A Career in Catalysis: Avelino Corma

As one of the most influential scientists in the field of heterogeneous catalysis and materials science, Prof. Avelino Corma has made significant contributions in many diverse fields, spanning over solid catalysts for petrochemistry, solid catalysts for production of fine chemicals, synthesis of microporous and mesoporous materials, development of inorganic-organic hybrid materials, supported metal catalysts (from isolated metal atoms to nanoclusters and nanoparticles) and photochemistry with solid materials. These experimental approaches are complemented with characterization of solid materials with advanced spectroscopy and microscopy techniques as well as theoretical calculations/modeling. The aim of this Account is to overview Avelino's distinguished scientific career and highlight the most remarkable achievements made in his research activities during >40 years. We attempt to show the evolution of Avelino's research topics in his group throughout his career and the approaches that Avelino has chosen to tackle the challenges encountered. The research paradigm developed by Avelino and his team can be inspiring to the researchers in the field of materials science who are striving to translate the knowledge generated in fundamental studies into practical applications for addressing the new scientific challenges encountered in building a sustainable world

Effectiveness of an intervention for improving drug prescription in primary care patients with multimorbidity and polypharmacy:Study protocol of a cluster randomized clinical trial (Multi-PAP project)

This study was funded by the Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias ISCIII (Grant Numbers PI15/00276, PI15/00572, PI15/00996), REDISSEC (Project Numbers RD12/0001/0012, RD16/0001/0005), and the European Regional Development Fund ("A way to build Europe").Background: Multimorbidity is associated with negative effects both on people's health and on healthcare systems. A key problem linked to multimorbidity is polypharmacy, which in turn is associated with increased risk of partly preventable adverse effects, including mortality. The Ariadne principles describe a model of care based on a thorough assessment of diseases, treatments (and potential interactions), clinical status, context and preferences of patients with multimorbidity, with the aim of prioritizing and sharing realistic treatment goals that guide an individualized management. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a complex intervention that implements the Ariadne principles in a population of young-old patients with multimorbidity and polypharmacy. The intervention seeks to improve the appropriateness of prescribing in primary care (PC), as measured by the medication appropriateness index (MAI) score at 6 and 12months, as compared with usual care. Methods/Design: Design:pragmatic cluster randomized clinical trial. Unit of randomization: family physician (FP). Unit of analysis: patient. Scope: PC health centres in three autonomous communities: Aragon, Madrid, and Andalusia (Spain). Population: patients aged 65-74years with multimorbidity (≥3 chronic diseases) and polypharmacy (≥5 drugs prescribed in ≥3months). Sample size: n=400 (200 per study arm). Intervention: complex intervention based on the implementation of the Ariadne principles with two components: (1) FP training and (2) FP-patient interview. Outcomes: MAI score, health services use, quality of life (Euroqol 5D-5L), pharmacotherapy and adherence to treatment (Morisky-Green, Haynes-Sackett), and clinical and socio-demographic variables. Statistical analysis: primary outcome is the difference in MAI score between T0 and T1 and corresponding 95% confidence interval. Adjustment for confounding factors will be performed by multilevel analysis. All analyses will be carried out in accordance with the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: It is essential to provide evidence concerning interventions on PC patients with polypharmacy and multimorbidity, conducted in the context of routine clinical practice, and involving young-old patients with significant potential for preventing negative health outcomes. Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT02866799Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

Gestión del conocimiento. Perspectiva multidisciplinaria. Volumen 17

El libro “Gestión del Conocimiento. Perspectiva Multidisciplinaria”, Volumen 17 de la Colección Unión Global, es resultado de investigaciones. Los capítulos del libro, son resultados de investigaciones desarrolladas por sus autores. El libro es una publicación internacional, seriada, continua, arbitrada, de acceso abierto a todas las áreas del conocimiento, orientada a contribuir con procesos de gestión del conocimiento científico, tecnológico y humanístico. Con esta colección, se aspira contribuir con el cultivo, la comprensión, la recopilación y la apropiación social del conocimiento en cuanto a patrimonio intangible de la humanidad, con el propósito de hacer aportes con la transformación de las relaciones socioculturales que sustentan la construcción social de los saberes y su reconocimiento como bien público

