WATER QUALITY STATUS OF WHITE LEG SHRIMP FARMING AREAS IN BINH DAI DISTRICT, BEN TRE PROVINCE, VIETNAM

This study focused on water quality assessment of farmed shrimp ponds in Binh Dai District, Ben Tre Province. The goals of the study were to provide chemical parameters of pond water for farmers, to identify problems and causes in farmed shrimp related to water quality and disease, and to help managers find appropriate solutions to minimize damage to local shrimp farming. Water samples were collected monthly from January to June 2021 from 90 vannamei farmers in six different areas, including Vang Quoi Dong, Dinh Trung Binh Thoi, Phu Long, Phu Vang, and Binh Thang of Binh Dai District. Parameters investigated in this study included pH, alkalinity, NH4+, NH3, NO2- and three other minerals. Water quality parameters were analyzed based on APHA standard analysis methods. The results showed that the water quality of shrimp farming areas in Binh Dai fluctuated from time to time, and water quality parameters were suitable for vannamei shrimp farming. However, the concentration of NO2- was always higher than the permitted threshold. The results from cluster analysis and MANOVA testing showed that water quality of the shrimp farming areas in Binh Dai was significantly different (p < 0.05), especially NO2-, Ca, Mg and alkalinity. These findings suggest that farmers must apply proper solutions for water quality management in each farming area to maximize crop production

Village Baseline Study: Site Analysis Report for Tra Hat Village, Vinh Loi, Bac Lieu, Viet Nam (VNM 03)

This report presents data collected from the Village Baseline Study conducted on 2-4 October 2014 at the Tra Hat village, Vinh Loi district, Bac Lieu, Vietnam. Data were collected through focus group discussions and participatory resource mapping with community members in the village. The Village Baseline Study is part of the baseline activities conducted under the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture, and Food Security (CCAFS) in South East Asia. The purpose is to collect data for indicators that will allow site comparability and monitoring to assess changes in terms of food security and natural resource management across time. Results show that the men and women in Tra Hat village consider farmland, rivers and canals as important natural resources. The quality, however, of land, water and wildlife habitats has declined in the last decade along with the improvement of farming techniques and intensive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Infrastructures such as roads, internal canals, hospitals, schools, water supply station and electricity transformer station have improved. The future is envisioned to have improved internal canals in farmlands and a developed irrigation system, dykes and sluices to support high agriculture production. Home garden diversification was also believed to enhance food security and improve livelihood resilience. To turn the vision into reality, the community expects support from the different organizations working in the area considering current impacts of salinity intrusion and sea level rise, the need interventions of CCAFS and its partners. Strengthening the irrigation system, improving local rice variety, and introducing modern farming techniques taking into account negative impacts of climate change are major recommendation for future intervention

Preliminary data on the aquatic invertebrate fauna of the Ma River, Thanh Hoa province: Research article

A field survey for the invertebrate fauna conducted in the Ma River, Thanh Hoa province in 2013. The research applied multivariable analysis performed by the Primer v.6 software, such as CLUSTER, one-way ANOSIM, BEST and DIVERSE. The results showed a list of 138 aquatic invertebrate species. Of these, most were freshwater wide-distributing species coupled with others characterized for brackish and marine waters. The biodiversity status was quite high compared to several other rivers in the North of Vietnam. The list contained many economic-valued species and 2 of these were listed in the Red Data Book of Vietnam. The aquatic invertebrates showed a significant relation to the two different combinations of physiochemical factors for zooplanktons and zoobenthos, respectively. The values of the species number, abundance and Shannon-Weiner index for both of zooplanktons and zoobenthos showed a curved trend from the upper river segments to lower river segments. These figures for zooplanktons peaked in the middle river segments, whereas the numbers for zoobenthos achieved the highest numbers in the estuaries. The species composition of the estuaries differentiated significantly from that of other freshwater habitats.Năm 2013 đã tiến hành một đợt điều tra khu hệ động vật không xương sống sông Mã, tỉnh Thanh Hóa. Nghiên cứu sử các phân tích đa biến thông qua phần mền Primer v.6, bao gồm: CLUSTER, one-way ANOSIM, BEST và DIVERSE. Kết quả phân tích thu được 138 loài với thành phần loài chủ yếu là những loài nước ngọt thường gặp và phân bố rộng, ngoài ra còn có các loài đặc trưng cho nước lợ và mặn. Trong số các loài thu được, nhiều loài có giá trị kinh tế và 2 loài có tên trong Sách Đỏ Việt Nam. Khu hệ động vật không xương sống sông Mã có quan hệ chặt với hai nhóm chỉ số thủy lý hóa học khác nhau, tương ứng cho động vật nổi và động vật đáy. Giá trị các chỉ số sinh học gồm số lượng loài, mật độ và Shannon-Weiner hồi quy theo đường cong phi tuyến từ thượng lưu tới hạ lưu; đạt giá trị cao nhất tại cửa sông đối với động vật đáy và vùng trung lưu với động vật nổi. Thành phần loài cửa sông khác biệt rõ rệt với thành phần loài các sinh cảnh nước ngọt khác

