Understanding and representation of organizational training programs and their evaluation

[EN] The evaluation of the organizational training is a necessary strategy to guarantee the quality of the training activities in organizations. This research had as an initial objective the development of the first phase of a project funded by the EIT Raw Materials in the “Call for KAVA Education projects”. It officially started on January 2019. The main aim of this research was to define a training program for workers of a specific industrial sector and to evaluate the impact of the skill acquisition of workers through the training program. This paper presents the initial part of the project, the authors were part of the team at that stage. This phase was helpful to obtain the resulting conceptual model from the analysis of the variables involved in an effective learning process. The research tool used for variable identification were three Group Model Building (GMB) sessions with the partners of the project. The resulting model of this paper was helpful to represent through Systems Thinking the phases of a learning process and its evaluation.Ruiz, M.; Igartua, J.; Mindeguia, M.; Orobengoa, M. (2020). Understanding and representation of organizational training programs and their evaluation. International Journal of Production Management and Engineering. 8(2):99-109. https://doi.org/10.4995/ijpme.2020.122719910982Agnaia, A.A. (1996). Assessment of Management Training Needs and Selection for Training: The Case of Libyan Companies. International Journal of Manpower, 17(3), 31-52. https://doi.org/10.1108/01437729610119504Al-Khayyat, R. (1998). Training and Development Needs Assessment: A Practical Model for Partner Institutes. Journal of European Industrial Training, 22(1), 18-28. https://doi.org/10.1108/03090599810197658Alliger, G.M., Tannenbaum, S.I., Bennett, W., Traver, H., Shotland, A. (1997). A Meta- Analysis of the Relations among Training Criteria. 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Singapore Management Review, 24(3), 61-80.Bee, F., Bee, R. (1997). Training Needs Analysis and Evaluation. London: Institute of Personnel and Development.Brown, K.G., Gerhardt, M.W. (2002). Formative evaluation: An integrative practice model and case study. Personnel Psychology, 55, 951-983. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.2002.tb00137.xBuckley, R., Caple, J. (1991). La formación: Teoría and práctica. Madrid: Díaz de Santos.del Valle, I.D., Castillo, M.Á.S. (2005). Problemas y propuestas de medición de la formación en la empresa/Problems and measuring proposals for company training. Cuadernos de estudios empresariales, 15, 27.Desimone, R.L., Werner, J.M., Harris, D.M. (2002). Human resource development. Cincinnati, OH: South Western.Dickenson, P., Blundell, B. (2000). Transferring Quality Management Experience to the Russian Aerospace Industry. Total Quality Management, 11(3), 319-27. https://doi.org/10.1080/0954412006838Foot, M., Hook, C. (1996). Introducing Human Resource Management. Singapore: Longman.Frazis, H., Gittleman, M., Horrigan, M., Joyce, M. (1998). Results from the 1995 Survey of Employer-Provided Training. Monthly Labor Review, 121(6), 3-13.Gasalla, J.M. (2003). Marketing de la formación de directivos: el nuevo directivo en la cultura del aprendizaje. Madrid: Pirámide.Goldstein, I.L. (1993). Training in Organizations. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole.Gray, G.R., Hall, M.E. (1997).Training Practices in State Government Agencies. Public Personnel Management, 26(2), 187-203. https://doi.org/10.1177/009102609702600203Hamblin, A.C. (1974). Evaluation and Control of Training. Maidenhead: McGraw-Hill.Hannum,W., Hansen, C. (1989). Instructional systems development in large organizations. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Educational Technology Publications.Herrero, P.P. (2000). Evaluación del impacto de la formación de las organizaciones. Educar, (27), 119-133.Holton, E.F. (2000). Large-scale Performance-Driven Training Needs Assessment. Public Personnel Management, 29(2), 249-67. https://doi.org/10.1177/009102600002900207Hoppenbrouwers, S., Rouwette, E. (2012). A dialogue game for analysing group model building: framing collaborative modelling and its facilitation. International Journal of Organisational Design and Engineering, 2(1), 19-40. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJODE.2012.045905Kaufman, R., Keller, J.M. (1994). Levels of Evaluation: Beyond Kirkpatrick. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 5(4), 371-80. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrdq.3920050408Kenney, J., Donnelly, P. (1976). Manpower Training and Development. Londres: Harrap.Kirkpatrick, D. (1997). Revisando las Grandes Ideas. Training & Development Digest, September: 28-36.Kirkpatrick, J.D., Kirkpatrick, W.K. (2016). Kirkpatrick's four levels of training evaluation. Association for Talent Development.Kraiger, K., Ford, J.K., Salas, E. (1993). Application of cognitive, skill-based, and affective theories of learning outcomes to new methods of training evaluation. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78, 311-328. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.78.2.311Legare, T.L. (1999). Defining Training Roles and Responsibilities at Partners Healthcare System. National Productivity Review, 19(1), 5-13. https://doi.org/10.1002/npr.4040190103McGehee, R., Thayere, J. (1961) Training in Business and Industry. New York: John Wiley.Moller, L., Mallin, P. (1996). Evaluation practices of instructional designers and organizational support or barriers. Performance Improvement Quarterly, 9(4), 82-92. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1937-8327.1996.tb00740.xNadler, Z., Nadler, L. (2012). Designing training programs. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780080503974Oberman, G. (1996). An Approach for Measuring Safety Training Effectiveness. Occupational Health & Safety, 65(12), 48-58.O'Neill, M. (1998). Cómo enfocar la evaluación de la formación. Info-line (American Society for Training and Development), 1(special issue), 1-18.Phillips, J.J. (2012). Return on investment in training and performance improvement programs. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780080516257Phillips, J.J., Phillips, P.P. (2016). Handbook of training evaluation and measurement methods. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315757230Pineda, P. (1998). El reto de evaluar la formación en la empresa: Herramientas and soluciones. Capital Humano, 111, 32-6.Plant, R.A., Ryan, R.J. (1992).Training Evaluation: A Procedure for Validating an Organizations Investment in Training. Journal of European Industrial Training, 16(10), 22-38. https://doi.org/10.1108/03090599210021720Sarramona, J., Colom, A, Vázquez, G (1994). Estrategias de formación en la empresa. Narcea.Selmer, J. (2000). A Quantitative Needs Assessment Technique for Cross-Cultural Work Adjustment Training. 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Sustainable energy storage devices using laser-induced graphene electrodes

Premi UAB de la Fundació Autònoma Solidària (FAS) als millors Treballs de Fi de Grau sobre desenvolupament sostenible i justícia global. 5a Edició, curs 2020/2021This project presents the development of laser-induced graphene (LIG) electrodes for application on sustainable electrochemical energy storage devices. Cardboard is selected as organic recyclable substrate, upon which fire-retardant treatments and lignin coatings have been tested prior to laser scribing. Laser conditions optimization have provided a cardboard derived conductor material with sheet resistance (Rs) values in the order of tens of Ω·sq-1. Particularly, a newly developed lignin and nanocellulose coating treatment of cardboard has yielded 8.1 Ω·sq-1 Rs, close to the best value reported for LIG on an organic substrate. Electrochemical and morphological characterization of cardboard based LIG showed that it presents a highly porous 3D electroactive surface. This material has been implemented in the fabrication of cardboard derived supercapacitors (SC) and batteries. Compared with polyimide derived LIG, cardboard SCs demonstrate higher areal capacitance (1 mF·cm-2), with similar performance to literature references. On the other hand, the biopolymer-based cardboard battery is the first proof-of-concept of its kind ever reported. Although it presents high internal resistance, the battery provides almost 1 V open circuit voltage, and a maximum power density output of 19.5 µW·cm-2. Thus, this work opens a new pathway in the research of potentially recyclable, biodegradable or even compostable batteries based on cardboard derived laserinduced graphene electrode

Double crystallographic groups and their representations on the Bilbao Crystallographic Server

A new section of databases and programs devoted to double crystallographic groups (point and space groups) has been implemented in the Bilbao Crystallographic Server (http://www.cryst.ehu.es). The double crystallographic groups are required in the study of physical systems whose Hamiltonian includes spin-dependent terms. In the symmetry analysis of such systems, instead of the irreducible representations of the space groups, it is necessary to consider the single- and double-valued irreducible representations of the double space groups. The new section includes databases of symmetry operations (DGENPOS) and of irreducible representations of the double (point and space) groups (REPRESENTATIONS DPG and REPRESENTATIONS DSG). The tool DCOMPATIBILITY RELATIONS provides compatibility relations between the irreducible representations of double space groups at different k-vectors of the Brillouin zone when there is a group-subgroup relation between the corresponding little groups. The program DSITESYM implements the so-called site-symmetry approach, which establishes symmetry relations between localized and extended crystal states, using representations of the double groups. As an application of this approach, the program BANDREP calculates the band representations and the elementary band representations induced from any Wyckoff position of any of the 230 double space groups, giving information about the properties of these bands. Recently, the results of BANDREP have been extensively applied in the description and the search of topological insulators.Comment: 32 pages, 20 figures. Two extra figures and minor typo mistakes fixed. Published versio

New Symmetries in Crystals and Handed Structures

For over a century, the structure of materials has been described by a combination of rotations, rotation-inversions and translational symmetries. By recognizing the reversal of static structural rotations between clockwise and counterclockwise directions as a distinct symmetry operation, here we show that there are many more structural symmetries than are currently recognized in right- or left-handed handed helices, spirals, and in antidistorted structures composed equally of rotations of both handedness. For example, though a helix or spiral cannot possess conventional mirror or inversion symmetries, they can possess them in combination with the rotation reversal symmetry. Similarly, we show that many antidistorted perovskites possess twice the number of symmetry elements as conventionally identified. These new symmetries predict new forms for "roto" properties that relate to static rotations, such as rotoelectricity, piezorotation, and rotomagnetism. They also enable symmetry-based search for new phenomena, such as multiferroicity involving a coupling of spins, electric polarization and static rotations. This work is relevant to structure-property relationships in all material structures with static rotations such as minerals, polymers, proteins, and engineered structures.Comment: 15 Pages, 4 figures, 3 Tables; Fig. 2b has error

