Self Assembled Hole Transporting Monolayer for Highly Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells

The unprecedented emergence of perovskite based solar cells PSCs has been accompanied by an intensive search of suitable materials for charge selective contacts. For the first time a hole transporting self assembled monolayer SAM as the dopant free hole selective contact in p i n PSCs is used and a power conversion efficiency of up to 17.8 with average fill factor close to 80 and undetectable parasitic absorption is demonstrated. SAM formation is achieved by simply immersing the substrate into a solution of a novel mole cule V1036 that binds to the indium tin oxide surface due to its phosphonic anchoring group. The SAM and its modifications are further characterized by Fourier transform infrared and vibrational sum frequency generation spectroscopy. In addition, photoelectron spectroscopy in air is used for measuring the ionization potential of the studied SAMs. This novel approach is also suitable for achieving a conformal coverage of large area and or tex tured substrates with minimal material consumption and can potentially be extended to serve as a model system for substrate based perovskite nucleation and passivation control. Further gains in efficiency can be expected upon SAM optimization by means of molecular and compositional engineerin