Aplicación de lean manufacturing en el proceso de transformación de cacao para incrementar la productividad en la empresa Ecommodities - Vitalinti

El presente trabajo tiene como fin la aplicación de la metodología Lean Manufacturing en el proceso de transformación de cacao de la empresa Ecommodities –Vitalinti que tiene como objetivo el aumento de la productividad a 95%segúnlo establecido por la alta dirección. Para lo cual se aplicó la herramienta de diagnóstico (VSM) esto para conocer a detalle tanto la información como los materiales, detectando que la empresa tenía que maquilar para poder atender a sus clientes generando sobrecostos; esto se debe a que no cuentan con procesos establecidos, no hay una correcta distribución de las áreas lo que genera desperdicios por transporte, la falta de conocimiento del comportamiento del producto al momento de tostarlo, desorden en las áreas de trabajo, desperdicios por tiempo se set up. Ante esta situación se aplica herramientas de Lean Manufacturing (SMED, JIT, 5sy control visual),con la finalidad de mejorar sus procesos y eliminar sus desperdicios. Finalmente se concluye que esta aplicación conllevaría a mejorar su productividad, reduciendo sus costos de producción, tiempos de respuesta y sobre todo a tener una cultura de orden y limpieza.Campus Lima Centr

Posible predisposición a embolia pulmonar en el delfín rosado Inia geoffrensis (Blainville, 1817) por contaminación con mercurio en su ecosistema

The Amazonian River Dolphin is an odontocete and therefore a top predator in its ecosystem, it inhabits the Amazon and Orinoco rivers, covering seven countries: Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Guyana, Brazil and Venezuela. The natural concentrations of mercury (Hg) that have been released into the habitat of this freshwater dolphin is ancients, therefore, the bioaccumulation levels of this contaminant in the food web, increases progressively. In addition, it is known that aquatic mammal species have the capacity to neutralize the toxicity of Mercury (Hg), through the formation of a chemical complex with Selenium (Se), called "Tiamannita". Consequently, when this complex is formed, the bioavailability of Se as an antioxidant is reduced, which predisposes to the origin of pathologies such as Steatitis. This yellow fat disease, forms fatty emboli in the blood vessels, especially in the capillaries of the lung, causing disorders in the circulation of this vital respiratory organ, ending with the death of the animal, when the disease is severely present. Consequently, the aim of this work is to review some aspects from Hg and its relationship between Se, and the steatitis caused by the Tiemannita complex, which generates the mortality of the Amazonian river dolphin in the Colombian Amazon ecosystem.El delfín rosado es un odontoceto y como tal es un predador tope en su ecosistema donde habita, en los ríos Amazonas y Orinoco, abarcando siete países: Colombia, Ecuador, Perú, Bolivia, Guyana, Brasil y Venezuela. Las concentraciones naturales de mercurio (Hg) que se han liberado en el hábitat de este delfín de agua dulce es antigua, por tanto, los niveles de bioacumulación de este contaminante en la red trófica, aumenta de manera progresiva. Además, se conoce que las especies de mamíferos acuáticos tienen la capacidad de neutralizar la toxicidad del Mercurio (Hg), a través de la formación de un complejo químico con el Selenio (Se), denominado“ Tiamannita”. Naturalmente que, al formar este complejo, se reduce la biodisponibilidad del Se como antioxidante, lo que predispone al origen de patologías como la conocida esteatitis. Esta enfermedad de la grasa amarilla, forma émbolos grasos en los vasos sanguíneos, especialmente en los capilares del pulmón, provocando trastornos en la circulación de este órgano vital respiratorio, finalizando con la muerte del animal, cuando la enfermedad se presenta severamente. En consecuencia, el objetivo de este trabajo fue revisar los aspectos del Hg y su relación con el Se y la esteatitis originada por el complejo Tiemannita, lo que genera la mortalidad del delfín rosado en el ecosistema amazónico de Colombia

The trophectoderm acts as a niche for the inner cell mass through C/EBPα-regulated IL-6 signaling

