Apresentação do Dossiê

Presentation of the Dossier "Countercolonial perspectives and anti-racist ecologies in times of planetary catastrophes".Apresentação do Dossiê "Perspectivas contracoloniais e ecologias antirracistas em tempos de catástrofes planetárias"

Enriched artemia nauplii with commercial probiotic in the larviculture of angelfish Pterophyllum scalare Lichtenstein (1823)

This study evaluated the effect of enriched artemia nauplii with commercial probiotic for angelfish larvae determining productive performance, intestinal modulation and survival. Therefore, it experiment occurred in completely randomized design with five treatments (T1- 0.0, T2- 1.5, T3- 3.0, T4- 4.5 and T5- 6.0g of commercial probiotic) and four replaces during 20 days. After larvaculture, post larvae passed by biometric procedures to determine productive performance and then microbiological analysis. Occurred reduction of total heterotrophic bacteria while increased lactic acid bacteria in the intestinal tract from the post larvae for treatments T3, T4 and T5. The commercial probiotic also increased the survival and performance as final weight, weight gain and specific growth rate. For these reasons, the use of 3g of commercial probiotic promotes greater performance and intestinal modulation for angelfish larvae

Chemical Exposure Hazardous for Fish Hyphessobrycon eques through the Incorrect Release of Oil in Amazon Region

Incorrect discard of oil used by fishing ship in the brazilian north region has become a common activity. Despite the possible hazard to the aquatic organisms, still missing scientific data about their toxicity. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the stress and lethality caused by lubricant oil (FSAOLU) on fish Hyphessobrycon eques. Therefore, it was used six different concentration diluted in water (0, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30 and 32% of oil) and three replaces during 96 hours. At the end or during the experiment (with dying fish), it was collected blood samples (cutting the caudal fin) to determine physiological changes. The FSAOLU showed mean lethal dose (LD50-96h) of 27.36%, classified as toxic causing alterations in glucose values from the 26%. The greater dilution of FSAOLU (32%) increased 115% in glucose values when compared to the control. Thus, lubricant oil when discarded in water, it present hazard to the aquatic organisms causing stress and mortality for fish being necessary adequate management to discard of this residue

Análise do grau de conformidade da rotulagem de pescados comercializados no município de Castanhal-PA face à legislação vigente / Analysis of the degree of conformity of the labeling of fish marketed in the municipality of Castanhal-PA with the legislation in force

A rotulagem de alimentos tem a função de fornecer informações facilitando o poder de decisão do consumidor sobre o consumo ou não do alimento. Foram observadas rotulagens de pescados processados nos supermercados do município de Castanhal-PA. Para julgamento dos rótulos dos produtos foi aplicado um checklist baseado na Instrução Normativa nº 22 de 24 de novembro de 2005. Foram feitas duas avaliações: primeiro comparando entre os estabelecimentos contabilizando os itens obrigatórios na legislação vigente e o segundo, comparou os rótulos de oito pescados diferentes, incluído os enlatados, na qual a rotulagem possuía maior numero de informações obrigatórias. O melhor resultado foi observado no supermercado “L” com médias de 6,5 pontos de adequação a legislação, os menores valores formam atribuídos ao supermercado “I” com média de 4,45. Observou-se a ausência dos itens 1, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9 do checklist, que correspondem a denominação do produto, a razão social e endereço, nº de registro do órgão competente, identificação do lote, cuidados na conservação e descongelo respectivamente. Foram encontrados rótulos inelegíveis ou mesmo na forma manuscrita. As informações de data de embalagem e prazo de validade estavam contidas na maioria das embalagens, com exceção do filé de piramutaba congelada, a identificação dos lotes, não estava contida nos rótulos de vários produtos, com exceção do filé de salmão e nos enlatados

Estimating the global conservation status of more than 15,000 Amazonian tree species

Estimates of extinction risk for Amazonian plant and animal species are rare and not often incorporated into land-use policy and conservation planning. We overlay spatial distribution models with historical and projected deforestation to show that at least 36% and up to 57% of all Amazonian tree species are likely to qualify as globally threatened under International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List criteria. If confirmed, these results would increase the number of threatened plant species on Earth by 22%. We show that the trends observed in Amazonia apply to trees throughout the tropics, and we predict thatmost of the world’s >40,000 tropical tree species now qualify as globally threatened. A gap analysis suggests that existing Amazonian protected areas and indigenous territories will protect viable populations of most threatened species if these areas suffer no further degradation, highlighting the key roles that protected areas, indigenous peoples, and improved governance can play in preventing large-scale extinctions in the tropics in this century

Geography and ecology shape the phylogenetic composition of Amazonian tree communities

Aim: Amazonia hosts more tree species from numerous evolutionary lineages, both young and ancient, than any other biogeographic region. Previous studies have shown that tree lineages colonized multiple edaphic environments and dispersed widely across Amazonia, leading to a hypothesis, which we test, that lineages should not be strongly associated with either geographic regions or edaphic forest types. Location: Amazonia. Taxon: Angiosperms (Magnoliids; Monocots; Eudicots). Methods: Data for the abundance of 5082 tree species in 1989 plots were combined with a mega-phylogeny. We applied evolutionary ordination to assess how phylogenetic composition varies across Amazonia. We used variation partitioning and Moran\u27s eigenvector maps (MEM) to test and quantify the separate and joint contributions of spatial and environmental variables to explain the phylogenetic composition of plots. We tested the indicator value of lineages for geographic regions and edaphic forest types and mapped associations onto the phylogeny. Results: In the terra firme and várzea forest types, the phylogenetic composition varies by geographic region, but the igapó and white-sand forest types retain a unique evolutionary signature regardless of region. Overall, we find that soil chemistry, climate and topography explain 24% of the variation in phylogenetic composition, with 79% of that variation being spatially structured (R$^{2}$ = 19% overall for combined spatial/environmental effects). The phylogenetic composition also shows substantial spatial patterns not related to the environmental variables we quantified (R$^{2}$ = 28%). A greater number of lineages were significant indicators of geographic regions than forest types. Main Conclusion: Numerous tree lineages, including some ancient ones (>66 Ma), show strong associations with geographic regions and edaphic forest types of Amazonia. This shows that specialization in specific edaphic environments has played a long-standing role in the evolutionary assembly of Amazonian forests. Furthermore, many lineages, even those that have dispersed across Amazonia, dominate within a specific region, likely because of phylogenetically conserved niches for environmental conditions that are prevalent within regions