El triángulo

No publicadoEste grupo de profesores, de los cuales no figuran los centros en los que son docentes, presentan un Proyecto de Investigación Curricular inscrito en el tema La geometría en Educación Secundaria Obligatoria y Bachillerato, dedicado al triángulo. Desde el punto de vista didáctico, el triángulo es la figura geométrica que con mayor facilidad permite que un alumno del ciclo medio comience a profundizar en la geometría sintética elemental. Por ello, el propósito de este trabajo, en el que se estudian los conceptos básicos sobre el triángulo, sus elementos y propiedades, puntos notables y teoremas más importantes; es servir al profesor de guía de consulta rápida para elaborar unidades didácticas tanto a nivel medio como superior. También, y con el mismo fin, se incluye una colección de problemas, ejercicios y actividades relacionados con el tema, de diversos grados de dificultad. Se dirige, pues, a alumnos y alumnas de ESO y Bachillerato.Castilla y LeónES

Synthesis of a hybrid Pd-0/Pd-carbide/carbon catalyst material with high for reactions

[EN] We present a highly selective and active Pd carbon catalyst prepared by an easy hydrothermal synthesis method. This synthetic procedure allows the stabilization under mild conditions of interstitial carbon atoms on the surface of a Pd-0 carbon catalyst. The so formed Pd carbide phase appears on the upper surface layers of the Pd carbon catalyst, as demonstrated by X-ray photoelectron depth profile analysis using variable synchrotron X-ray energies. The presence of carbon in the palladium carbide species modifies the electronic state of surface Pd atoms, resulting in more electron positive Pd species (Pdd+). This influences the adsorption of reactants and reaction intermediates during the hydrogenation of alkynes, dienes and imines, resulting in high selectivities at practically 100% conversion. (C) 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.The research leading to these results has received funding from the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities through "Severo Ochoa"Excellence Programme (SEV-2016-0683) and the PGC2018-097277-B-100 project. The authors also thank the Microscopy Service of UPV for kind help on measurements. A. Garcia-Ortiz thanks "Severo Ochoa" Programme (SEV-2016-0683) for a predoctoral fellowship. J. Cored thanks the Spanish Government (MINECO) for a "Severo Ochoa"grant (BES-2015-075748). D. R. thanks European Research Council project SYNCATMATCH (671093). The NAP-XPS experiments were performed at the NAPP branch of the CIRCE beamline at the ALBA Synchrotron with the collaboration of ALBA staff.Garcia-Ortiz, A.; Vidal, JD.; Iborra Chornet, S.; Climent Olmedo, MJ.; Cored-Bandrés, J.; Ruano-Sánchez, D.; Pérez-Dieste, V.... (2020). Synthesis of a hybrid Pd-0/Pd-carbide/carbon catalyst material with high for reactions. Journal of Catalysis. 389:706-713. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcat.2020.06.036S706713389Borodziński, A., & Bond, G. C. (2008). Selective Hydrogenation of Ethyne in Ethene‐Rich Streams on Palladium Catalysts, Part 2: Steady‐State Kinetics and Effects of Palladium Particle Size, Carbon Monoxide, and Promoters. Catalysis Reviews, 50(3), 379-469. doi:10.1080/01614940802142102Molnár, Á., Sárkány, A., & Varga, M. (2001). Hydrogenation of carbon–carbon multiple bonds: chemo-, regio- and stereo-selectivity. Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical, 173(1-2), 185-221. doi:10.1016/s1381-1169(01)00150-9Jones, W., Wells, P. P., Gibson, E. K., Chutia, A., Silverwood, I. P., Catlow, C. R. A., & Bowker, M. (2019). Carbidisation of Pd Nanoparticles by Ethene Decomposition with Methane Production. ChemCatChem, 11(17), 4334-4339. doi:10.1002/cctc.201900795Bugaev, A. L., Guda, A. A., Pankin, I. A., Groppo, E., Pellegrini, R., Longo, A., … Lamberti, C. (2019). The role of palladium carbides in the catalytic hydrogenation of ethylene over supported palladium nanoparticles. Catalysis Today, 336, 40-44. doi:10.1016/j.cattod.2019.02.068Bugaev, A. L., Guda, A. A., Lazzarini, A., Lomachenko, K. A., Groppo, E., Pellegrini, R., … Lamberti, C. (2017). In situ formation of hydrides and carbides in palladium catalyst: When XANES is better than EXAFS and XRD. Catalysis Today, 283, 119-126. doi:10.1016/j.cattod.2016.02.065Teschner, D., Borsodi, J., Wootsch, A., Révay, Z., Hävecker, M., Knop-Gericke, A., … Schlögl, R. (2008). The Roles of Subsurface Carbon and Hydrogen in Palladium-Catalyzed Alkyne Hydrogenation. Science, 320(5872), 86-89. doi:10.1126/science.1155200Michaelides, A., Hu, P., & Alavi, A. (1999). Physical origin of the high reactivity of subsurface hydrogen in catalytic hydrogenation. The Journal of Chemical Physics, 111(4), 1343-1345. doi:10.1063/1.479392Khan, N. A., Shaikhutdinov, S., & Freund, H.-J. (2006). Acetylene and Ethylene Hydrogenation on Alumina Supported Pd-Ag Model Catalysts. Catalysis Letters, 108(3-4), 159-164. doi:10.1007/s10562-006-0041-yTeschner, D., Révay, Z., Borsodi, J., Hävecker, M., Knop‐Gericke, A., Schlögl, R., … Sautet, P. (2008). Understanding Palladium Hydrogenation Catalysts: When the Nature of the Reactive Molecule Controls the Nature of the Catalyst Active Phase. Angewandte Chemie, 120(48), 9414-9418. doi:10.1002/ange.200802134Teschner, D., Borsodi, J., Kis, Z., Szentmiklósi, L., Révay, Z., Knop-Gericke, A., … Sautet, P. (2010). Role of Hydrogen Species in Palladium-Catalyzed Alkyne Hydrogenation. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 114(5), 2293-2299. doi:10.1021/jp9103799Torres, D., Cinquini, F., & Sautet, P. (2013). Pressure and Temperature Effects on the Formation of a Pd/C Surface Carbide: Insights into the Role of Pd/C as a Selective Catalytic State for the Partial Hydrogenation of Acetylene. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 117(21), 11059-11065. doi:10.1021/jp400059mSingh, N., Nguyen, M.-T., Cantu, D. C., Mehdi, B. L., Browning, N. D., Fulton, J. L., … Lercher, J. A. (2018). Carbon-supported Pt during aqueous phenol hydrogenation with and without applied electrical potential: X-ray absorption and theoretical studies of structure and adsorbates. Journal of Catalysis, 368, 8-19. doi:10.1016/j.jcat.2018.09.021Huang, F., Jia, Z., Diao, J., Yuan, H., Su, D., & Liu, H. (2019). Palladium nanoclusters immobilized on defective nanodiamond-graphene core-shell supports for semihydrogenation of phenylacetylene. Journal of Energy Chemistry, 33, 31-36. doi:10.1016/j.jechem.2018.08.006Okitsu, K., Mizukoshi, Y., Bandow, H., Yamamoto, T. A., Nagata, Y., & Maeda, Y. (1997). Synthesis of Palladium Nanoparticles with Interstitial Carbon by Sonochemical Reduction of Tetrachloropalladate(II) in Aqueous Solution. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 101(28), 5470-5472. doi:10.1021/jp970415fGuo, R., Chen, Q., Li, X., Liu, Y., Wang, C., Bi, W., … Jin, M. (2019). PdCx nanocrystals with tunable compositions for alkyne semihydrogenation. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 7(9), 4714-4720. doi:10.1039/c8ta12002aBeltzung, A., Newton, M. A., Nachtegaal, M., Wu, H., Storti, G., & Morbidelli, M. (2018). Research Update: Distribution and stabilization of Pd catalysts in porous carbon-based supports by aggregation of pre-doped colloidal particles. APL Materials, 6(10), 100704. doi:10.1063/1.5046552Sevilla, M., Fuertes, A. B., & Mokaya, R. (2011). High density hydrogen storage in superactivated carbons from hydrothermally carbonized renewable organic materials. Energy & Environmental Science, 4(4), 1400. doi:10.1039/c0ee00347fLiu, L., Gao, F., Concepción, P., & Corma, A. (2017). A new strategy to transform mono and bimetallic non-noble metal nanoparticles into highly active and chemoselective hydrogenation catalysts. Journal of Catalysis, 350, 218-225. doi:10.1016/j.jcat.2017.03.014Makowski, P., Demir Cakan, R., Antonietti, M., Goettmann, F., & Titirici, M.