Sistema de planchado industrial automático

Este Proyecto muestra el diseño de una tarjeta de control para automatizar un centro de planchado industrial, que suministra una potencia de 4 KW en contacto con el tejido, generando vapor en una caldera de 5 litros de capacidad. Para la realización del mismo y la selección de materiales se ha tenido en cuenta la legislación vigente en materia de recipientes a presión. Real Decreto 769/1999, de 7 de mayo, por el que se dictan las disposiciones de aplicación de la Directiva del Parlamento Europeo y del Consejo, 97/23/CE, relativa a los equipos de presión y se modifica el Real Decreto 1244/1979, de 4 de abril, que aprobó el Reglamento de aparatos a presión. Una plancha eléctrica a vapor industrial es como las planchas eléctricas convencionales, con la diferencia de que las industriales cuentan con un depósito de agua mayor y un generador independiente de vapor con capacidad suficiente para realizar la tarea de planchado de una manera más rápida y fácil. El vapor se expulsará por los orificios en la cinta de nuestra plancha, yendo a parar a la prenda que queremos planchar. Estos centros de planchado cuentan con un generador de vapor, que lo va produciendo de manera constante y que es conducido a la plancha a través de un tubo adecuado al caudal de vapor necesario y, a la misma vez, es flexible y ligero, adecuado para soportar la temperatura y la presión necesarias.Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería IndustrialUniversidad Politécnica de Cartagen

comparación de las técnicas de cribado y conizaciones de tres hospitales de la misma comunidad autónoma

El cáncer de cérvix uterino es la tercera neoplasia más frecuente en el mundo en las mujeres. Actualmente la citología y el test del VPH conforman el esqueleto del cribado de este cáncer. Pero la existencia de un cribado oportunista y no poblacional, heterogéneo, distinto en cada comunidad, o incluso en cada hospital dificulta la existencia de una cobertura óptima y penaliza la equidad. Material y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo que incluye pacientes procedentes de tres hospitales de una misma Comunidad Autónoma. Incluye una muestra de 408 mujeres, 222 conizadas y 186 no conizadas. Se han analizado sus características epidemiológicas, la correlación entre la anatomía patológica de la biopsia y la conización, así como determinado la sensibilidad y valor predictivo de las dos técnicas de cribado comparándolas entre hospitales y entre mayores y menores de 30 años. También se ha analizado la recomendación vacunal realizada a las pacientes de nuestra muestra. Resultados: El número de compañeros sexuales es significativamente mayor en las pacientes no conizadas, la indicación quirúrgica de la conización es satisfactoria dado el elevado grado de concordancia entre la biopsia y el resultado anatomopatológico definitivo y destaca la aparición de diferencias significativas en la sensibilidad y el VPP de la citología y la determinación de VPH entre los hospitales. No existen diferencias significativas entre los mayores y menores de 30 años en cuanto a las pruebas de cribado. Conclusiones: La concordancia entre la biopsia y el resultado del cono es elevada, no existiendo sobretratamiento. Las diferentes técnicas empleadas para la determinación del VPH conllevan una diferente eficacia de los métodos de cribado. En nuestra muestra no se ve respaldado el uso de la determinación de VPH únicamente en mayores de 30 años. Existe gran concienciación por parte de los profesionales pero un importante incumplimiento de la recomendación de vacunación por las pacientes

Use of virtual reality for neurodevelopmental disorders: a review of the state of the art and future agenda

