La Concentracion del Poder Economico. Libre Competencia y Ley Antimonopolio

52 p.Este trabajo pretende demostrar que el sistema o régimen antimonopolio en Chile, no prohíbe la concentración del poder económico, limitándose a controlar los abusos que se producen por el dominio de un poder de mercado o posición sobresaliente. Por esto, se sigue un estudio dogmático-jurídico, con el objeto de determinar los conceptos claves relacionados a la materia, sin dejar de lado lo que manifiesta la jurisprudencia, por ser ésta un pilar fundamental en el desarrollo de esta rama del derecho. Ante el problema propuesto y a lo largo de la exposición con que la estructura legislativa, efectivamente, no prohíbe la formación de posiciones dominantes (entre ellas el monopolio), sino que éstas, por el contrario, son protegidas, existiendo posiciones doctrinarias que aprueban la concentración, en razón a las externalidades positivas que esta posiciones puedan generar

¿Cambia mucho el tamaño de grano obtenido mediante tamizado manual frente al mecánico?

Los procesos erosivos en el litoral, junto con la importancia económica del turismo (Houston, 2008), hacen que las realimentaciones periódicas de nuestras playas sean sumamente frecuentes. Y el tamaño de la arena es uno de los más importantes parámetros a la hora proyectar este tipo de obras. La media o la desviación típica del tamaño de grano son imprescindibles para comprobar si la arena de préstamo (terrestre o sumergida) es adecuada para sustituir a la transportada previamente por el mar (Pranzini et al., 2018). Además, el conocimiento de la distribución granulométrica del sedimento hace posible prever la reacción del perfil transversal ante una tormenta (Larson y Kraus, 1991), o calcular la cantidad necesaria de arena para abordar una regeneración (USACE, 2002). Por otra parte, a la hora de tomar decisiones sobre la zona de vertido de una cántara llena de arena, el gestor precisa conocer los parámetros antes mencionados de manera casi inmediata. Eso significa que los análisis del sedimento deben efectuarse a bordo de la draga, mientras se desplaza de la zona de préstamo hacia la costa a regenerar. Sin embargo, debido a la habitual escasez de espacio, a la ausencia de un laboratorio adecuado y al no siempre fiable suministro eléctrico, los tamizados deben hacerse a mano. Ya se ha estudiado la influencia del tiempo de tamizado a la hora de analizar la distribución granulométrica de una arena de playa o de duna (Roman-Sierra et al., 2013). Sin embargo, hasta este momento no se ha analizado la posible diferencia en la media y la desviación típica de una arena tamizada de manera manual a bordo de una draga frente a una tamizadora mecánica en un laboratorio en tierra. Asímismo, para ahorrar espacio y esfuerzo físico, a bordo de la draga suelen usarse tamices de 10 cm de diámetro frente a los más habituales de 20 cm en laboratorio. Para dar respuesta a estas preguntas, se aprovechó una regeneración efectuada en Cádiz en el año 2017 para efectuar una serie de pruebas a bordo de la draga Njord. Los extrapolables y más que útiles resultados, así como la influencia y consecuencias que tienen las diferencias observadas en la dirección de obras de regeneración de playas, se expondrán durante la presentación oral

Role of age and comorbidities in mortality of patients with infective endocarditis

[Purpose]: The aim of this study was to analyse the characteristics of patients with IE in three groups of age and to assess the ability of age and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) to predict mortality. [Methods]: Prospective cohort study of all patients with IE included in the GAMES Spanish database between 2008 and 2015.Patients were stratified into three age groups:<65 years,65 to 80 years,and ≥ 80 years.The area under the receiver-operating characteristic (AUROC) curve was calculated to quantify the diagnostic accuracy of the CCI to predict mortality risk. [Results]: A total of 3120 patients with IE (1327 < 65 years;1291 65-80 years;502 ≥ 80 years) were enrolled.Fever and heart failure were the most common presentations of IE, with no differences among age groups.Patients ≥80 years who underwent surgery were significantly lower compared with other age groups (14.3%,65 years; 20.5%,65-79 years; 31.3%,≥80 years). In-hospital mortality was lower in the <65-year group (20.3%,<65 years;30.1%,65-79 years;34.7%,≥80 years;p < 0.001) as well as 1-year mortality (3.2%, <65 years; 5.5%, 65-80 years;7.6%,≥80 years; p = 0.003).Independent predictors of mortality were age ≥ 80 years (hazard ratio [HR]:2.78;95% confidence interval [CI]:2.32–3.34), CCI ≥ 3 (HR:1.62; 95% CI:1.39–1.88),and non-performed surgery (HR:1.64;95% CI:11.16–1.58).When the three age groups were compared,the AUROC curve for CCI was significantly larger for patients aged <65 years(p < 0.001) for both in-hospital and 1-year mortality. [Conclusion]: There were no differences in the clinical presentation of IE between the groups. Age ≥ 80 years, high comorbidity (measured by CCI),and non-performance of surgery were independent predictors of mortality in patients with IE.CCI could help to identify those patients with IE and surgical indication who present a lower risk of in-hospital and 1-year mortality after surgery, especially in the <65-year group

La ganadería ante escenarios complejos.

La calidad de las contribuciones, producto de la pluma de especialistas en los temas tratados, el presente es un libro que esperamos, basándonos en la importancia de los temas tratados, sea de utilidad y abone a la reflexión de los estudiosos de la ganadería mexicana y, por supuesto, en beneficio de las familias ganaderas y de los consumidores de sus productos.este libro refleja en muchos sentidos la situación de la ganadería mexicana, a la que se le están demandando mayor producción y productividad, que los procesos productivos tengan la menor huella ecológicposible, que los alimentos sean inocuos, que se abatan costos de producción y, cada vez aumentan las presiones de diversos grupos para, que se incluyan los protocolos de bienestar animal, solamente por citar algunos de los retos que tiene. Algunas de estas demandas son complementarias, otras se contraponen, lo que hace valiosos a los estudios que desde las ciencias sociales se realizan y, desde diversas ópticas, se hagan propuestas de política pública balanceadas que consideren lo mejor de cada enfoque, pero sin desechar por completo los antagónicos.Universidad Autónoma Chaping

Enabling planetary science across light-years. Ariel Definition Study Report

Ariel, the Atmospheric Remote-sensing Infrared Exoplanet Large-survey, was adopted as the fourth medium-class mission in ESA's Cosmic Vision programme to be launched in 2029. During its 4-year mission, Ariel will study what exoplanets are made of, how they formed and how they evolve, by surveying a diverse sample of about 1000 extrasolar planets, simultaneously in visible and infrared wavelengths. It is the first mission dedicated to measuring the chemical composition and thermal structures of hundreds of transiting exoplanets, enabling planetary science far beyond the boundaries of the Solar System. The payload consists of an off-axis Cassegrain telescope (primary mirror 1100 mm x 730 mm ellipse) and two separate instruments (FGS and AIRS) covering simultaneously 0.5-7.8 micron spectral range. The satellite is best placed into an L2 orbit to maximise the thermal stability and the field of regard. The payload module is passively cooled via a series of V-Groove radiators; the detectors for the AIRS are the only items that require active cooling via an active Ne JT cooler. The Ariel payload is developed by a consortium of more than 50 institutes from 16 ESA countries, which include the UK, France, Italy, Belgium, Poland, Spain, Austria, Denmark, Ireland, Portugal, Czech Republic, Hungary, the Netherlands, Sweden, Norway, Estonia, and a NASA contribution

The Helicobacter pylori Genome Project : insights into H. pylori population structure from analysis of a worldwide collection of complete genomes

Helicobacter pylori, a dominant member of the gastric microbiota, shares co-evolutionary history with humans. This has led to the development of genetically distinct H. pylori subpopulations associated with the geographic origin of the host and with differential gastric disease risk. Here, we provide insights into H. pylori population structure as a part of the Helicobacter pylori Genome Project (HpGP), a multi-disciplinary initiative aimed at elucidating H. pylori pathogenesis and identifying new therapeutic targets. We collected 1011 well-characterized clinical strains from 50 countries and generated high-quality genome sequences. We analysed core genome diversity and population structure of the HpGP dataset and 255 worldwide reference genomes to outline the ancestral contribution to Eurasian, African, and American populations. We found evidence of substantial contribution of population hpNorthAsia and subpopulation hspUral in Northern European H. pylori. The genomes of H. pylori isolated from northern and southern Indigenous Americans differed in that bacteria isolated in northern Indigenous communities were more similar to North Asian H. pylori while the southern had higher relatedness to hpEastAsia. Notably, we also found a highly clonal yet geographically dispersed North American subpopulation, which is negative for the cag pathogenicity island, and present in 7% of sequenced US genomes. We expect the HpGP dataset and the corresponding strains to become a major asset for H. pylori genomics

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Informe-memoria de la I.A.U. en el S.G. SS- 1 (Parque de Miraflores y Centro de Congresos de Córdoba). Segunda Fase

In this paper are exposed the results obtained from the archeological works carried out on the area of Miraflores' Park and Córdoba Congress Center of (2001-2003). Amoung all the archeological items found, structures from the emirate age identified as being part of the Saqunda suburb are remarkable. This work is focused on their description and analysis.En este trabajo presentamos los resultados obtenidos en la I.A.U. realizada en el Parque de Miraflores y en el Centro de Congresos de Córdoba (2001-2003). Entre los restos arqueológicos documentados destacan las estructuras de época emiral identificadas como parte del denominado arrabal de Saqunda, en cuya descripción y análisis nos centraremos

Materials docents de Fonaments d'Informàtica en Enginyeria de l'Edificació

Materials docents de Fonaments d'Informàtica en Enginyeria de l'Edificaci