CSA: Thực hành nông nghiệp thông minh với khí hậu ở Việt Nam

During the last five years, Vietnam has been one of the countries most affected by climate change. Severe typhoons, flooding, cold spells, salinity intrusion, and drought have affected agriculture production across the country, from upland to lowland regions. Fortunately for Vietnam, continuous work in developing climate-smart agriculture has been occurring in research organizations and among innovative farmers and entrepreneurs. Application of various CSA practices and technologies to adapt to the impact of climate change in agriculture production have been expanding. However, there is a need to accelerate the scaling process of these practices and technologies in order to ensure growth of agriculture production and food security, increase income of farmers, make farming climate resilient, and contribute to global climate change mitigation. This book aims to provide basic information to researchers, managers, and technicians and extentionists at different levels on what CSA practices and technologies can be up scaled in different locations in Vietnam

Safety and efficacy of fluoxetine on functional outcome after acute stroke (AFFINITY): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Background Trials of fluoxetine for recovery after stroke report conflicting results. The Assessment oF FluoxetINe In sTroke recoverY (AFFINITY) trial aimed to show if daily oral fluoxetine for 6 months after stroke improves functional outcome in an ethnically diverse population. Methods AFFINITY was a randomised, parallel-group, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial done in 43 hospital stroke units in Australia (n=29), New Zealand (four), and Vietnam (ten). Eligible patients were adults (aged ≥18 years) with a clinical diagnosis of acute stroke in the previous 2–15 days, brain imaging consistent with ischaemic or haemorrhagic stroke, and a persisting neurological deficit that produced a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 1 or more. Patients were randomly assigned 1:1 via a web-based system using a minimisation algorithm to once daily, oral fluoxetine 20 mg capsules or matching placebo for 6 months. Patients, carers, investigators, and outcome assessors were masked to the treatment allocation. The primary outcome was functional status, measured by the mRS, at 6 months. The primary analysis was an ordinal logistic regression of the mRS at 6 months, adjusted for minimisation variables. Primary and safety analyses were done according to the patient's treatment allocation. The trial is registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, ACTRN12611000774921. Findings Between Jan 11, 2013, and June 30, 2019, 1280 patients were recruited in Australia (n=532), New Zealand (n=42), and Vietnam (n=706), of whom 642 were randomly assigned to fluoxetine and 638 were randomly assigned to placebo. Mean duration of trial treatment was 167 days (SD 48·1). At 6 months, mRS data were available in 624 (97%) patients in the fluoxetine group and 632 (99%) in the placebo group. The distribution of mRS categories was similar in the fluoxetine and placebo groups (adjusted common odds ratio 0·94, 95% CI 0·76–1·15; p=0·53). Compared with patients in the placebo group, patients in the fluoxetine group had more falls (20 [3%] vs seven [1%]; p=0·018), bone fractures (19 [3%] vs six [1%]; p=0·014), and epileptic seizures (ten [2%] vs two [<1%]; p=0·038) at 6 months. Interpretation Oral fluoxetine 20 mg daily for 6 months after acute stroke did not improve functional outcome and increased the risk of falls, bone fractures, and epileptic seizures. These results do not support the use of fluoxetine to improve functional outcome after stroke

Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome

The sequence of the human genome encodes the genetic instructions for human physiology, as well as rich information about human evolution. In 2001, the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium reported a draft sequence of the euchromatic portion of the human genome. Since then, the international collaboration has worked to convert this draft into a genome sequence with high accuracy and nearly complete coverage. Here, we report the result of this finishing process. The current genome sequence (Build 35) contains 2.85 billion nucleotides interrupted by only 341 gaps. It covers ∼99% of the euchromatic genome and is accurate to an error rate of ∼1 event per 100,000 bases. Many of the remaining euchromatic gaps are associated with segmental duplications and will require focused work with new methods. The near-complete sequence, the first for a vertebrate, greatly improves the precision of biological analyses of the human genome including studies of gene number, birth and death. Notably, the human enome seems to encode only 20,000-25,000 protein-coding genes. The genome sequence reported here should serve as a firm foundation for biomedical research in the decades ahead