Large ferroelectric polarization in the new double perovskite NaLaMnWO6_{6} induced by non-polar instabilities

Based on density functional theory calculations and group theoretical analysis, we have studied NaLaMnWO$_{6}$ compound which has been recently synthesized [Phys. Rev. B 79, 224428 (2009)] and belongs to the $AA'BB'{\rm O}_{6}$ family of double perovskites. At low temperature, the structure has monoclinic $P2_{1}$ symmetry, with layered ordering of the Na and La ions and rocksalt ordering of Mn and W ions. The Mn atoms show an antiferromagnetic (AFM) collinear spin ordering, and the compound has been reported as a potential multiferroic. By comparing the low symmetry structure with a parent phase of $P4/nmm$ symmetry, two distortion modes are found dominant. They correspond to MnO$_{6}$ and WO$_{6}$ octahedron \textit{tilt} modes, often found in many simple perovskites. While in the latter these common tilting instabilities yield non-polar phases, in NaLaMnWO$_{6}$ the additional presence of the $A$-$A^{'}$ cation ordering is sufficient to make these rigid unit modes as a source of the ferroelectricity. Through a trilinear coupling with the two unstable tilting modes, a significant polar distortion is induced, although the system has no intrinsic polar instability. The calculated electric polarization resulting from this polar distortion is as large as $\sim$ 16 ${\mu}{\rm C/cm^{2}}$. Despite its secondary character, this polarization is coupled with the dominant tilting modes and its switching is bound to produce the switching of one of two tilts, enhancing in this way a possible interaction with the magnetic ordering. The transformation of common non-polar purely steric instabilities into sources of ferroelectricity through a controlled modification of the parent structure, as done here by the cation ordering, is a phenomenon to be further explored.Comment: Physical Chemistry Chemical physics (in press

Perovskite B-Site Compositional Control of [110]p Polar Displacement Coupling in an Ambient-Pressure-Stable Bismuth-based Ferroelectric

Eine neuer Blei-freier Bismutperowskit wurde bei Umgebungsdruck in der polaren Pmc21-Struktur gebildet. Messungen liefern Beweise für Ferroelektrizität und Piezoelektrizität. Das Material zeichnet sich durch eine Rotation der Polarisationsrichtung abseits der [111]p-Achse aus und ist somit für das Design von Materialien mit morphotroper Phasengrenze interessant

Advances in ab-initio theory of Multiferroics. Materials and mechanisms: modelling and understanding

Within the broad class of multiferroics (compounds showing a coexistence of magnetism and ferroelectricity), we focus on the subclass of "improper electronic ferroelectrics", i.e. correlated materials where electronic degrees of freedom (such as spin, charge or orbital) drive ferroelectricity. In particular, in spin-induced ferroelectrics, there is not only a {\em coexistence} of the two intriguing magnetic and dipolar orders; rather, there is such an intimate link that one drives the other, suggesting a giant magnetoelectric coupling. Via first-principles approaches based on density functional theory, we review the microscopic mechanisms at the basis of multiferroicity in several compounds, ranging from transition metal oxides to organic multiferroics (MFs) to organic-inorganic hybrids (i.e. metal-organic frameworks, MOFs)Comment: 22 pages, 9 figure

Ferroelectric polarization switching with a remarkably high activation energy in orthorhombic GaFeO3 thin films

This work was supported by the National Research Foundation (NRF) Grants funded by the Korea Government (MSIP) (Grant No. 2012R 1A1A2041628 and 2013R 1A2A2A01068274). The work at Cambridge was supported by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC). AG and RG thank the Department of Science and Technology for the financial support (Grant No. SB/S3/ME/29/2013).Orthorhombic GaFeO3 (o-GFO) with the polar Pna21 space group is a prominent ferrite owing to its piezoelectricity and ferrimagnetism, coupled with magnetoelectric effects. Herein, we demonstrate large ferroelectric remanent polarization in undoped o-GFO thin films by adopting either a hexagonal strontium titanate (STO) or a cubic yttrium-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) substrate. The polarization-electric-field hysteresis curves of the polar c-axis-grown o-GFO film on a SrRuO3/STO substrate show the net switching polarization of ~35 μC cm−2 with an unusually high coercive field (Ec) of ±1400 kV cm−1 at room temperature. The positive-up and negative-down measurement also demonstrates the switching polarization of ~26 μC cm−2. The activation energy for the polarization switching, as obtained by density-functional theory calculations, is remarkably high, 1.05 eV per formula unit. We have theoretically shown that this high value accounts for the extraordinary high Ec and the stability of the polar Pna21 phase over a wide range of temperatures up to 1368 K.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

Optimisation et conduite numerique d'un processus continu de fermentation a alimentation repartie

SIGLECNRS T 58046 / INIST-CNRS - Institut de l'Information Scientifique et TechniqueFRFranc