ANÁLISE DO CONTEÚDO BIOMA CAATINGA EM LIVROS DIDÁTICOS E USO DA GAMIFICAÇÃO NA VIRTUALIZAÇÃO DAS AULAS

This work presents as a central theme the use of gamification in virtual classrooms and a case study in the teaching of the Caatinga biome, it aims to develop didactic instruments and then expand the knowledge of students, for that, some didactic books about the content covered, two didactic instruments developed and evaluating them for their efficiencies. Methodology: The evaluation of didactic books were analyzed according to the same criteria, the application of the didactic instruments were performed using the tools of Google Meet and Zoom, as for the evaluation of the instruments, the data were carried out through an evaluation rubric and some parameters. It was a qualitative and quantitative research. Results: Regarding the number of pages for the content, it was possible to verify an average of 2 pages, therefore, the quantity present in the analyzed books is reduced. Regarding the number of figures that address the content, it was possible to calculate an average of 4.5 figures, that is, the quantity present in the books is low. With regard to the number of examples of fauna, it was possible to verify an average of 9.6 citations. As for the number of examples of flora, it was possible to verify an average of 5.2 citations. The results of the didactic instruments, Board and Quizizz, the instruments showed to complement the students' knowledge, through a more dynamic class.Este trabajo presenta como tema central el uso de la gamificación en aulas virtuales en la enseñanza del bioma Caatinga, tiene como objetivo desarrollar instrumentos didácticos que contribuyan al conocimiento de los estudiantes. Se evaluaron seis libros de texto sobre el contenido cubierto, se elaboraron dos instrumentos didácticos evaluándolos en términos de su eficiencia. Los libros de texto se evaluaron según el criterio de número de páginas destinadas a contenido, figuras y ejemplos de fauna y flora. Y la aplicación de los instrumentos didácticos se realizó utilizando las herramientas de Google Meet y Zoom en 3 escuelas del estado de Sergipe. En cuanto a la evaluación de los instrumentos, los datos se realizaron mediante una rúbrica de evaluación y algunos parámetros. Fue una investigación cualitativa y cuantitativa. En cuanto al número de páginas destinadas a contenido, se pudo comprobar un promedio de 2 páginas, por lo que se reduce la cantidad presente en los libros analizados. En cuanto al número de cifras que abordan el contenido, se pudo calcular un promedio de 4,5 cifras, es decir, la cantidad presente en los libros es baja. En cuanto al número de ejemplares de fauna, se pudo constatar un promedio de 9,6 citas. En cuanto al número de ejemplares de flora, se pudo verificar un promedio de 5.2 citas. Los resultados de los instrumentos didácticos, Tabuleiro y Quizizz, mostraron complementación al conocimiento de los estudiantes, por tratarse de una clase más dinámica.Este trabalho apresenta como tema central o uso da gamificação nas salas de aulas virtuais no ensino do bioma Caatinga, tem como objetivo desenvolver instrumentos didáticos contribuindo para o conhecimento dos discentes. Foram avaliados 6 livros didáticos acerca do conteúdo abordado, elaborado dois instrumentos didáticos avaliando-os quanto suas eficiências. Os livros didáticos foram avaliados seguindo os critérios de número de laudas destinadas ao conteúdo, de figuras e exemplos da fauna e flora. E a aplicação dos instrumentos didáticos foram executados utilizando as ferramentas do Google Meet e Zoom em 3 escolas do estado de Sergipe. Quanto a avaliação dos instrumentos os dados foram realizados por meio de uma rubrica de avaliação e alguns parâmetros. Tratou-se de uma pesquisa quali-quantitativa. Quanto ao número de laudas destinadas ao conteúdo foi possível verificar uma média de 2 laudas, logo, a quantidade presente nos livros analisados é reduzida. Em relação ao número de figuras que abordam o conteúdo foi possível calcular uma média de 4,5 figuras, ou seja, quantidade presente nos livros é baixa. No que se refere ao número de exemplos da fauna foi possível verificar uma média de 9,6 citações. Quanto ao número de exemplos da flora, foi possível verificar uma média de 5,2 citações. Já os resultados dos instrumentos didáticos, Tabuleiro e Quizizz, mostraram complementação ao conhecimento dos alunos, por se tratar de uma aula mais dinâmica

Endotoxin exposure during sensitization to Blomia tropicalis allergens shifts TH2 immunity towards a TH17-mediated airway neutrophilic inflammation: role of TLR4 and TLR2