IL-6 has been shown to be required for somatic cell reprogramming into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). However, how Il6 expression is regulated and whether it plays a role during embryo development remains unknown. Here, we describe that IL-6 is necessary for C/EBPα-enhanced reprogramming of B cells into iPSCs but not for B cell to macrophage transdifferentiation. C/EBPα overexpression activates both Il6 and Il6ra genes in B cells and in PSCs. In embryo development, Cebpa is enriched in the trophectoderm of blastocysts together with Il6, while Il6ra is mostly expressed in the inner cell mass (ICM). In addition, Il6 expression in blastocysts requires Cebpa. Blastocysts secrete IL-6 and neutralization of the cytokine delays the morula to blastocyst transition. The observed requirement of C/EBPα-regulated IL-6 signaling for pluripotency during somatic cell reprogramming thus recapitulates a physiologic mechanism in which the trophectoderm acts as niche for the ICM through the secretion of IL-6.Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved

Morphological and molecular analysis of cryptic native and invasive freshwater snails in Chile

Species delimitation in minute freshwater snails is often difcult to perform using solely shell morphology. The problem intensifes when invasive species spread within the distribution range of morphologically similar native species. In Chile, the Truncatelloidean snails are represented by the native genera Heleobia and Potamolithus plus the invasive mudsnail Potamopyrgus antipodarum, which can easily be confused. Using an integrative approach, we performed molecular phylogenetic analysis and studied reproductive and morphological features to identify superfcially similar forms inhabiting the central area of the country. Truncatelloidean snails were identifed in 40 of 51 localities sampled, 10 containing Potamopyrgus antipodarum, 23 Heleobia and 7 Potamolithus. Based on these results and previously published data, the known distribution of the mudsnail in Chile encompasses 6 hydrological basins, including 18 freshwater ecosystems. The fnding of the mudsnails in several type localities of native species/subspecies of “Heleobia” that were not fnd in situ suggests species replacement or signifcant extinction of native fauna, a hypothesis supported by the restudy of type material that shows that endemic forms belong to the genus Potamolithus. This study shows the usefulness of integrative taxonomy not only resolving complex taxa with cryptic morphology but also measuring the extent of an ongoing invasion.Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Muse

Correlation of Serotype-Specific Dengue Virus Infection with Clinical Manifestations

Dengue virus (DENV) causes disease in millions of people annually and disproportionately affects those in the developing world. DENVs may be divided into four serotypes (DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3, and DENV-4) and a geographical region may be affected by one or more DENV serotypes simultaneously. Infection with DENV may cause life-threatening disease such as dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) or dengue shock syndrome (DSS), but more often causes less severe manifestations affecting a wide range of organs. Although many previous reports have explored the role of the different DENV serotypes in the development of severe manifestations, little attention has focused on the relative role of each DENV serotype in the development of cutaneous, respiratory, gastrointestinal, musculoskeletal, and neurological manifestations. We recruited a large group of participants from four countries in South America to compare the prevalence of more than 30 manifestations among the four different DENV serotypes. We found that certain DENV serotypes were often associated with a higher prevalence of a certain manifestation (e.g., DENV-3 and diarrhea) or manifestation group (e.g., DENV-4 and cutaneous manifestations)

Arboviral Etiologies of Acute Febrile Illnesses in Western South America, 2000–2007

Over recent decades, the variety and quantity of diseases caused by viruses transmitted to humans by mosquitoes and other arthropods (also known as arboviruses) have increased around the world. One difficulty in studying these diseases is the fact that the symptoms are often non-descript, with patients reporting such symptoms as low-grade fever and headache. Our goal in this study was to use laboratory tests to determine the causes of such non-descript illnesses in sites in four countries in South America, focusing on arboviruses. We established a surveillance network in 13 locations in Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, and Paraguay, where patient samples were collected and then sent to a central laboratory for testing. Between May 2000 and December 2007, blood serum samples were collected from more than 20,000 participants with fever, and recent arbovirus infection was detected for nearly one third of them. The most common viruses were dengue viruses (genera Flavivirus). We also detected infection by viruses from other genera, including Alphavirus and Orthobunyavirus. This data is important for understanding how such viruses might emerge as significant human pathogens

Dissecting the Shared Genetic Architecture of Suicide Attempt, Psychiatric Disorders, and Known Risk Factors

