-ordered manner, leading to improved overall performance. Thermo-mechanical and thermo-electrical properties were thoroughly tested, showcasing the multifunctionality of the composite for diverse applications, from high-value industries like aerospace to broader uses such as heatsinks and electronic packaging

Measurements of dose-rate effects in the radiation damage of plastic scintillator tiles using silicon photomultipliers

Measurements are presented of the reduction of signal output due to radiation damage for plastic scintillator tiles used in the hadron endcap (HE) calorimeter of the CMS detector. The tiles were exposed to particles produced in proton-proton (pp) collisions at the CERN LHC with a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to a delivered luminosity of 50 fb$^{-1}$. The measurements are based on readout channels of the HE that were instrumented with silicon photomultipliers, and are derived using data from several sources: a laser calibration system, a movable radioactive source, as well as hadrons and muons produced in pp collisions. Results from several irradiation campaigns using $^{60}$Co sources are also discussed. The damage is presented as a function of dose rate. Within the range of these measurements, for a fixed dose the damage increases with decreasing dose rate

Measurements of dose-rate effects in the radiation damage of plastic scintillator tiles using silicon photomultipliers

Measurements are presented of the reduction of signal output due to radiation damage for plastic scintillator tiles used in the hadron endcap (HE) calorimeter of the CMS detector. The tiles were exposed to particles produced in proton-proton (pp) collisions at the CERN LHC with a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to a delivered luminosity of 50 fb$^{-1}$. The measurements are based on readout channels of the HE that were instrumented with silicon photomultipliers, and are derived using data from several sources: a laser calibration system, a movable radioactive source, as well as hadrons and muons produced in pp collisions. Results from several irradiation campaigns using $^{60}$Co sources are also discussed. The damage is presented as a function of dose rate. Within the range of these measurements, for a fixed dose the damage increases with decreasing dose rate

Measurements with silicon photomultipliers of dose-rate effects in the radiation damage of plastic scintillator tiles in the CMS hadron endcap calorimeter

International audienceMeasurements are presented of the reduction of signal output due to radiation damage for two types of plastic scintillator tiles used in the hadron endcap (HE) calorimeter of the CMS detector. The tiles were exposed to particles produced in proton-proton (pp) collisions at the CERN LHC with a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to a delivered luminosity of 50 fb−1. The measurements are based on readout channels of the HE that were instrumented with silicon photomultipliers, and are derived using data from several sources: a laser calibration system, a movable radioactive source, as well as hadrons and muons produced in pp collisions. Results from several irradiation campaigns using 60Co sources are also discussed. The damage is presented as a function of dose rate. Within the range of these measurements, for a fixed dose the damage increases with decreasing dose rate