Experimental evidence and epidemiological studies indicate that exposure to endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (eLPS) or other TLR agonists prevent asthma. We have previously shown in the OVA-model of asthma that eLPS administration during alum-based allergen sensitization blocked the development of lung TH2 immune responses via MyD88 pathway and IL-12/IFN-γ axis. In the present work we determined the effect of eLPS exposure during sensitization to a natural airborne allergen extract derived from the house dust mite Blomia tropicalis (Bt). Mice were subcutaneously sensitized with Bt allergens co-adsorbed onto alum with or without eLPS and challenged twice intranasally with Bt. Cellular and molecular parameters of allergic lung inflammation were evaluated 24 h after the last Bt challenge. Exposure to eLPS but not to ultrapure LPS (upLPS) preparation during sensitization to Bt allergens decreased the influx of eosinophils and increased the influx of neutrophils to the airways. Inhibition of airway eosinophilia was not observed in IFN-γdeficient mice while airway neutrophilia was not observed in IL-17RA-deficient mice as well in mice lacking MyD88, CD14, TLR4 and, surprisingly, TLR2 molecules. Notably, exposure to a synthetic TLR2 agonist (PamCSK4) also induced airway neutrophilia that was dependent on TLR2 and TLR4 molecules. In the OVA model, exposure to eLPS or PamCSK4 suppressed OVA-induced airway inflammation. Our results suggest that B. tropicalis allergens engage TLR4 that potentiates TLR2 signaling. This dual TLR activation during sensitization results in airway neutrophilic inflammation associated with increased frequency of lung TH17 cells. Our work highlight the complex interplay between bacterial products, house dust mite allergens and TLR signaling in the induction of different phenotypes of airway inflammation.State of Sao Paulo Foundation for Research Support (FAPESP - 07/03031-3)State of Sao Paulo Foundation for Research Support (FAPESP - 11/17880-8)CAPES, Brazilian Council of Scientific and Technologic Developmen

ESQUIZOFRENIA: DESVENDANDO OS DESAFIOS E TRATAMENTO

Objective: To discuss, through scientific evidence, the challenges and treatment of schizophrenia. Methods: This is a qualitative integrative literature review. The research involved searching the following databases: SCIELO, LILACS, BDENF, and MEDLINE, using the health science descriptors: "Schizophrenia," "Stigmas," and "Treatment." Inclusion criteria were: articles published between 2014 and 2024, with full-text access freely available, and articles in Portuguese, English, and Spanish related to the theme. Exclusion criteria were: duplicate, incomplete articles, abstracts, reviews, debates, articles published in conference proceedings, and articles not available in full. Results: The integrative literature review revealed several significant challenges in the treatment of schizophrenia. Firstly, the stigma associated with the disease remains a significant barrier, affecting both public perception and patients' self-esteem, and negatively influencing treatment adherence. Scientific evidence shows that despite therapeutic advances, treatment effectiveness is often limited by patients' lack of adherence due to the side effects of antipsychotic medications and inadequate psychosocial support. Conclusion: It is concluded that schizophrenia presents complex challenges that require a multifaceted approach. The literature review highlights that, in addition to pharmacological advances, it is crucial to combat stigma and promote treatment adherence through continuous psychosocial support and personalized interventions. Rehabilitation programs and early interventions are essential to improve long-term outcomes. Thus, for more effective treatment of schizophrenia, an integrated health system combining medical treatments with psychosocial support is necessary, ensuring a comprehensive and patient-centered approach.Objetivo: Discutir por meio das evidências cientificas acerca dos desafios e tratamento da esquizofrenia. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura de caráter qualitativo. A busca dos trabalhos envolvidos na pesquisa foi realizada nas seguintes bases de dados: SCIELO, LILACS, BDENF e MEDLINE, a partir dos descritores em ciências da saúde: "Esquizofrenia", "Estigmas" e "Tratamento". Os critérios de inclusão foram: publicados no período entre 2014 e 2024, cujo acesso ao periódico era livre aos textos completos, artigos em idioma português, inglês e espanhol e relacionados a temática. Critérios de exclusão foram: artigos duplicados, incompletos, resumos, resenhas, debates, artigos publicados em anais de eventos e indisponíveis na íntegra. Resultados: A revisão integrativa da literatura revelou vários desafios significativos no tratamento da esquizofrenia. Primeiramente, o estigma associado à doença continua a ser uma barreira importante, afetando tanto a percepção pública quanto a autoestima dos pacientes, e influenciando negativamente a adesão ao tratamento. Evidências científicas mostram que, apesar dos avanços terapêuticos, a eficácia dos tratamentos é frequentemente limitada pela falta de adesão dos pacientes devido aos efeitos colaterais dos medicamentos antipsicóticos e à falta de apoio psicossocial adequado. Conclusão: Conclui-se que a esquizofrenia apresenta desafios complexos que exigem uma abordagem multifacetada. A revisão da literatura evidencia que, além dos avanços farmacológicos, é crucial combater o estigma e promover a adesão ao tratamento através de suporte psicossocial contínuo e intervenções personalizadas. Programas de reabilitação e intervenções precoces são fundamentais para melhorar os resultados a longo prazo. Assim, para um tratamento mais eficaz da esquizofrenia, é necessário um sistema de saúde integrado que combine tratamentos médicos com apoio psicossocial, garantindo uma abordagem abrangente e centrada no paciente

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries