Avaliação qualitativa das preparações do cardápio de uma escola privada em um município do interior de Minas Gerais

Objetivo: Avaliar qualitativamente as preparações do cardápio mensal de uma escola privada em um município do interior de Minas Gerais. Métodos: O cardápio do almoço oferecido aos alunos no segundo semestre de 2015 em escola privada no interior de Minas Gerais foi avaliado pelo método de Avaliação Qualitativa das Preparações do Cardápio. Os aspectos positivos (folhosos e frutas) e negativos do cardápio (monotonia de cores, alimentos ricos em enxofre, carnes gordurosas, doces, frituras e frituras mais doces) foram classificados em “ótimo”, “bom”, “regular”, “ruim” ou “péssimo”, de acordo com a frequência de ocorrência. Resultados: O cardápio foi classificado “ótimo” para a oferta de folhosos (100%), frituras (10%), nenhum doce e frituras associadas aos doces. Apresenta “boa” oferta de carnes gordurosas (15%). Porém, houve monotonia de cores em 40% dos dias, considerado “regular”. Também não houve oferta de frutas em nenhum dia e têm 95% de alimentos sulfurados, itens classificados “péssimos”. Conclusão: O cardápio necessita de adequações garantindo uma refeição equilibrada e saudável aos escolares. Mais estudos devem ser realizados sobre a temática, utilizando outros métodos de avaliação, uma vez que os hábitos alimentares saudáveis são formados desde a infância e a escola representa um ambiente propício para tanto.

The validity of the Substance Use Risk Profile Scale (SURPS) among Australian adolescents

Aims: This study investigated the validity of a brief personality screening measure for substance use in adolescents, the Substance Use Risk Profile Scale (SURPS), among Australian adolescents. Design and participants: A total of 527 adolescents (mean age: 13.38 years, SD=0.43) from seven Australian schools were assessed at two time points 24 months apart. The concurrent and predictive validity of the SURPS was determined using a series of linear and logistic regressions, and was compared to the results in a United Kingdom (UK) sample. SURPS subscale scores for the Australian population were also reported and compared to those in the UK. Findings: Overall, the SURPS subscale scores for Australian adolescents were similar to those for adolescents from the UK. Tests of concurrent and predictive validity in the Australian sample demonstrated that the all four personality profiles - Hopelessness (H), Anxiety Sensitivity (AS), Impulsivity (IMP), and Sensation Seeking (SS) - were related to measures of substance use and other behavioural and emotional characteristics. In addition, all the predicted specific prospective relationships between the personality profiles and particular substance use and other behavioural problems were confirmed except that H was not associated with illicit drug use. Overall, the results were similar between the Australian and UK samples. Conclusions: The SURPS is a valid and useful measure for identifying Australian adolescents at high-risk for substance use and other emotional and behavioural problems. Implications for prevention are discussed

Results of a UK-wide vignette study with occupational therapists to explore cognitive screening post-stroke

Background. There is a paucity of evidence in the UK regarding occupational therapy (OT) cognitive screening, and whether, and how, cognitive impairments are identified and assessed. AimsTo identify current OT practice for the assessment of cognitive problems in patients following stroke.MethodsOTs were invited to complete an online vignette study. Participants were asked to identify any presenting cognitive problems, decide whether to complete cognitive assessments and list any assessments they would use. Data were analysed using descriptive analysis.Findings Fifty-three OTs from across the UK participated. OTs identified key cognitive issues but some problems, such as apraxia and attention, were overlooked. A large number of potential assessments were suggested: the most common were the Montreal Cognitive Assessment and Oxford Cognitive Screen. Conclusion The variation found in OTs’ recognition and assessment of cognitive problems has potential to impact on management and rehabilitation in stroke services, survivor outcomes, education and research

Colonização agrária no Norte do Paraná: processos geoeconômicos e sociogeográficos de desenvolvimento de uma zona subtropical do Brasil sob a influência da plantação de café

O estudo de Gerd Kohlhepp constitui referência imprescindível para a descrição e compreensão do precesso de colonização agrária do Norte paranaense e oferece um excelente fundamento para a reflexão sobre seus desdobramentos até hoje. A obra não tem apenas o sentido hitórico, que por si mesmo já a justificaria, de registrar um produto de altíssimo nível científico da Geografia de tradição alemã; mais que isso, ela ainda torna acessivel a paranaenses, breasileiros e toda a comunidade lusófona umj desses textos de fundação do Brasil sob perspectiva e contribuição estrangeira, que hoje, ao se tornarem visíveis, ajudam a refletir sobre as características contemporaneas da sociedade local e sobre os caminhos futuros que ela pode tomar - ou não - nas próximas décadas

Effects of antiplatelet therapy on stroke risk by brain imaging features of intracerebral haemorrhage and cerebral small vessel diseases: subgroup analyses of the RESTART randomised, open-label trial

Background Findings from the RESTART trial suggest that starting antiplatelet therapy might reduce the risk of recurrent symptomatic intracerebral haemorrhage compared with avoiding antiplatelet therapy. Brain imaging features of intracerebral haemorrhage and cerebral small vessel diseases (such as cerebral microbleeds) are associated with greater risks of recurrent intracerebral haemorrhage. We did subgroup analyses of the RESTART trial to explore whether these brain imaging features modify the effects of antiplatelet therapy

Simulation of dilated heart failure with continuous flow circulatory support

Lumped parameter models have been employed for decades to simulate important hemodynamic couplings between a left ventricular assist device (LVAD) and the native circulation. However, these studies seldom consider the pathological descending limb of the Frank-Starling response of the overloaded ventricle. This study introduces a dilated heart failure model featuring a unimodal end systolic pressure-volume relationship (ESPVR) to address this critical shortcoming. The resulting hemodynamic response to mechanical circulatory support are illustrated through numerical simulations of a rotodynamic, continuous flow ventricular assist device (cfVAD) coupled to systemic and pulmonary circulations with baroreflex control. The model further incorporated septal interaction to capture the influence of left ventricular (LV) unloading on right ventricular function. Four heart failure conditions were simulated (LV and bi-ventricular failure with/ without pulmonary hypertension) in addition to normal baseline. Several metrics of LV function, including cardiac output and stroke work, exhibited a unimodal response whereby initial unloading improved function, and further unloading depleted preload reserve thereby reducing ventricular output. The concept of extremal loading was introduced to reflect the loading condition in which the intrinsic LV stroke work is maximized. Simulation of bi-ventricular failure with pulmonary hypertension revealed inadequacy of LV support alone. These simulations motivate the implementation of an extremum tracking feedback controller to potentially optimize ventricular recovery. © 2014 Wang et al

Global respiratory syncytial virus-associated mortality in young children (RSV GOLD): a retrospective case series

Background Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is an important cause of pneumonia mortality in young children. However, clinical data for fatal RSV infection are scarce. We aimed to identify clinical and socioeconomic characteristics of children aged younger than 5 years with RSV-related mortality using individual patient data. Methods In this retrospective case series, we developed an online questionnaire to obtain individual patient data for clinical and socioeconomic characteristics of children aged younger than 5 years who died with community-acquired RSV infection between Jan 1, 1995, and Oct 31, 2015, through leading research groups for child pneumonia identified through a comprehensive literature search and existing research networks. For the literature search, we searched PubMed for articles published up to Feb 3, 2015, using the key terms “RSV”, “respiratory syncytial virus”, or “respiratory syncytial viral” combined with “mortality”, “fatality”, “death”, “died”, “deaths”, or “CFR” for articles published in English. We invited researchers and clinicians identified to participate between Nov 1, 2014, and Oct 31, 2015. We calculated descriptive statistics for all variables. Findings We studied 358 children with RSV-related in-hospital death from 23 countries across the world, with data contributed from 31 research groups. 117 (33%) children were from low-income or lower middle-income countries, 77 (22%) were from upper middle-income countries, and 164 (46%) were from high-income countries. 190 (53%) were male. Data for comorbidities were missing for some children in low-income and middle-income countries. Available data showed that comorbidities were present in at least 33 (28%) children from low-income or lower middle-income countries, 36 (47%) from upper middle-income countries, and 114 (70%) from high-income countries. Median age for RSV-related deaths was 5·0 months (IQR 2·3–11·0) in low-income or lower middle-income countries, 4·0 years (2·0–10·0) in upper middle-income countries, and 7·0 years (3·6–16·8) in high-income countries. Interpretation This study is the first large case series of children who died with community-acquired RSV infection. A substantial proportion of children with RSV-related death had comorbidities. Our results show that perinatal immunisation strategies for children aged younger than 6 months could have a substantial impact on RSV-related child mortality in low-income and middle-income countries

LEARN: A multi-centre, cross-sectional evaluation of Urology teaching in UK medical schools

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the status of UK undergraduate urology teaching against the British Association of Urological Surgeons (BAUS) Undergraduate Syllabus for Urology. Secondary objectives included evaluating the type and quantity of teaching provided, the reported performance rate of General Medical Council (GMC)-mandated urological procedures, and the proportion of undergraduates considering urology as a career. MATERIALS AND METHODS: LEARN was a national multicentre cross-sectional study. Year 2 to Year 5 medical students and FY1 doctors were invited to complete a survey between 3rd October and 20th December 2020, retrospectively assessing the urology teaching received to date. Results are reported according to the Checklist for Reporting Results of Internet E-Surveys (CHERRIES). RESULTS: 7,063/8,346 (84.6%) responses from all 39 UK medical schools were included; 1,127/7,063 (16.0%) were from Foundation Year (FY) 1 doctors, who reported that the most frequently taught topics in undergraduate training were on urinary tract infection (96.5%), acute kidney injury (95.9%) and haematuria (94.4%). The most infrequently taught topics were male urinary incontinence (59.4%), male infertility (52.4%) and erectile dysfunction (43.8%). Male and female catheterisation on patients as undergraduates was performed by 92.1% and 73.0% of FY1 doctors respectively, and 16.9% had considered a career in urology. Theory based teaching was mainly prevalent in the early years of medical school, with clinical skills teaching, and clinical placements in the later years of medical school. 20.1% of FY1 doctors reported no undergraduate clinical attachment in urology. CONCLUSION: LEARN is the largest ever evaluation of undergraduate urology teaching. In the UK, teaching seemed satisfactory as evaluated by the BAUS undergraduate syllabus. However, many students report having no clinical attachments in Urology and some newly qualified doctors report never having inserted a catheter, which is a GMC mandated requirement. We recommend a greater emphasis on undergraduate clinical exposure to urology and stricter adherence to GMC mandated procedures