The Analysis of the Development Strategies of Selected Local Government Units, Including Types of Communes

This operation is aimed at economic growth, meeting the needs of local communities, creating new practical values of the commune, and improving the already existing ones. Local government units are a major reference point for the local development. The aim of this paper is to check whether the type of selected municipalities, urban-rural and rural units influences the direction of local development, as it is in the case of practical values of the unit, available natural resources, and funds. To meet this end, an analysis of the development strategies of three different communal units was made: Krakow municipality, Kęty rural-urban commune, and Klucze rural commune. Based on a comparison of strategic and operational objectives included within the strategies, the hypothesis which claims that the type of units adopted to be analyzed influence the direction of their local development was confirmed. In their objectives of development strategies, all of the studied units emphasize the need to take action for economic development, education, and housing. However, the remaining strategic and operational objectives are divergent. The most significant difference was noticed between the municipality and the rural unit. Their targets range from fulfilling the need for international promotion of the city, to the necessity of ensuring the residents access to water and sewer systems. The conclusions derived from this analysis will allow further research. Its effect is to facilitate the selection of appropriate tools for local development in relation to a certain administrative unit

Merging images — the need and ways to explore the city in the polish literature of the era of light

The subject of the city is one of under-recognised areas of research in the Polish Enlightenment literature. This issue requires a more careful investigation in order to reveal, as far as possible, the overall picture. The purpose of the sketch is to indicate the need for re-examination of the sources and for complementation of the existing knowledge with the image of urban space and communities which inhabits it depicted in the eighteenth century texts. The fi rst part of the considerations recalls the image based on the negation of the city which dominated in the times of king Stanislaus. The second part provides various perspectives on the issue that refl ect a multiplicity of experiences presented in the social, historical, cultural, political, architectural, aesthetic, sensual, as well as anthropological and existential aspect

FASCINATION AND CRITICISM. Art against advertising messages (1989 - 2011)

Celem niniejszej pracy magisterskiej jest prześledzenie przeobrażeń w sztuce polskiej, które następowały po 1989 r. pod wpływem rozpowszechniających się reklam. W centrum moich zainteresowań znalazły się sposoby przejmowania przez artystów ikonografii, kodów oraz języka charakterystycznych dla przekazu reklamowego. Zwracam również uwagę na fascynację twórców nowymi produktami, czego przejawem jest m.in. wykorzystywanie przez nich znaków towarowych najbardziej znanych firm i nadanie im nowych funkcji. Równie istotne wydaje mi się podkreślenie polemiki sztuki ze stereotypami kreowanymi czy utwierdzanymi w przekazach promocyjnych. Szczególne miejsce w moich rozważaniach zajmuje omówienie przejmowania przez sztukę medium reklamy jakim jest billboard. Dla potrzeb niniejszej pracy magisterskiej wybrałam więc kilkoro artystów i formacji artystycznych, których działania, moim zdaniem, stanowią reprezentację wyróżnionych przeze mnie zagadnień.The aim of this MA thesis is to follow the transformations in Polish art, which have taken place since 1989 under the influence of spreading advertising. In the center of my interests are ways of taking over by artists iconography, codes and language characteristic for the advertising message. I pay attention to the artists' fascination with new products which is manifested by using the marks of the most popular companies and giving them new functions have been indication of it. It is equally important for me to highlight the controversy between the art and stereotypes created or confirmed in promotional message. A special object of the research is a problem of billboards' interception by the art. For purposes of this thesis, I chose a few artists and artistic formations whose actions, in my opinion, exemplify issues highlighted by me