Coriandrum sativum L. aqueous extract mitigates high fat diet induced insulin resistance by controlling visceral adiposity in C57BL/6J Mice

En este estudio se investigó el efecto de un extracto acuoso de semillas de Coriandrum sativum L. (CS), adicionado a una dieta con alto contenido graso en ratones C57BL/6J, con resistencia a la insulina inducida. Los cambios en el aumento de peso corporal, consumo de alimento, eficiencia alimenticia, glicemia, insulina plasmática, índice de resistencia a la insulina, triglicéridos hepáticos y plasmáticos, colesterol total y concentración plasmática de ácidos grasos libres, fueron evaluados en grupos control y tratados. Adicionalmente se controló, el diámetro, superficie y número de adipocitos, prueba de tolerancia a la glucosa intraperitoneal y la prueba de respuesta de la insulina por vía intraperitoneal. La adición de CS (1% y 3% w / w) a la dieta con alto contenido graso a ratones (12 semanas) previno de manera significativa el incremento de peso, la ingesta de alimentos, la eficiencia alimenticia, FBG, la insulina plasmática, FIRI, los triglicéridos hepáticos y plasmáticos, el colesterol total, ácidos grasos libres plasmáticos, el diámetro de los adipocitos y la superficie junto con el decremento en el número de los adipocitos. Además, mejoras de la respuesta se registraron en el IPGTT y IPRTT. Este conjunto de cambios fue comparable al obtenido con rosiglitazona (0,05%), adicionada a la dieta con alto contenido graso. Estos hallazgos sugieren que el CS mejora la sensibilidad a la insulina principalmente por la mitigación de los lípidos del plasma, del tejido y la hipertrofia del adipocito.This study investigates the effect of dietary supplementation with Coriandrum sativum L. seed aqueous extract (CS) to a high fat diet (HFD), for induced insulin resistance (IR) C57BL/6J mice. Changes in body weight, food intake, feed efficiency ratio, fasting blood glucose (FBG), plasma insulin, fasting insulin resistance index (FIRI), plasma and hepatic triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and, plasma free fatty acid (FFA) levels were evaluated in control and treated groups. Also, the diameter, surface area and number of adipocytes and, intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) and intraperitoneal insulin response test (IPRTT) were performed. CS supplementation (1% and 3% w/w) to HFD fed mice (for 12 weeks) significantly prevented HFD induced increment in body weight gain, food intake, feed efficiency, FBG, plasma insulin, FIRI, plasma and hepatic TG and TC and, plasma FFA, adipocyte diameter and surface area along with decrement in adipocyte number. Also, improved responses were recorded in the IPGTT and IPRTT in CS supplemented HFD fed mice. These set of changes were comparable to the rosiglitazone (0.05%) supplemented HFD fed mice. Our findings suggest that CS improves insulin sensitivity primarily by mitigating plasma and tissue lipids and, adipocyte hypertrophy

Analysis of X-knife and surgery in treatment of arteriovenous malformation of brain

Background: The goal of treatment in arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is total obliteration of the AVM, restoration of normal cerebral function, and preservation of life and neurological function. Aim: To analyze the results of X-knife and surgery for AVM of the brain. The endpoints for success or failure were as follows: success was defined as angiographic obliteration and failure as residual lesion, requiring retreatment, or death due to hemorrhage from the AVM. Materials and Methods: From May 2002 to May 2007, 54 patients were enrolled for this study. Grade I AVM was seen in 9%, grade II in 43%, grade III in 26%, grade IV in 9%, and grade V in 13%. Thirty-eight patients were treated by microsurgical resection out of which Grade I was seen in 5 patients, Grade II was seen in 17 patients, Grade III was seen in 9 patients and Grade V was seen in 7 patients. Rest of the sixteen patients were treated by linear accelerator radiosurgery out of which Grade II was seen in 6 patients, Grade III was seen in 5 patients and Grade IV was seen in 5 patients. The follow up was in range of 3-63 months. In follow up, digital subtraction angiography/ magnetic resonance angiography (DSA/MRA) was performed 3 months after surgery and 1 year and 2 years after stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). Results: Among the patients treated with X-knife, 12/16 (75%) had proven angiographic obliteration. Complications were seen in 4/16 (25%) patients. Among the patients treated with microsurgical resection, 23/38 (61%) had proven angiographic obliteration. Complications (both intraoperative and postoperative) were seen in 19/38 (50%) patients. Conclusions: Sixty-one percent of patients were candidates for surgical resection. X-knife is a good modality of treatment for a low-grade AVM situated in eloquent areas of the brain and also for high-grade AVMs, when the surgical risk and morbidity is high