[EN] To date, the diagnostic tools for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have been mostly based on qualitative criteria from observational information in contexts with low ecological validity. We are witnessing a growing scientific activity that proposes the use of implicit measures for the evaluation and diagnosis of ASD. These measures are based on processes of a biological and unconscious nature, underlying the capacity of human cognition, and are obtained through the acquisition and treatment of brain, physiological and behavioral responses in order to obtain the behavioral structure of the ASD patient facing a stimulus. The complex relationship between physiological responses and the behavioral structure of the ASD patient requires the use of advanced techniques of signal processing based on cognitive computation. Artificial intelligence (Al) techniques, such as machine learning and neurocomputing applied to the analysis of psychophysiological signals, have demonstrated their robustness for the classification of complex cognitive constructs. Virtual reality (VR) is a tool that allows recreating real-life situations with high sensory fidelity, but at the same time individually controlling each of the situations and stimuli that influence human behavior. It also allows the measurement in real time of human reactions to such stimuli. This document analyzes the latest scientific and technological advances relevant to its applications in the diagnosis of ASD. We conclude that VR is a very valuable tool for ASD research, especially for the evaluation and diagnosis of complex skills and competencies.[ES] Hasta ahora las herramientas diagnósticas de los trastornos del espectro autista (TEA) se basan mayoritariamente en criterios cualitativos de información observacional en contextos con baja validez ecológica. Una creciente actividad científica propone medidas implícitas para la evaluación y diagnóstico del TEA. Dichas medidas se basan en procesos de carácter biológico e inconsciente, subyacentes a la capacidad de cognición humana y son obtenidas a través de la adquisición y tratamiento de respuestas cerebrales, fisiológicas y comportamentales, con el objetivo de obtener la estructura comportamental del paciente TEA ante un estímulo. La compleja relación existente entre respuestas fisiológicas y la estructura comportamental del paciente TEA ante un estímulo, obliga a utilizar técnicas avanzadas de tratamiento de la señal basadas en computación cognitiva. Las técnicas de inteligencia artificial, tales como aprendizaje automático (machine learning) y neurocomputación aplicadas al análisis de señales psicofisiológicas, han demostra do su robustez para la clasificación de complejos constructos cognitivos. La realidad virtual (RV) es una herramienta que permite recrear situaciones de la vida real con una alta fidelidad sensorial, pero al mismo tiempo controlar individualmente cada una de las situaciones y estímulos que influyen en el comportamiento humano. También permite la medición en tiempo real de las reacciones humanas ante tales estímulos. Este documento analiza los últimos avances científicos y tecnológicos relevantes para sus aplicaciones en el diagnóstico del TEA. Afirmamos que la RV es una herramienta muy valiosa para la investigación del TEA, especialmente para la evaluación y diagnóstico de habilidades y competencias complejas.Este trabajo fue apoyado y financiado por el Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad de España, bajo el título: Herramientas avanzadas terapéuticas para la salud mental (DPI2016-77396-R) y Entorno virtual inmersivo para la evaluación y capacitación de niños con trastorno del espectro autista: T Room (IDI-20170912).Alcañiz Raya, ML.; Olmos-Raya, E.; Abad, L. (2019). Uso de entornos virtuales para trastornos del neurodesarrollo: una revisión del estado del arte y agenda futura. Medicina (Buenos Aires). 79:77-81. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/156263S77817

Innovative tools for detection of plant pathogenic viruses and bacteria

Detection of harmful viruses and bacteria in plant material, vectors or natural reservoirs is essential to ensure safe and sustainable agriculture. The techniques available have evolved significantly in the last few years to achieve rapid and reliable detection of pathogens, extraction of the target from the sample being important for optimising detection. For viruses, sample preparation has been simplified by imprinting or squashing plant material or insect vectors onto membranes. To improve the sensitivity of techniques for bacterial detection, a prior enrichment step in liquid or solid medium is advised. Serological and molecular techniques are currently the most appropriate when high numbers of samples need to be analysed. Specific monoclonal and/or recombinant antibodies are available for many plant pathogens and have contributed to the specificity of serological detection. Molecular detection can be optimised through the automatic purification of nucleic acids from pathogens by columns or robotics. New variants of PCR, such as simple or multiplex nested PCR in a single closed tube, co-operative- PCR and real-time monitoring of amplicons or quantitative PCR, allow high sensitivity in the detection of one or several pathogens in a single assay. The latest development in the analysis of nucleic acids is microarray technology, but it requires generic DNA/RNA extraction and pre-amplification methods to increase detection sensitivity. The advances in research that will result from the sequencing of many plant pathogen genomes, especially now in the era of proteomics, represent a new source of information for the future development of sensitive and specific detection techniques for these microorganisms

