Indicators of open innovative process and evaluation of stage openness of the enterprise

На основі аналізу показників оцінки інноваційної діяльності підприємства та аналізу їх прямого або побічного впливу на інноваційний процес обґрунтовано та запропоновано індикатори оцінки відкритого інноваційного процесу. Розроблено методологію оцінки впливу учасників відкритого інноваційного процесу на створення та впровадження інновацій за рівнем їх технологічної готовності та типу інновації, що було апробовано для 28-ми українських підприємствах малого та середнього бізнесу. Встановлено, що інноваційний процес створення та впровадження організаційних та маркетингових інновацій більш відкритий, ніж інноваційний процес створення та впровадження продуктових та процесних інновацій. Поглиблено розуміння масиву індикаторів інноваційного процесу та обґрунтувати застосування індикаторів оцінки етапів відкритого інноваційного процесу відповідно до рівня технологічної готовності та типу інновації.На основе анализа показателей оценки инновационной деятельности предприятий и анализа их прямого или косвенного влияния на инновационный процесс обоснованы и предложены индикаторы оценки открытого инновационного процесса. Разработана методология оценки влияния участников открытого инновационного процесса на создание и внедрение инноваций по уровню их технологической готовности и типу инновации, были апробированы на 28-ми украинских предприятиях малого и среднего бизнеса. Установлено, что инновационный процесс создания и внедрения организационных и маркетинговых инноваций более открытый, чем инновационный процесс создания и внедрения продуктовых и процессных инноваций. Улучшено понимание массива индикаторов инновационного процесса и обосновано применение индикаторов оценки этапов открытого инновационного процесса в соответствии с уровнем технологической готовности и типа инновации.Based on the analysis of the evaluation indicators of the innovation activity of enterprises and the analysis of their direct or indirect influence on the innovation process, the indicators of evaluation of the open innovation process are substantiated and offered. The methodology of evaluating the influence of participants of the open innovation process on the creation and introduction of innovations in terms of their technological readiness and type of innovation has been developed for 28 Ukrainian enterprises of small and medium business. It is established that the innovative process of creation and implementation of organizational and marketing innovations is more open than the innovative process of creation and implementation of product and process innovations. Improved understanding of the array of indicators of the innovation process and justified the use of indicators for assessing the stages of the open innovation process in accordance with the level of technological readiness and type of innovation.The authors received no direct funding for this research

Drinking pattern, abstention and problem drinking as risk factors for depressive symptoms: evidence from three urban Eastern European populations.

PURPOSE: To examine whether the frequency and amount of alcohol consumed in binge drinking sessions, total annual volume of alcohol consumed, problem drinking and abstaining from alcohol are associated with depressive symptoms in Eastern Europe. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Cross-sectional data from a total of 24,381 participants from general population samples of the Czech Republic (N = 7,601), Russia (N = 6,908) and Poland (N = 9,872) aged 45-69 years in 2002-2005. Depressive symptoms were defined as ≥ 16 points on the Centre for Epidemiological Studies - Depression (CES-D) scale. Several alcohol related measures were derived using responses from the graduated frequency questionnaire. Binge drinking was defined at several sex-specific thresholds (ranging from 60+ to 140+ g of ethanol) and two frequencies (at least monthly or weekly). Total annual alcohol intake in grams was also extracted. Problem drinking was defined as ≥ 2 positive answers on the CAGE questionnaire. RESULTS: Problem drinking was consistently associated with approximately a 2-fold increase in odds of depressive symptoms across all countries and in both sexes. Abstaining from alcohol was typically associated with increased odds of depressive symptoms. Analyses separating lifelong abstainers and former drinkers in the Russian cohort revealed that this increased odds was driven by former drinkers. Amongst men, heavy frequent binge drinking was associated with increased odds of depressive symptoms in the Czech Republic and Poland. In women, heavy infrequent binge drinking was associated with increased odds of depressive symptoms in Russia and Poland. Only in Polish men was higher annual volume of alcohol intake associated with increased odds of depressive symptoms. CONCLUSION: Abstaining from alcohol and problem drinking were associated with increased odds of depressive symptoms in these Eastern European populations. Annual volume of alcohol intake as well as frequency and amount of alcohol consumed in a binge drinking session were less consistently associated with depressive symptoms

A theoretical and experimental investigation on the SHS synthesis of (HfTiCN)-TiB2 high-entropy composite

In this work, a fundamental possibility of obtaining a high-entropy ceramic (HfTiCN)-TiB2 composite material by the coupled self-propagating high-temperature synthesis is shown. To search for a stable fixed composition of the HfTiCN compound, the USPEX code was used with the CASTEP interface at 0K. According to the XRD analysis, the obtained SHS product is represented by HfTiCN phase (60 wt%) and TiB2 phase (40 wt%). Based on the results of XRD, elemental analysis, and the heat pattern of combustion of the Hf-Ti-C-N-B powder mixture, a probable mechanism for the formation of the (HfTiCN)-TiB2 composite material during the coupled self-propagating high-temperature synthesis was proposed

