New alternatives to milk from pulses: digestibility and bioactivity

Oral PresentationN/

New alternatives to milk from pulses: digestibility and bioactivity

There is a high demand for milk substitutes other than soy beverages for different reasons, from health to ethic grounds. However, plant based current market offers are essentially poor in protein content (less than 1.5% against the 3.5% in milk). The obvious choice is the use of pulses with high total protein on seeds, but a major issue hampers their production - a beany flavour. This is mitigated by the right processing technology, which also enhances the beverage nutritional quality. Beverages produced from chickpea, lupin and its (50/50) mixture were submitted to in vitro gastrointestinal digestion static method (Brodkorb et al., 2019). Results on bioaccessibility of protein, carbohydrates, starch, minerals and phytate, as well as glycaemic index and bioactivity (anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory) were determined. Grain legumes contain slow-release carbohydrates like starch, present on the chickpea, but only residual on the lupin seeds. This was used to enhance flavour as the addition of enzymes, such as α-amylase and amyloglucosidase, during beverage fabrication process, which increases the pulse beverage´s digestibility, enhancing the sweeter mouthfeel by starch hydrolysis, releasing glucose rapidly to the bloodstream and leading to a higher GI. This was evidenced in chickpea based beverages with both enzymes (85.3), with only amyloglucosidase (78.9) and with only α-amylase (64.8), when compared to the lower glycaemic index of chickpea beverage (56.9). As known, the presence of phytates may reduce bioavailability of minerals as a mineral complex which is insoluble at the physiological pH of the intestine, nevertheless, even all beverage´s digesta showed twice as much its beverage phytic acid content, the lupin beverage digesta evidenced significantly the higher levels on Na, Mg, P and Mn contents. In what bioactivity is concerned, the lupin-based beverage evidenced the inhibition of colon cells migration and the efficient inhibition of the metalloproteinases (MMP´s), which are implicated in colorectal cancer metastatic progression, earlier attributed to the lupin peptides activity (Lima et al., 2016). One of the main conclusions, is the considerable increment on bioactivity of the produced peptides during protein digestion in the gut, which has been evidenced and can be used as an argument for the marketing of these pulse beveragesN/

Cephalopods in the diet of nonbreeding black-browed and grey-headed albatrosses from South Georgia

The food and feeding ecology of albatrosses during the nonbreeding season is still poorly known, particularly with regard to the cephalopod component. This was studied in black-browed Thalassarche melanophris and grey-headed T. chrysostoma albatrosses by analysing boluses collected shortly after adults returned to colonies at Bird Island, South Georgia (54°S, 38°W), in 2009. Based on stable isotopic analyses of the lower beaks, we determined the habitat and trophic level (from δ13C and δ15N, respectively) of the most important cephalopods and assessed the relative importance of scavenging in terms of the albatrosses’ feeding regimes. Based on lower rostral lengths (LRLs), the main cephalopod species in the diets of both albatrosses was Kondakovia longimana, by frequency of occurrence (F > 90 %), number (N > 40 %) and mass (M > 80 %). The large estimated mass of many squid, including K. longimana, suggests that a high proportion (>80 % by mass) was scavenged, and that scavenging is much more important during the nonbreeding season than would be expected from breeding-season diets. The diversity of cephalopods consumed by nonbreeding birds in our study was similar to that recorded during previous breeding seasons, but included two new species [Moroteuthis sp. B (Imber) and ?Mastigoteuthis A (Clarke)]. Based on similarities in LRL, δ13C and δ15N, the squid consumed may have been from the same oceanic populations or region, with the exception of Taonius sp. B (Voss) and K. longimana, which, based on significant differences in δ15N values, suggest that they may have originated from different stocks, indicating differences in the albatrosses’ feeding regimes

Association of Accelerometry-Measured Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Events in Mobility-Limited Older Adults: The LIFE (Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders) Study.