Requisitos de regularidad y promoción de la materia

El presente trabajo muestra los requisitos formales solicitados a los alumnos que cursan la materia Sistemas y Procedimientos Administrativos (SYPA) de la carrera Licenciatura en Administración.La carga teórica de la materia, el tiempo acotado de dictado y la necesidad de manejar los contenidos teóricos para comprender la aplicación directa a la práctica profesional por parte del alumno, han llevado a través del tiempo a generar distintos métodos y momentos de evaluación por parte de la Cátedra. El alumno debe llevar ambas partes de la materia al mismo tiempo y utilizando cada una para comprender la otra.https://rdu.unc.edu.ar/handle/11086/6472Fil: Goyeneche, María N. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas; Argentina.Fil: Huanchicay, Silvia. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas; Argentina.Fil: Marzo, Osvaldo Emanuel. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas; Argentina.Fil: Olmos, Mariano. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas; Argentina.Educación General (incluye capacitación, pedagogía y didáctica

Mechanistic Framework for the Formation of Different Sulfur Species by Electron Irradiation of n-Dodecanethiol Self-Assembled Monolayers on Au(111) and Au(100)

The electron-induced damage in self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of n-dodecanethiolate on Au(111) and Au(100) single-crystalline surfaces is investigated in situ by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The same irradiation dose produced different adsorbed groups. The damage at the headgroup–substrate interface leads to find dialkyl sulfide (RS–R′) on Au(111), while dialkyl disulfide (RS–SR) and/or thiol (RSH) were produced on Au(100). With regard to C species, significant amounts of C═C are generated on Au(111) but not on Au(100), showing that double bond formation is not triggered through the same pathways on these surfaces. Detailed analysis of a variety of mechanisms, which involved cationic (RS+), anionic (RS–), or thiyl radical (RS•) species, in combination with ab initio density functional theory (DFT) calculation, leads to the conclusion that the radical pathways successfully explain the experimental results. Molecular dynamics simulations show that the n-dodecanethiolate SAMs on both surfaces are equivalent with regard to the van der Waals interactions. The breakage of the S–Au bonds is studied by means of DFT calculations. The thiyl radical would form close to the Au(100) surface, making it likely to react with another thiyl radical or thiolate to form the RS–SR species. On the other hand, for Au(111), the thiyl radical would form farther from the surface, reacting with the alkyl chains of neighboring molecules to form RS–R′ species. The mechanistic framework proposed here is very useful to explain the behavior of related systems.This work was supported in part by CONICET (PIP 0333), ANPCyT (PICT 2017-4519), Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP X786) of Argentina, and Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. J.O.-A. and M.M.M. acknowledge financial support from CONICET through Grant PIP 11220150100141CO, FONCyT PICT-2015-2191, and SeCyT UNC. This work has used computational resources from CCAD, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (http://ccad.unc.edu.ar/) and resources provided by the CYTED co-funded Thematic Network RICAP (517RT0529)

Direct sample preparation methods for the detection of Plum pox virus by real-time RT-PCR

Direct systems to process plant materials allowed high-throughput testing of Plum pox virus (PPV) by real-time reverse transcription (RT)-PCR without nucleic acids purification. Crude plant extracts were diluted in buffer or spotted on membranes to be used as templates. Alternatively, immobilized PPV targets were amplified from fresh sections of plant tissues printed or squashed onto the same supports, without extract preparation. Spot real-time RT-PCR was validated as a PPV diagnostic method in samples collected during the dormancy period and showed high sensitivity (93.6%), specificity (98.0%), and post-test probability (97.9%) towards sharka disease. In an analysis of 2919 Prunus samples by spot real-time RT-PCR and DASI-ELISA 90.8% of the results coincided, demonstrating high agreement (k = 0.77 +/- 0.01) between the two techniques. These results validate the use of immobilized PPV targets and spot real-time RT-PCR as screening method for large-scale analyses. [Int Microbiol 2009; 12(1): 1-6

