Repositioning of the global epicentre of non-optimal cholesterol

High blood cholesterol is typically considered a feature of wealthy western countries1,2. However, dietary and behavioural determinants of blood cholesterol are changing rapidly throughout the world3 and countries are using lipid-lowering medications at varying rates. These changes can have distinct effects on the levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol, which have different effects on human health4,5. However, the trends of HDL and non-HDL cholesterol levels over time have not been previously reported in a global analysis. Here we pooled 1,127 population-based studies that measured blood lipids in 102.6 million individuals aged 18 years and older to estimate trends from 1980 to 2018 in mean total, non-HDL and HDL cholesterol levels for 200 countries. Globally, there was little change in total or non-HDL cholesterol from 1980 to 2018. This was a net effect of increases in low- and middle-income countries, especially in east and southeast Asia, and decreases in high-income western countries, especially those in northwestern Europe, and in central and eastern Europe. As a result, countries with the highest level of non-HDL cholesterol�which is a marker of cardiovascular risk�changed from those in western Europe such as Belgium, Finland, Greenland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland and Malta in 1980 to those in Asia and the Pacific, such as Tokelau, Malaysia, The Philippines and Thailand. In 2017, high non-HDL cholesterol was responsible for an estimated 3.9 million (95 credible interval 3.7 million�4.2 million) worldwide deaths, half of which occurred in east, southeast and south Asia. The global repositioning of lipid-related risk, with non-optimal cholesterol shifting from a distinct feature of high-income countries in northwestern Europe, north America and Australasia to one that affects countries in east and southeast Asia and Oceania should motivate the use of population-based policies and personal interventions to improve nutrition and enhance access to treatment throughout the world. © 2020, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited

Tuberous Sclerosis: Evaluation Of Myofibroblasts In Cutaneous Angiofibromas - Case Report [esclerose Tuberosa: Avaliação De Miofibroblastos Em Angiofibromas Cutâneos - Relato De Caso]

Tuberous sclerosis is a rare autosomal dominant disorder. Myofibroblasts are cells with a hybrid phenotype between fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells. The objective of this study is to describe clinical and histopathological characteristics of tuberous sclerosis and to conduct an immunohistochemical evaluation of myofibroblasts in cutaneous angiofibromas present in this condition. Lesion sections removed were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and Masson's trichrome. Immunohistochemistry against α-SMA was done to determine the presence of myofibroblasts, and the reaction was negative. Since α-SMA is a specific marker for myofibroblasts, this result suggests that myofibroblasts are not involved in cutaneous angiofibromas present in the tuberous sclerosis case reported. ©2010 by Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia.8518488Jó-Wiak, S., Schwartz, R.A., Janniger, C.K., Micha-owicz, R., Chmielik, J., Skin lesions in children with tuberous sclerosis complex: Their prevalence, natural course and diagnostic significance (1998) Int J Dermatol, 37, pp. 911-917Louis, D.N., Von Deimling, A., Hereditary tumor syndromes of the nervous system: Overview and rare syndromes (1995) Brain Pathol, 5, pp. 145-151Kandt, R.S., Tuberous sclerosis complex and neurofibromatosis type 1: The two most common neurocutaneous diseases (2002) Neurol Clin, 20, pp. 941-964MacCollin, M., Kwiatkowski, D., Molecular genetic aspects of the phakomatoses: Tuberous sclerosis complex and neurofibromatosis 1 (2001) Current Opinion in Neurology, 14 (2), pp. 163-169. , DOI 10.1097/00019052-200104000-00005Short, M.P., Adams, R.D., Neurocutaneous diseases (1993) Dermatology in General Medicine, pp. 2249-2290. , Fitzpatrick T, Eisen AZ, Wolff K, Freedberg IM, Austen KR, editors. 4th ed. New York: McGraw-HillGabbiani, G., The biology of the myofibroblasts (1992) Kidney International, 41, pp. 530-532Bitu, C.C., Sobral, L.M., Kellermann, M.G., Martelli-Junior, H., Zecchin, K.G., Graner, E., Coletta, R.D., Heterogeneous presence of myofibroblasts in hereditary gingival fibromatosis (2006) Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 33 (6), pp. 393-400. , DOI 10.1111/j.1600-051X.2006.00928.xWillis, B.C., DuBois, R.M., Borok, Z., Ephitelial origin of myofibroblasts during fibrosis in the lung (2006) Proc Am Thorac Soc, 3, pp. 377-382Bozzo, L., Machado, M.A.N., Almeida, O.P., Lopes, M.A., Coletta, R.D., Hereditary gingival fibromatosis: Report of three cases (2000) J Clin Pediatr Dent, 25, pp. 41-46Almeida Jr., H.L., Dermatologia comparative (2005) An Bras Dermatol, 80, pp. 307-308Berbet, A., Fernandes, C.A.A., Esclerose tuberosa (1997) An Bras Dermatol, 72, pp. 73-77Desmouliére, A., Chaponnier, C., Gabbiani, G., Tissue repair, contraction, and myofibroblasts (2005) Wound Repair Regen, 13, pp. 7-12Smith, P.C., Caceres, M., Martinez, J., Induction of the myofibroblastic phenotype in human gingival fibroblasts by transforming growth factor-beta1: Role of RhoA-ROCK and c-Jun N-terminal kinase signaling pathways (2006) Journal of Periodontal Research, 41 (5), pp. 418-425. , DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2006.00886.xGomez, M.R., (1979) Tuberous Sclerosis, , New York: Raven Pres

A review of cephalopod-environment interactions in European Seas.