Unveiling the Significance of Body Mass Index in Diagnosis of Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome: A Hidden Link

Background & Aims: The superior mesenteric artery syndrome (SMAS) is an uncommon syndrome characterized by the compression of the third part of the duodenum between the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and abdominal aorta with resultant proximal duodenal dilatation. The radiological diagnosis of the SMAS is based on reduced angle and distance between the SMA and aorta in presence of proximal duodenal dilatation. A reduction in these is closely associated with depletion of the mesenteric fat between the vessels. Our primary aim is to establish the relationship, if any, of body mass index (BMI) with the angle and distance between the SMA and abdominal aorta in general population. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out in 200 patients who had undergone contrast enhanced computed tomography for various other complaints. Various parameters such as aortomesenteric distance (AMD) and aortomesenteric angle (AMA) along with the body mass indices were calculated. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated to establish the relationship between BMI, AMD and AMA. Results: Pearson‘s correlation coefficient for BMI and AMD was 0.868, indicating strong positive correlation and 0.577 for BMI and AMA, indicating moderate positive correlation. Furthermore, AMD and AMA also showed positive correlation with Pearson‘s correlation coefficient of 0.568. Conclusion: There is significant positive correlation of BMI with AMD and AMA in general population suggesting people with low BMI are at an increased risk of developing SMAS

Nutraceutical therapies for atherosclerosis

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting large and medium arteries and is considered to be a major underlying cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Although the development of pharmacotherapies to treat CVD has contributed to a decline in cardiac mortality in the past few decades, CVD is estimated to be the cause of one-third of deaths globally. Nutraceuticals are natural nutritional compounds that are beneficial for the prevention or treatment of disease and, therefore, are a possible therapeutic avenue for the treatment of atherosclerosis. The purpose of this Review is to highlight potential nutraceuticals for use as antiatherogenic therapies with evidence from in vitro and in vivo studies. Furthermore, the current evidence from observational and randomized clinical studies into the role of nutraceuticals in preventing atherosclerosis in humans will also be discussed

What Is New for an Old Molecule? Systematic Review and Recommendations on the Use of Resveratrol