Chuyên san Dạy và Học - số 38 - Hòa nhập

Quý độc giả thân mến, Khi nhắc tới đa dạng và bao hàm trong giáo dục, bên cạnh vấn đề về sắc tộc, xuất xứ, giới tính, còn một khía cạnh nữa đáng quan tâm là “đa dạng hệ thần kinh” (neurodiversity). Đa dạng hệ thần kinh là một phong trào khởi đầu bởi nhà xã hội học Judy Singer, với nỗ lực chuyển hướng cách nhìn nhận về các rối loạn phát triển thần kinh (như tự kỷ và tăng động giảm chú ý) từ một góc nhìn bệnh lý sang một mô hình xã hội. Mặc dù còn nhiều tranh luận xoay quanh phong trào cũng như thuật ngữ này, sự ra đời của nó đã mang tới một khẳng định tất cả chúng ta cần phải suy ngẫm: liệu rằng các vấn đề rối loạn phát triển là những ‘căn bệnh’ khó chữa hay do xã hội này đang đặt ra các tiêu chuẩn khiến cho những cá thể “khác biệt” đó không thể hòa nhập vào? Lấy cảm hứng từ chủ đề này, BBT Lộn xộn xin được gửi tới quý độc giả Dạy &amp; Học số 39 với tựa đề “Hòa nhập”. Trong bối cảnh các dịch vụ chuyên nghiệp dành cho các cá nhân có rối loạn phát triển thần kinh còn chưa phát triển và dễ tiếp cận với số đông, các bài viết trong Dạy&amp;Học số 39 mong muốn cung cấp các hiểu biết ban đầu về một số hội chứng/rối loạn phổ biến. Bởi hiểu biết và công nhận luôn là bước đầu tiên trong mọi tiến trình giúp đỡ. Bài viết “Đa dạng hệ trí não trong giáo dục” là một báo cáo của OCED về các phương pháp giảng dạy cũng như đánh giá đối với các lớp học có các học sinh khác biệt về trí não. “Thế nào là chứng khó học toán”, “Nhận diện ADHD trong lớp học” lần lượt cung cấp một số chỉ báo để giáo viên và phụ huynh có thể bước đầu theo dõi các khó khăn học tập ở các em học sinh. “Lớp học cho trẻ ADHD” cung cấp một số hướng dẫn kết hợp các cách thức hỗ trợ các học sinh ADHD vào các lớp học thông thường. Các rối loạn tinh thần cũng thường được bao gồm trong các thảo luận về đa dạng hệ thần kinh. “Phương pháp giáo dục giúp chữa lành vết thương tâm lý ở trẻ” kể câu chuyện về cách dự án ATLAS giúp đỡ các học sinh có sang chấn tâm lý. “Giáo dục đang đương đầu với ba cuộc khủng hoảng: sức khỏe tinh thần chỉ là một trong số đó” cảnh cáo những vấn đề cấp thiết nhất mà thế hệ trẻ tuổi đang phải đối mặt. Và “Sự vô tư của trẻ phản ánh cuộc sống hạnh phúc” là lời nhắc nhở về điều quan trọng nhất đối với trẻ nhỏ - thứ giúp xây dựng một nền tảng tâm lý vững mạnh cho quá trình trưởng thành. Cuối cùng, “Đứa trẻ cuối cùng mang hội chứng Down” mặc dù tập trung vào một rối loạn không thuộc phạm trù thần kinh học, lại là một phóng sự xuất sắc về các vấn đề đạo đức, chấp nhận sự đa dạng của xã hội, những vấn đề cốt lõi mà phong trào đa dạng thần kinh học quan tâm. Xin chúc Quý vị có những khoảng thời gian thú vị. Trân trọng, Ban Biên tập Lộn Xộ

Ecological impact assessment of irrigation dam in the Mekong Delta using intertidal nematode communities as bioindicators