-M. (2008). Selective partial hydrogenation of hydroxy aromatic derivatives with palladium nanoparticles supported on hydrophilic carbon. Chemical Communications, (8), 999. doi:10.1039/b717928fLiu, L., Puga, A. V., Cored, J., Concepción, P., Pérez-Dieste, V., García, H., & Corma, A. (2018). Sunlight-assisted hydrogenation of CO 2 into ethanol and C2+ hydrocarbons by sodium-promoted Co@C nanocomposites. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 235, 186-196. doi:10.1016/j.apcatb.2018.04.060Liu, L., Concepción, P., & Corma, A. (2016). Non-noble metal catalysts for hydrogenation: A facile method for preparing Co nanoparticles covered with thin layered carbon. Journal of Catalysis, 340, 1-9. doi:10.1016/j.jcat.2016.04.006Cored, J., García-Ortiz, A., Iborra, S., Climent, M. J., Liu, L., Chuang, C.-H., … Corma, A. (2019). Hydrothermal Synthesis of Ruthenium Nanoparticles with a Metallic Core and a Ruthenium Carbide Shell for Low-Temperature Activation of CO2 to Methane. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 141(49), 19304-19311. doi:10.1021/jacs.9b07088C.J. Powell, A.J., NIST Electron Inelastic Mean Free Path Database, version 1.1. National Institute of Standards and Technology: Gaithersburg, MD, 2002.Sharma, H., Bhardwaj, M., Kour, M., & Paul, S. (2017). Highly efficient magnetic Pd(0) nanoparticles stabilized by amine functionalized starch for organic transformations under mild conditions. Molecular Catalysis, 435, 58-68. doi:10.1016/j.mcat.2017.03.019Sadezky, A., Muckenhuber, H., Grothe, H., Niessner, R., & Pöschl, U. (2005). Raman microspectroscopy of soot and related carbonaceous materials: Spectral analysis and structural information. Carbon, 43(8), 1731-1742. doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2005.02.018Baylet, A., Marécot, P., Duprez, D., Castellazzi, P., Groppi, G., & Forzatti, P. (2011). In situ Raman and in situ XRD analysis of PdO reduction and Pd° oxidation supported on γ-Al2O3 catalyst under different atmospheres. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 13(10), 4607. doi:10.1039/c0cp01331eC.D. Wagner, A.V. Naumkin, A. Kraut-Vass, J.W. Allison, C.J. Powell, J.R.Jr. Rumble, NIST Standart Reference Database 20, Version 3.4 can be found under http://srdata.nist.gov/xps/, 2003.Tian, H., Huang, F., Zhu, Y., Liu, S., Han, Y., Jaroniec, M., … Liu, J. (2018). The Development of Yolk–Shell‐Structured Pd&ZnO@Carbon Submicroreactors with High Selectivity and Stability. Advanced Functional Materials, 28(32), 1801737. doi:10.1002/adfm.201801737Peng, L., Zhang, J., Yang, S., Han, B., Sang, X., Liu, C., & Yang, G. (2015). The ionic liquid microphase enhances the catalytic activity of Pd nanoparticles supported by a metal–organic framework. Green Chem., 17(8), 4178-4182. doi:10.1039/c5gc01333jBoucher, M. B., Zugic, B., Cladaras, G., Kammert, J., Marcinkowski, M. D., Lawton, T. J., … Flytzani-Stephanopoulos, M. (2013). Single atom alloy surface analogs in Pd0.18Cu15 nanoparticles for selective hydrogenation reactions. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 15(29), 12187. doi:10.1039/c3cp51538aArmbrüster, M., Kovnir, K., Behrens, M., Teschner, D., Grin, Y., & Schlögl, R. (2010). Pd−Ga Intermetallic Compounds as Highly Selective Semihydrogenation Catalysts. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 132(42), 14745-14747. doi:10.1021/ja106568tPanpranot, J., Phandinthong, K., Sirikajorn, T., Arai, M., & Praserthdam, P. (2007). Impact of palladium silicide formation on the catalytic properties of Pd/SiO2 catalysts in liquid-phase semihydrogenation of phenylacetylene. Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical, 261(1), 29-35. doi:10.1016/j.molcata.2006.07.053Hu, J., Zhou, Z., Zhang, R., Li, L., & Cheng, Z. (2014). Selective hydrogenation of phenylacetylene over a nano-Pd/α-Al2O3 catalyst. Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical, 381, 61-69. doi:10.1016/j.molcata.2013.10.008Markov, P. V., Mashkovsky, I. S., Bragina, G. O., Wärnå, J., Gerasimov, E. Y., Bukhtiyarov, V. I., … Murzin, D. Y. (2019). Particle size effect in liquid-phase hydrogenation of phenylacetylene over Pd catalysts: Experimental data and theoretical analysis. Chemical Engineering Journal, 358, 520-530. doi:10.1016/j.cej.2018.10.016Huang, T. S., Wang, Y. H., Jiang, J. Y., & Jin, Z. L. (2008). PEG-stabilized palladium nanoparticles: An efficient and recyclable catalyst for the selective hydrogenation of 1,5-cyclooctadiene in thermoregulated PEG biphase system. Chinese Chemical Letters, 19(1), 102-104. doi:10.1016/j.cclet.2007.10.042Yuan, T., Gong, H., Kailasam, K., Zhao, Y., Thomas, A., & Zhu, J. (2015). Controlling hydrogenation selectivity with Pd catalysts on carbon nitrides functionalized silica. Journal of Catalysis, 326, 38-42. doi:10.1016/j.jcat.2015.03.007García-Ortiz, A., Vidal, J. D., Climent, M. J., Concepción, P., Corma, A., & Iborra, S. (2019). Chemicals from Biomass: Selective Synthesis of N-Substituted Furfuryl Amines by the One-Pot Direct Reductive Amination of Furanic Aldehydes. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 7(6), 6243-6250. doi:10.1021/acssuschemeng.8b06631Vidal, J. D., Climent, M. J., Concepcion, P., Corma, A., Iborra, S., & Sabater, M. J. (2015). Chemicals from Biomass: Chemoselective Reductive Amination of Ethyl Levulinate with Amines. ACS Catalysis, 5(10), 5812-5821. doi:10.1021/acscatal.5b01113T. Schiffer, G. Oenbrink, Ullmann’s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Wiley-Interscience, New York, 2009, 11, 37–40.Concepción, P., García, S., Hernández-Garrido, J. C., Calvino, J. J., & Corma, A. (2016). A promoting effect of dilution of Pd sites due to gold surface segregation under reaction conditions on supported Pd–Au catalysts for the selective hydrogenation of 1,5-cyclooctadiene. Catalysis Today, 259, 213-221. doi:10.1016/j.cattod.2015.07.022Mubarak, A. T., Alhanash, A. M., Benaissa, M., Hegazy, H. H., & Hamdy, M. S. (2019). In-situ activation of Pd-TUD-1 during the selective reduction of 1,5-cyclooctadiene. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 278, 225-231. doi:10.1016/j.micromeso.2018.11.035Zhang, X., Llabrés i Xamena, F. X., & Corma, A. (2009). Gold(III) – metal organic framework bridges the gap between homogeneous and heterogeneous gold catalysts. Journal of Catalysis, 265(2), 155-160. doi:10.1016/j.jcat.2009.04.021Chatterjee, M., Ishizaka, T., & Kawanami, H. (2016). Reductive amination of furfural to furfurylamine using aqueous ammonia solution and molecular hydrogen: an environmentally friendly approach. Green Chemistry, 18(2), 487-496. doi:10.1039/c5gc01352fKomanoya, T., Kinemura, T., Kita, Y., Kamata, K., & Hara, M. (2017). Electronic Effect of Ruthenium Nanoparticles on Efficient Reductive Amination of Carbonyl Compounds. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 139(33), 11493-11499. doi:10.1021/jacs.7b04481Bagal, D. B., Watile, R. A., Khedkar, M. V., Dhake, K. P., & Bhanage, B. M. (2012). PS-Pd–NHC: an efficient and heterogeneous recyclable catalyst for direct reductive amination of carbonyl compounds with primary/secondary amines in aqueous medium. Catal. Sci. Technol., 2(2), 354-358. doi:10.1039/c1cy00392eBugaev, A. L., Usoltsev, O. A., Lazzarini, A., Lomachenko, K. A., Guda, A. A., Pellegrini, R., … Lamberti, C. (2018). Time-resolved operando studies of carbon supported Pd nanoparticles under hydrogenation reactions by X-ray diffraction and absorption. Faraday Discussions, 208, 187-205. doi:10.1039/c7fd00211dStytsenko, V. D., & Mel’nikov, D. P. (2016). Selective hydrogenation of dienic and acetylenic compounds on metal-containing catalysts. Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry A, 90(5), 932-942. doi:10.1134/s003602441604029

Las prácticas de enseñanza : análisis de las conferencias de supervisión, competencias supervisoras y personalidad de los alumnos en prácticas

1. Establecer la eficacia de los ciclos de supervisión que incluyan conferencias entre profesores supervisores de colegios públicos y alumnos en prácticas de la Escuela Universitaria de Magisterio (EUM) durante el periodo formativo de prácticas de los alumnos. Determinar cuál de los dos ciclos 'Planificación-Observación-Análisis' y 'Conferencias Indirectas' es más significativo respecto al estilo docente de los alumnos en prácticas. 2. Perfilar las dimensiones o factores que caracterizan la figura del profesor supervisor según las percepciones que de ellos tuvieron los alumnos en formación al final de su periodo de prácticas. 3. Predecir la eficacia docente de los alumnos en prácticas de las EUM a partir de sus características personales y de sus rasgos de personalidad junto con predictores provenientes del profesor supervisor, como eran sus datos biográficos y su conducta supervisora en las conferencias de supervisión. Se registraron por medio de magnetófono casete tanto las microlecciones como las conferencias con un total de 76 horas de cinta grabada. Para la codificación se empleó el sistema de análisis de interacción ampliado de E. Amidon y de P. Amidon Rosenshine que miden la conducta instruccional de los alumnos y se empleó el sistema observacional diseñado por Blumberg. El tratamiento estadístico de los datos consistió en un análisis de varianza, distintos test de diferencias y el análisis factorial. 1. Se puede afirmar que el ciclo de supervisión 'planificación-observación-análisis' y las 'conferencias indirectas' no producen diferencias significativas en la enseñanza de los alumnos en prácticas. Tampoco se vio una diferencia significativa entre los grupos experimentales A y B respecto de la conducta supervisora medida por el sistema de Blumberg. 2. De los nueve factores que agrupan las competencias supervisoras son importantes: la programación didáctica, la orientación interpersonal y la personalidad suficiente. 3. Las correlaciones entre el cuestionario CEP de Pinillos y la enseñanza de clase de los alumnos en prácticas son bajas y pequeñas.AndalucíaBiblioteca de Educación del Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte; Calle San Agustín, 5 - 3 Planta; 28014 Madrid; Tel. +34917748000; Fax +34917748026; [email protected]