BACKGROUND:Data are sparse regarding the value of physical activity (PA) surveillance among older adults-particularly among those with mobility limitations. The objective of this study was to examine longitudinal associations between objectively measured daily PA and the incidence of cardiovascular events among older adults in the LIFE (Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders) study. METHODS AND RESULTS:Cardiovascular events were adjudicated based on medical records review, and cardiovascular risk factors were controlled for in the analysis. Home-based activity data were collected by hip-worn accelerometers at baseline and at 6, 12, and 24 months postrandomization to either a physical activity or health education intervention. LIFE study participants (n=1590; age 78.9±5.2 [SD] years; 67.2% women) at baseline had an 11% lower incidence of experiencing a subsequent cardiovascular event per 500 steps taken per day based on activity data (hazard ratio, 0.89; 95% confidence interval, 0.84-0.96; P=0.001). At baseline, every 30 minutes spent performing activities ≥500 counts per minute (hazard ratio, 0.75; confidence interval, 0.65-0.89 [P=0.001]) were also associated with a lower incidence of cardiovascular events. Throughout follow-up (6, 12, and 24 months), both the number of steps per day (per 500 steps; hazard ratio, 0.90, confidence interval, 0.85-0.96 [P=0.001]) and duration of activity ≥500 counts per minute (per 30 minutes; hazard ratio, 0.76; confidence interval, 0.63-0.90 [P=0.002]) were significantly associated with lower cardiovascular event rates. CONCLUSIONS:Objective measurements of physical activity via accelerometry were associated with cardiovascular events among older adults with limited mobility (summary score >10 on the Short Physical Performance Battery) both using baseline and longitudinal data. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION:URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01072500

De pivete a funqueiro: genealogia de uma alteridade

Com base na teoria das representações sociais de Moscovici e a partir de contextualizações do fenômeno dos arrastões, esse texto se propõe a discutir elementos que respondam às questões: por que discursos criminalizantes, que afirmam a periculosidade do funkeiro, se fizeram tão presentes desde o início da década de noventa no Rio de Janeiro? Como esses discursos, que apontam para uma determinada construção social do funkeiro, interferiram na relação do funk com a sociedade? A discussão passa pela compreensão dos dispositivos criados na sociedade carioca daquele período para a solução de problemas com os quais ela se via confrontada. Trata-se de tentar compreender como, em certo momento, o funkeiro ganha um perfil amplamente difundido como problema que requer um tipo de intervenção específica

A standardised static in vitro digestion method suitable for food – an international consensus

peer-reviewedSimulated gastro-intestinal digestion is widely employed in many fields of food and nutritional sciences, as conducting human trials are often costly, resource intensive, and ethically disputable. As a consequence, in vitro alternatives that determine endpoints such as the bioaccessibility of nutrients and non-nutrients or the digestibility of macronutrients (e.g. lipids, proteins and carbohydrates) are used for screening and building new hypotheses. Various digestion models have been proposed, often impeding the possibility to compare results across research teams. For example, a large variety of enzymes from different sources such as of porcine, rabbit or human origin have been used, differing in their activity and characterization. Differences in pH, mineral type, ionic strength and digestion time, which alter enzyme activity and other phenomena, may also considerably alter results. Other parameters such as the presence of phospholipids, individual enzymes such as gastric lipase and digestive emulsifiers vs. their mixtures (e.g. pancreatin and bile salts), and the ratio of food bolus to digestive fluids, have also been discussed at length. In the present consensus paper, within the COST Infogest network, we propose a general standardised and practical static digestion method based on physiologically relevant conditions that can be applied for various endpoints, which may be amended to accommodate further specific requirements. A frameset of parameters including the oral, gastric and small intestinal digestion are outlined and their relevance discussed in relation to available in vivo data and enzymes. This consensus paper will give a detailed protocol and a line-by-line, guidance, recommendations and justifications but also limitation of the proposed model. This harmonised static, in vitro digestion method for food should aid the production of more comparable data in the future.COST action FA1005 Infogest22 (http://www.cost-infogest.eu/) is acknowledged for providing funding for travel, meetings and conferences