The ecological response of nematode communities to dam construction has limited attention. In this study, the response of intertidal nematode communities in the Ba Lai River (Mekong Delta, Vietnam) to the construction of an irrigation dam was investigated. Nematode communities and environmental parameters were investigated during the rainy season of 2015. The obtained results showed that the Ba Lai dam had caused negative impacts on the local environment by disrupting longitudinal connectivity, the accumulation of nutrients (total organic carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorus), and heavy metals (copper, iron, arsenic, lead) in the upstream and the lateral sides of the dam, consequently leading to changes in the nematode communities. The response of nematode communities to the dam's presence was clear based on their abundance, diversity, dominant genera, and community composition. Furthermore, changes in the abundance and diversity of nematodes in the Ba Lai River appeared to be controlled primarily by acidity (pH), total suspended solids (TSS), iron (Fe), clay, and salinity most responsible for changes to nematode communities. Because the nematode communities are well adapted to the physicochemical disturbances caused by dam construction, they are a potential tool for ecological monitoring and understanding the influence of dams on aquatic ecosystems

Silver Nanoparticles Ecofriendly Synthesized by Achyranthes aspera and Scoparia dulcis Leaf Broth as an Effective Fungicide

This study describes an inexpensive, simple and green method to form silver nanoparticles from different leaf extracts of Achyranthes aspera and Scoparia dulcis plants. The silver nitrate is reduced by Achyranthes aspera and Scoparia dulcis leaf extracts respectively to generate two silver nanoparticle types symbolized as AA.AgNPs and SD.AgNPs. The optical absorption, size and morphology of silver nanoparticles are significantly impacted by extract types. The ultraviolet visible spectrum of AA.AgNPs shows a 433-nm peak being more broadened than that of SD.AgNPs. The Fourier infrared transform spectra of two of these silver nanoparticles revealed that their surface is modified by organic constituents from extracts, and thus they are stabilized in solution without any additional reaction. Images from transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscope indicate that AA.AgNPs are in clusters with the size of 8&ndash;52 nm almost possessing oval shape, while SD.AgNPs are smaller size of 5-45 nm separated well in diversified shapes (spherical, triangle, quadrilateral and hexagonal). Moreover, both AA.AgNPs and SD.AgNPs exhibit the highly antifungal effect against Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus and the most strong impact on Fusarium oxysporum. For these obtained results, two new silver nanoparticles are promising fungicides for various applications of medical and agricultural fields

Useful treatment paradigms: Decompressive hemicraniectomy with hematoma evacuation in larger intracranial hemorrhage. Insights from a leading vietnamese hospital

Background and Purpose: Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (SICH) bears a poor prognosis, with a 30-day mortality rate of 35%–52%. The mass effects of hematoma and surrounding edema in larger supratentorial SICH lead to an increased intracranial pressure (ICP) and subsequent brain herniation. Multiple trials have failed to prove the superiority of surgical evacuation over conservative methods. However, surgery in a carefully selected set of patients is beneficial in reducing mortality and limiting disability. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of decompressive hemicraniectomy (DHC) with hematoma evacuation for treating patients with larger supratentorial SICH. Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted at our hospital between December 2016 and April 2020. A total of 55 patients with large supratentorial SICH treated with DHC and hematoma evacuation during this period. Patient characteristics and clinical information were analyzed, including age, sex, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), stroke severity (e.g. National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale), computed tomography (CT) scan data (signs of herniation, side and size of hematoma, midline shift), the time interval between ictus and surgery, surgical characteristics, and time of ventilation. Outcome was assessed by modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at six months after surgery. Results: Fifty-five patients (82% males) were treated with DHC. The mean age was 55 years. The median NIHSS (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale) score at admission was 26 (range 9–32). Approximately two-thirds of the patients (69.1%) had hematoma located within the basal ganglia, while 30.9% had lobar hematomas. The median midline shift was 10.9 mm (range 4–20 mm). Intraventricular extensions were observed in 23 patients on the pre-operative CT scan. At discharge, the median mRS score was 5 (range 4–6), and 5 patients (9.1%) died. Six months after surgery, 17 patients (31%) had favorable outcomes (mRS scores 0–3), while the remaining patients had poor outcomes (mRS scores 4–6). The mortality rate was 25.5% (n = 14 patients). In comparison to the poor outcome group, those with favorable outcomes had a significantly higher GCS score (mean, 9.5 [SD = 2.5] vs 8.0 [SD = 1.9]; p = 0.013). Conversely, those who had poor outcomes were more likely to be older (mean 57.2 [SD = 10.4] vs 49.7 [SD = 10.7]; p = 0.017) and had a larger hematoma volume (mean 95.8 [SD = 32] vs 71.6 [SD = 33.0]; p = 0.018). Conclusions: Decompressive hemicraniectomy with hematoma evacuation could be beneficial for a selected group of young patients with large SICH