Background Suicide is a leading cause of death worldwide, and nonfatal suicide attempts, which occur far more frequently, are a major source of disability and social and economic burden. Both have substantial genetic etiology, which is partially shared and partially distinct from that of related psychiatric disorders. Methods We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 29,782 suicide attempt (SA) cases and 519,961 controls in the International Suicide Genetics Consortium (ISGC). The GWAS of SA was conditioned on psychiatric disorders using GWAS summary statistics via multitrait-based conditional and joint analysis, to remove genetic effects on SA mediated by psychiatric disorders. We investigated the shared and divergent genetic architectures of SA, psychiatric disorders, and other known risk factors. Results Two loci reached genome-wide significance for SA: the major histocompatibility complex and an intergenic locus on chromosome 7, the latter of which remained associated with SA after conditioning on psychiatric disorders and replicated in an independent cohort from the Million Veteran Program. This locus has been implicated in risk-taking behavior, smoking, and insomnia. SA showed strong genetic correlation with psychiatric disorders, particularly major depression, and also with smoking, pain, risk-taking behavior, sleep disturbances, lower educational attainment, reproductive traits, lower socioeconomic status, and poorer general health. After conditioning on psychiatric disorders, the genetic correlations between SA and psychiatric disorders decreased, whereas those with nonpsychiatric traits remained largely unchanged. Conclusions Our results identify a risk locus that contributes more strongly to SA than other phenotypes and suggest a shared underlying biology between SA and known risk factors that is not mediated by psychiatric disorders.Peer reviewe

Global overview of the management of acute cholecystitis during the COVID-19 pandemic (CHOLECOVID study)

Background: This study provides a global overview of the management of patients with acute cholecystitis during the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: CHOLECOVID is an international, multicentre, observational comparative study of patients admitted to hospital with acute cholecystitis during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data on management were collected for a 2-month study interval coincident with the WHO declaration of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and compared with an equivalent pre-pandemic time interval. Mediation analysis examined the influence of SARS-COV-2 infection on 30-day mortality. Results: This study collected data on 9783 patients with acute cholecystitis admitted to 247 hospitals across the world. The pandemic was associated with reduced availability of surgical workforce and operating facilities globally, a significant shift to worse severity of disease, and increased use of conservative management. There was a reduction (both absolute and proportionate) in the number of patients undergoing cholecystectomy from 3095 patients (56.2 per cent) pre-pandemic to 1998 patients (46.2 per cent) during the pandemic but there was no difference in 30-day all-cause mortality after cholecystectomy comparing the pre-pandemic interval with the pandemic (13 patients (0.4 per cent) pre-pandemic to 13 patients (0.6 per cent) pandemic; P = 0.355). In mediation analysis, an admission with acute cholecystitis during the pandemic was associated with a non-significant increased risk of death (OR 1.29, 95 per cent c.i. 0.93 to 1.79, P = 0.121). Conclusion: CHOLECOVID provides a unique overview of the treatment of patients with cholecystitis across the globe during the first months of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. The study highlights the need for system resilience in retention of elective surgical activity. Cholecystectomy was associated with a low risk of mortality and deferral of treatment results in an increase in avoidable morbidity that represents the non-COVID cost of this pandemic

Association of Brain Age, Lesion Volume, and Functional Outcome in Patients With Stroke

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Functional outcomes after stroke are strongly related to focal injury measures. However, the role of global brain health is less clear. In this study, we examined the impact of brain age, a measure of neurobiological aging derived from whole-brain structural neuroimaging, on poststroke outcomes, with a focus on sensorimotor performance. We hypothesized that more lesion damage would result in older brain age, which would in turn be associated with poorer outcomes. Related, we expected that brain age would mediate the relationship between lesion damage and outcomes. Finally, we hypothesized that structural brain resilience, which we define in the context of stroke as younger brain age given matched lesion damage, would differentiate people with good vs poor outcomes. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional observational study using a multisite dataset of 3-dimensional brain structural MRIs and clinical measures from the ENIGMA Stroke Recovery. Brain age was calculated from 77 neuroanatomical features using a ridge regression model trained and validated on 4,314 healthy controls. We performed a 3-step mediation analysis with robust mixed-effects linear regression models to examine relationships between brain age, lesion damage, and stroke outcomes. We used propensity score matching and logistic regression to examine whether brain resilience predicts good vs poor outcomes in patients with matched lesion damage. RESULTS: We examined 963 patients across 38 cohorts. Greater lesion damage was associated with older brain age (β = 0.21; 95% CI 0.04-0.38, DISCUSSION: We provide evidence that younger brain age is associated with superior poststroke outcomes and modifies the impact of focal damage. The inclusion of imaging-based assessments of brain age and brain resilience may improve the prediction of poststroke outcomes compared with focal injury measures alone, opening new possibilities for potential therapeutic targets