Virus Content and Growth Patterns of Callus Cultured in vitro from Healthy and Virus-Infected Citrus Species

Stem segments from healthy and virus-infected Pineapple sweet orange, Mexican lime and Etrog citron were cultured on callus-inducing medium. Explants infected with citrus infectious variegation virus (CIVV), psorosis, vein enation and cachexia produced significantly less primary callus than healthy controls, whereas citrus tristeza virus (CTV) did not affect callus production. The growth of secondary callus during subculturing was similar in healthy and infected tissues. Indexing of callus indicated that the number of calli infected with CTV and vein enation decreased drastically with subculturing, whereas the number of calli infected with CIVV and psorosis did not decrease after five subcultures

Are molecular tools solving the challenges posed by detection of plant pathogenic bacteria and viruses?

Plant pathogenic bacteria, phytoplasmas, viruses and viroids are difficult to control, and preventive measures are essential to minimize the losses they cause each year in different crops. In this context, rapid and accurate methods for detection and diagnosis of these plant pathogens are required to apply treatments, undertake agronomic measures or proceed with eradication practices, particularly for quarantine pathogens. In recent years, there has been an exponential increase in the number of protocols based on nucleic-acid tools being those based on PCR or RT-PCR now routinely applied worldwide. Nucleic acid extraction is still necessary in many cases and in practice inhibition problems are decreasing the theoretical sensitivity of molecular detection. For these reasons, integrated protocols that include the use of molecular techniques as screening methods, followed by confirmation by other techniques supported by different biological principles are advisable. Overall, molecular techniques based on different types of PCR amplification and very especially on real-time PCR are leading to high throughput, faster and more accurate detection methods for the most severe plant pathogens, with important benefits for agriculture. Other technologies, such as isothermal amplification, microarrays, etc. have great potential, but their practical development in plant pathology is still underway. Despite these advances, there are some unsolved problems concerning the detection of many plant pathogens due to their low titre in the plants, their uneven distribution, the existence of latent infections and the lack of validated sampling protocols. Research based on genomic advances and innovative detection methods as well as better knowledge of the pathogens' lifecycle, will facilitate their early and accurate detection, thus improving the sanitary status of cultivated plants in the near future

A Multiple Stakeholder Multicriteria Decision Analysis in Diabetic Macular Edema Management: The MULTIDEX‑EMD Study

Background The clinical and economic management of retinal diseases has become more complex following the introduction of new intravitreal treatments. Multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA) offers the potential to overcome the challenges associated with traditional decision-making tools. Objectives A MCDA to determine the most relevant criteria to decision-making in the management of diabetic macular edema (DME) based on the perspectives of multiple stakeholders in Spain was developed. This MCDA was termed the MULTIDEX-EMD study. Methods Nineteen stakeholders (7 physicians, 4 pharmacists, 5 health authorities and health management experts, 1 psychologist, and 2 patient representatives) participated in this three-phase project. In phase A, an advisory board defined all of the criteria that could influence DME treatment decision-making. These criteria were then screened using a discrete choice experiment (DCE) (phase B). Next, a multinomial logit model was fitted by applying the backward elimination algorithm (relevant criteria: p value = 15 letters (p value < 0.001), effect duration per administration (p value = 0.008), retinal detachment (p value < 0.001), endophthalmitis (p value = 0.012), myocardial infarction (p value < 0.001), intravitreal hemorrhage (p value = 0.021), annual treatment cost per patient (p value = 0.001), health-related quality of life (HRQoL) (p value = 0.004), and disability level (p value = 0.021). Conclusions From a multi-stakeholder perspective, the selection of an appropriate treatment for DME patients should guarantee patient safety and maximize the visual acuity improvement and treatment effect duration. It should also contribute to system sustainability by being affordable, it should have a positive impact on HRQoL, and it should prevent disability