Alcohol consumption and physical functioning among middle-aged and older adults in Central and Eastern Europe : results from the HAPIEE study

light-to-moderate drinking is apparently associated with a decreased risk of physical limitations in middle-aged and older adults

Coherent Excitation of a Two-Level Atom driven by a far off-resonant Classical Field: Analytical Solutions

We present an analytical treatment of coherent excitation of a Two-Level Atom driven by a far-off resonant classical field. A class of pulse envelope is obtained for which this problem is exactly solvable. The solutions are given in terms of Heun function which is a generalization of the Hypergeometric function. The degeneracy of Heun to Hypergeometric equation can give all the exactly solvable pulse shapes of Gauss Hypergeometric form, from the generalized pulse shape obtained here. We discuss the application of the results obtained to the generation of XUV.Comment: 9 Pages, 8 Figures. Accepted for Physical Review A as a regular articl

QCD Instantons and the Soft Pomeron

We study the role of semi-classical QCD vacuum solutions in high energy scattering by considering the instanton contribution to hadronic cross sections. We propose a new type of instanton-induced interactions (``instanton ladder'') that leads to the rising with energy hadronic cross section of Regge type (the Pomeron). We argue that this interaction may be responsible for the structure of the soft Pomeron. The intercept is calculated. It has a non-analytic dependence on the strong coupling constant, allowing a non-singular continuation into the non-perturbative region. We derive the Pomeron trajectory, which appears to be approximately linear in some range of (negative) momentum transfer t, but exhibits a curvature at small t. Possible role of instantons in multiparticle production is also discussed.Comment: 20 pages, 8 figures, ReVTe

Impact of perceived control on all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality in three urban populations of Central and Eastern Europe : the HAPIEE study

Background Inverse associations between perceived control and cardiovascular disease (CVD) have been reported in studies from Western Europe and the USA. To assess this relationship across different populations, we investigated the association between perceived control and all-cause and CVD mortality in three population-based cohorts of Eastern European countries. Methods We analysed data from a prospective cohort study in random population samples in Krakow (Poland), Novosibirsk (Russia) and six Czech towns. Baseline survey included structured questionnaire and objective examination in a clinic. Perceived control was assessed using an 11-item scale developed by the MacArthur Foundation Programme on Successful Midlife. Information on vital status was obtained from death registers. Effect of perceived control on mortality was assessed using Cox proportional hazards models. Results A total of 2377 deaths (1003 from CVD) occurred among 27 249 participants over a median 7-year follow-up. In the Czech and Polish cohorts, perceived control was inversely associated with mortality; the adjusted HRs for the lowest versus highest control quintiles were 1.71 (1.34 to 2.19) in men and 1.6 (1.14 to 2.35) in women for all-cause mortality and 2.31 (1.48 to 3.59) and 5.50 (2.14 to 14.13) for CVD deaths. There was no association between perceived control and mortality in Russia; the adjusted HRs for all-cause mortality were 1.03 (0.79 to 1.34) in men and 1.29 (0.82 to 2.02) in women. Conclusions Low perceived control was associated with increased risk of all-cause and CVD mortality in Czech and Polish cohorts but not in Russia. It is possible that this inconsistency may partly reflect a different sociocultural understanding of the concept of control in Russia

Quantifying the contribution of established risk factors to cardiovascular mortality differences between Russia and Norway.

Surprisingly few attempts have been made to quantify the simultaneous contribution of well-established risk factors to CVD mortality differences between countries. We aimed to develop and critically appraise an approach to doing so, applying it to the substantial CVD mortality gap between Russia and Norway using survey data in three cities and mortality risks from the Emerging Risk Factor Collaboration. We estimated the absolute and relative differences in CVD mortality at ages 40-69 years between countries attributable to the risk factors, under the counterfactual that the age- and sex-specific risk factor profile in Russia was as in Norway, and vice-versa. Under the counterfactual that Russia had the Norwegian risk factor profile, the absolute age-standardized CVD mortality gap would decline by 33.3% (95% CI 25.1-40.1) among men and 22.1% (10.4-31.3) among women. In relative terms, the mortality rate ratio (Russia/Norway) would decline from 9-10 to 7-8. Under the counterfactual that Norway had the Russian risk factor profile, the mortality gap reduced less. Well-established CVD risk factors account for a third of the male and around a quarter of the female CVD mortality gap between Russia and Norway. However, these estimates are based on widely held epidemiological assumptions that deserve further scrutiny

Determinants of social inequalities in stroke incidence across Europe:a collaborative analysis of 126 635 individuals from 48 cohort studies

Knowledge on the origins of the social gradient in stroke incidence in different populations is limited. This study aims to estimate the burden of educational class inequalities in stroke incidence and to assess the contribution of risk factors in determining these inequalities across Europe