Observation of tW production in the single-lepton channel in pp collisions at root s=13 TeV

A measurement of the cross section of the associated production of a single top quark and a W boson in final states with a muon or electron and jets in proton-proton collisions at root s = 13 TeV is presented. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 36 fb(-1) collected with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC in 2016. A boosted decision tree is used to separate the tW signal from the dominant t (t) over bar background, whilst the subleading W+jets and multijet backgrounds are constrained using data-based estimates. This result is the first observation of the tW process in final states containing a muon or electron and jets, with a significance exceeding 5 standard deviations. The cross section is determined to be 89 +/- 4 (stat) +/- 12 (syst) pb, consistent with the standard model.Peer reviewe

Fungal Growth and Pathology

Fungi, an important group with a wide variety of species, shows spectacular development with their unique cell structures. Fungi survive in many different ecosystems with their reproductive abilities and metabolic features. Thanks to wide temperature and pH tolerances, fungi develop on organic and inorganic materials in all ecosystems they are in and maintain the existence of ecosystems by taking part in many cycles. However, examples of pathogens are also available. They are a group of organisms that are environmentally important, such as saprophytes and mutualists, but are pathogens for animals, especially plants. Fungi basically have two different cell structures: yeast, and molds. But some fungi have both of these structures. Depending on the temperature of the environment they are in, they can be found in yeast or mold structures, and fungi with this feature are called dimorphic fungi. Whether it is yeast, mold, or dimorphic fungi, they use their enzymes with high activity to benefit from the nutrients in the environment. Fungi can be easily grown in natural and synthetic media. Yeast can reproduce rapidly with their single-celled structure, while molds and mushrooms are very successful with their hyphae structures

Evaluation of Malignant Mesothelioma in Central Anatolia: A Study of 67 Cases

BACKROUND: Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is a fatal neoplasm which frequently results from exposure to asbestos or erionite

Toxicological evaluation of submerged liquid culture from Phanerochaete chrysosporium mycelium on human blood cells: cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and oxidative damage

Mushrooms produce a variety of bioactive antioxidant secondary metabolites including ectins, polysaccharides, pigments, phenolic compounds, sterols and terpenes. Extracellular and intracellular compounds produced by submerged liquid fermentation are important industrially and economically. Phanerochaete chrysosporium (PC) is the model white-rot fungus that easy cultivation on lignocellulose-containing substrates. PC can be used as a bioprotein source. Aims of this study were to determine the in vitro antioxidant, cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of hot water extract obtained from PC on human peripheral blood monunuclear cells (hPBMCs). Cytotoxicity was determined by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakeage assay and neutral red (NR). Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidant status (TOS) were detected to determine the oxidative damage. Genotoxicity was characterized by micronuclei and chromosome aberrations assays for specify DNA damage. PC (5-75 µg/ml) significantly increased antioxidant capacity and these doses did not cause any significant alterations to cytotoxicity on hPBMCs. The elavated doses of PC (5-250 µg/ml) did not cause increase in genotoxic. Whereas, 250 and 500 µg/ml doses of PC statistically increased TOS levels, NR uptake, LDH release, CA/cell frequency and MN formation however decreased TAC levels. This study is the first time on cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and oxidative damage of PC on hPBMCs. In conclusion, the consumption of PC can be safe for humans, but it has also exposure period and dose-dependent effects on inducing oxidative damage and toxicity on hPBMCs

First multicentre report of in vitro resistance rates in candidaemia isolates in Turkey

WOS: 000485661700047PubMed ID: 30980958Objectives: This study investigated the antifungal resistance rates of isolates from candidaemia patients in 12 tertiary-care centres in Turkey. Methods: A total of 1991 Candida spp. isolates from 12 centres isolated from 1997-2017 were included in the study. Species/species complex (SC) identification was performed using conventional methods in all centres, occasionally accompanied by MALDI-TOF/MS. Antifungal susceptibility testing was performed for amphotericin B, fluconazole, itraconazole, posaconazole, voriconazole and micafungin (as echinocandin class representative) using the CLSI microdilution method. Resistance rates were determined according to CLSI clinical breakpoints (CBPs). For drugs and species with undetermined CBPs, epidemiological cut-off values were used for wild-type (WT)/non-WT categorisation. Results: No or low rates of resistance were detected in general for tested Candida spp. isolates. Specifically, overall resistance to fluconazole in isolates of Candida parapsilosis SC and Candida glabrata SC were 7.7% and 0.9%, respectively. Resistance rates for C. parapsilosis SC varied extensively from one center to other (0-47.1%). Importantly, no echinocandin resistance was detected. Rates of non-WT isolates were also generally low: fluconazole against Candida lusitaniae, 4.3%; posaconazole against C. parapsilosis SC, 3.5%; posaconazole against Candida krusei, 1.9%; and voriconazole against C. glabrata SC, 0.5%. Conclusion: This is the first multicentre report of antifungal resistance rates among candidaemia isolates in Turkey, suggesting low resistance rates in general. Due to varying rates of fluconazole resistance in C. parapsilosis SC isolates that was detected at remarkably high levels in some centres, further studies are warranted to explore the source, clonal relatedness and resistance mechanisms of the isolates. (C) 2019 International Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.PfizerPfizer [WS776070]This study was supported by an Investigator-Initiated Research grant from Pfizer [WS776070 to SA-A]. The sponsor had no role in the study design, data collection or analysis, or manuscript preparation and submission

Approach to cardiovascular disease in women

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) in women is still not completely understood by either patients or physicians. It is perceived as a health problem that becomes manifest only after menopause; however, it is the most frequent cause of mortality in women and is often seen at an earlier age in the presence of risk factors. Moreover, the symptoms, course, and prognosis are quite different from those seen in men, and both physicians and patients remain inadequately aware of the character of the disease. In the approach to female patients, some risk factors inherent to women should be considered in addition to the classic factors. In this review article, aspects of CVD that are different in women, etiological factors, risk factors specific to women, and particular points to be taken into consideration in the treatment and diagnosis are illustrated in the form of questions and responses from experts

Efficacy of regorafenib in the second-and third-line setting for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: A real life data of multicenter study from Turkey

Purpose: After failure of the first-line sorafenib treatment in advanced or metastatic stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), regorafenib is one of the newly-approved targeted agents. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of regorafenib in patients with advanced HCC treated in the secondor third-line setting

Efficacy of regorafenib in the second-and third-line setting for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: A real life data of multicenter study from Turkey

Purpose: After failure of the first-line sorafenib treatment in advanced or metastatic stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), regorafenib is one of the newly-approved targeted agents. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of regorafenib in patients with advanced HCC treated in the secondor third-line setting