Publicado

Soil attributes and efficiency of sulfentrazone on control of purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.) Atributos de solo e a eficiência do sulfentrazone no controle de tiririca (Cyperus rotundus L.)

In the soil, herbicides are submitted to absorption, leaching and degradation by physical, chemical and biological processes or absorbed by plants. All these processes are dependent on soil class and weather conditions and affect the product efficiency on weed control. The objective of this work was to investigate the influence of soil attributes on sulfentrazone efficiency for controlling purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L. ). Soil samples from LVAd (Typic Haplustox), LVd, LVdf and LVef (Typic Haplustox and Typic Eutrustox), NVe (Rhodic Kandiustalf), and LVd (Typic Haplustox) were collected under two crop conditions aiming to have different clay, Fe oxides, and organic matter contents. The soil samples were submitted to granulometric, chemical and mineralogical characterization. A bioassay was used to evaluate the efficacy of sulfentrazone (1.6 L c.p. ha-1) to control purple nutsedge on pre-emergence. The sulfentrazone behaved differently among the studied soil classes. The product efficiency decreased when the soil Fe oxide content increased, following the order: LVAd, LVd, NVe, LVef and LVdf. Clay content, ranging from 240 to 640 g kg-1, and organic matter content, ranging from 12 to 78 g kg-1, did not influence sulfentrazone efficiency.<br>Herbicidas aplicados ao solo são submetidos à adsorção, lixiviação e degradação por processos físicos, químicos e biológicos, além da absorção pelas plantas. Todos esses processos são afetados pela classe dos solos onde foram aplicados e das condições climáticas reinantes logo após a aplicação, que afetarão a eficiência dos produtos no controle de plantas daninhas. Investigaram-se as influências dos atributos de solos e condições de cultivo na eficiência do herbicida sulfentrazone no controle da planta daninha tiririca (Cyperus rotundus L.). O Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo Distrófico (LVAd), o Latossolo Vermelho (LVd - Distrófico; LVdf - Distroférrico; LVef - Eutroférrico) e o Nitossolo Vermelho Eutrófico (NVe) foram coletados sob duas condições de cultivo, visando obter solos com teores diferenciados de argila, óxido de ferro e matéria orgânica. As amostras dos solos foram submetidas à caracterização granulométrica, química e mineralógica e, em seguida, utilizadas no bioensaio de avaliação da eficiência do sulfentrazone (1,6 L p.c. ha-1) no controle da tiririca em condições de pré-emergência. O sulfentrazone apresentou comportamento diferenciado entre as classes de solos estudados e a sua eficiência diminuiu com o aumento do teor de óxido de ferro nos solos, na seguinte ordem: LVAd, LVd, NVe, LVef e LVdf, sendo que as variações nos teores de argila (240 a 640 g kg-1) e da matéria orgânica (12 a 78 g kg-1) dos solos não interferiram na eficiência do sulfentrazone

J-PLUS: Morphological star/galaxy classification by PDF analysis

International audienceAims. Our goal is to morphologically classify the sources identified in the images of the J-PLUS early data release (EDR) as compact (stars) or extended (galaxies) using a dedicated Bayesian classifier.Methods. J-PLUS sources exhibit two distinct populations in the r-band magnitude versus concentration plane, corresponding to compact and extended sources. We modelled the two-population distribution with a skewed Gaussian for compact objects and a log-normal function for the extended objects. The derived model and the number density prior based on J-PLUS EDR data were used to estimate the Bayesian probability that a source is a star or a galaxy. This procedure was applied pointing-by-pointing to account for varying observing conditions and sky positions. Finally, we combined the morphological information from the g, r, and i broad bands in order to improve the classification of low signal-to-noise sources.Results. The derived probabilities are used to compute the pointing-by-pointing number counts of stars and galaxies. The former increases as we approach the Milky Way disk, and the latter are similar across the probed area. The comparison with SDSS in the common regions is satisfactory up to r ~ 21, with consistent numbers of stars and galaxies, and consistent distributions in concentration and (g−i) colour spaces.Conclusions. We implement a morphological star/galaxy classifier based on probability distribution function analysis, providing meaningful probabilities for J-PLUS sources to one magnitude deeper (r ~ 21) than a classical Boolean classification. These probabilities are suited for the statistical study of 150 thousand stars and 101 thousand galaxies with 15 < r ≤ 21 present in the 31.7 deg2 of the J-PLUS EDR. In a future version of the classifier, we will include J-PLUS colour information from 12 photometric bands.Key words: methods: data analysis / Galaxy: stellar content / galaxies: statistic