Stilbenes are naturally occurring phytoalexins that generally exist as their more stable E isomers. The most well known natural stilbene is resveratrol (Res), firstly isolated in 1939 from roots of Veratrum grandiflorum (white hellebore) (1) and since then found in various edible plants, notably in Vitis vinifera L. (Vitaceae) (2). The therapeutic potential of Res covers a wide range of diseases, and multiple beneficial effects on human health such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities have been suggested based on several in vitro and animal studies (3). In particular, Res has been reported to be an inhibitor of carcinogenesis at multiple stages via its ability to inhibit cyclooxygenase, and is an anticancer agent with a role in antiangiogenesis (4). Moreover, both in vitro and in vivo studies showed that Res induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in tumor cells (4). However, clinical studies in humans evidenced that Res is rapidly absorbed after oral intake, and that the low level observed in the blood stream is caused by a fast conversion into metabolites that are readily excreted from the body (5). Thus, considerable efforts have gone in the design and synthesis of Res analogues with enhanced metabolic stability. Considering that reduced Res (dihydro- resveratrol, D-Res) conjugates may account for as much as 50% of an oral Res dose (5), and that D-Res has a strong proliferative effect on hormone-sensitive cancer cell lines such as breast cancer cell line MCF7 (6), we recently devoted our synthetic efforts to the preparation of trans-restricted analogues of Res in which the E carbon-carbon double bond is embedded into an imidazole nucleus. To keep the trans geometry, the two aryl rings were linked to the heteroaromatic core in a 1,3 fashion. Based on this design, we successfully prepared a variety of 1,4-, 2,4- and 2,5-diaryl substituted imidazoles including Res analogues 1, 2 and 3, respectively, by procedures that involve transition metal-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions and highly selective N-H or C-H direct arylation reactions as key synthetic steps. The anticancer activity of compounds 1–3 was evaluated against the 60 human cancer cell lines panel of the National Cancer Institute (NCI, USA). The obtained results, that will be showed and discussed along with the protocols developed for the preparation of imidazoles 1–3, confirmed that a structural optimization of Res may provide analogues with improved potency in inhibiting the growth of human cancer cell lines in vitro when compared to their natural lead. (1) Takaoka,M.J.Chem.Soc.Jpn.1939,60,1090-1100. (2) Langcake, P.; Pryce, R. J. Physiological. Plant Patology 1976, 9, 77-86. (3) Vang, O.; et al. PLoS ONE 2011, 6, e19881. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0019881 (4) Kraft, T. E.; et al. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 2009, 49, 782-799. (5) Walle, T. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 2011, 1215, 9-15. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05842.x (6) Gakh,A.A.;etal.Bioorg.Med.Chem.Lett.2010,20,6149-6151

Search for new particles in events with energetic jets and large missing transverse momentum in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

A search is presented for new particles produced at the LHC in proton-proton collisions at root s = 13 TeV, using events with energetic jets and large missing transverse momentum. The analysis is based on a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 101 fb(-1), collected in 2017-2018 with the CMS detector. Machine learning techniques are used to define separate categories for events with narrow jets from initial-state radiation and events with large-radius jets consistent with a hadronic decay of a W or Z boson. A statistical combination is made with an earlier search based on a data sample of 36 fb(-1), collected in 2016. No significant excess of events is observed with respect to the standard model background expectation determined from control samples in data. The results are interpreted in terms of limits on the branching fraction of an invisible decay of the Higgs boson, as well as constraints on simplified models of dark matter, on first-generation scalar leptoquarks decaying to quarks and neutrinos, and on models with large extra dimensions. Several of the new limits, specifically for spin-1 dark matter mediators, pseudoscalar mediators, colored mediators, and leptoquarks, are the most restrictive to date.Peer reviewe

Combined searches for the production of supersymmetric top quark partners in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

A combination of searches for top squark pair production using proton-proton collision data at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV at the CERN LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 137 fb(-1) collected by the CMS experiment, is presented. Signatures with at least 2 jets and large missing transverse momentum are categorized into events with 0, 1, or 2 leptons. New results for regions of parameter space where the kinematical properties of top squark pair production and top quark pair production are very similar are presented. Depending on themodel, the combined result excludes a top squarkmass up to 1325 GeV for amassless neutralino, and a neutralinomass up to 700 GeV for a top squarkmass of 1150 GeV. Top squarks with masses from 145 to 295 GeV, for neutralino masses from 0 to 100 GeV, with a mass difference between the top squark and the neutralino in a window of 30 GeV around the mass of the top quark, are excluded for the first time with CMS data. The results of theses searches are also interpreted in an alternative signal model of dark matter production via a spin-0 mediator in association with a top quark pair. Upper limits are set on the cross section for mediator particle masses of up to 420 GeV

Probing effective field theory operators in the associated production of top quarks with a Z boson in multilepton final states at root s=13 TeV

Peer reviewe