Diez meses en las cañadas verdes

Se desarrolla un proyecto de innovación educativa que pretende integrar la Educación Ambiental en el currículo del centro para Educación Infantil, Educación Primaria y Educación Secundaria. Se pretende concienciar a la comunidad escolar sobre la necesidad de mantener una relación sostenible con el medio cercano. Se trata de conocer la acciones positivas del centro y los aspectos de mejora en temas medioambientales, para poner en práctica las propuestas de mejora diseñadas y armonizar la relación con el entorno y hacerlo más agradable y humano. Se potencia la sensibilización de la comunidad escolar sobre el respeto, cuidado y recuperación del medio ambiente aportando valores positivos útiles para el futuro. A través del proyecto de innovación educativa se crea una red de centros comprometidos con el medio ambiente para mejorar la calidad educativa en los diferentes niveles educativos a través de los materiales generados. En cuanto a la metodología empleada, el proyecto parte de del nivel de desarrollo de cada niño, adaptándose a sus características madurativas y desde de todas las áreas educativas. El proyecto incita a la reflexión personal y a la comunicación entre los diferentes agentes implicados. La participación del alumnado y del profesorado es activa en todo momento, procurando situaciones de aprendizaje a partir del medio más inmediato y concreto, facilitando su extrapolación al conocimiento de otras realidades ambientales más complejas.Castilla y LeónConsejería de Educación. Dirección General de Universidades e Investigación; Monasterio de Nuestra Señora de Prado, Autovía Puente Colgante s. n.; 47071 Valladolid; +34983411881; +34983411939ES

Relationship between drugs affecting the renin-angiotensin system and colorectal cancer: The MCC-Spain study

The potential protective effect of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitors is a subject of increasing interest due to their possible role as chemopreventive agents against colorectal cancer (CRC). To evaluate this association, we conducted a case-control study with 2165 cases of colorectal cancer, diagnosed between 2007 and 2012, and 3912 population controls frequency matched (by age, sex and region) from the Spanish multicenter case-control study MCC-Spain. We found a significant protective effect of the angiotensin-converting enzyme Inhibitors (ACEIs) against CRC, limited to the under-65years group (OR=0.65 95%CI (0.48-0.89)) and to a lesser degree to men (OR=0.81 95%CI (0.66-0.99). In contrast, the angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) did not show a significant effect. Regarding the duration of use, a greater protection was observed in men as the length of consumption increases. In contrast, in the under-65 stratum, the strongest association was found in short-term treatments. Finally, by analyzing ACEIs effect by colon subsite, we found no differences, except for under 65years old, where the maximum protection was seen in the proximal intestine, descending in the distal and rectum (without statistical significance). In conclusion, our study shows a protective effect on CRC of the ACEis limited to males and people under 65years old, which increases in proximal colon in the latter. If confirmed, these results may suggest a novel approach to proximal CRC prevention, given the shortcomings of colonoscopy screening in this location