« Wenn nämlich bereits ein Wort keine Entsprechung findet, wie soll dann ein halbes Leben in der neuen Sprache erzählt werden ? »Zur Prosa Melinda Nadj Abonjis

Melinda Nadj Abonji – a German-language author of Hungarian-Serbian origin, who has lived in Switzerland since childhood – engages in a multilayered and interesting way with the meaning of language in her prize-winning novel Tauben fliegen auf (2010). Speaking through the lens of the first-person narrator, Ildikó Kocsis, the daughter of immigrant parents from the Vojvodina region in Serbia, this article explores the difficulties migrants face in terms of acquiring the Swiss-German language and integrating into Swiss society. Moreover, It highlights how the narrator’s Hungarian mother tongue impacts on German and how communication barriers emerge from the linguistic limitations of each language. In addition, It analyses how Ildikó’s memory and personality were shaped by two cultures, which in turn resulted in a multicultural and multilingual identity. Time and again, Ildikó is faced with linguistic limitations when she tries to incorporate her previous life experiences in the Vojvodina into a German-speaking environment. Thus, we can interpret those sections in Nadj Abonji’s novel in which two languages are placed next to each other or where two languages are related to one another as a means to transcend monolingual linguistic and conceptual barriers.Melinda Nadj Abonji – deutschsprachige, in der Schweiz lebende Autorin ungarisch-serbischer Herkunft – reflektiert in ihrem preisgekrönten Roman Tauben fliegen auf (2010) auf vielschichtige und interessante Weise das Thema Sprache. Der Aufsatz geht v.a. anhand der Figur der Erzählerin Ildikó Kocsis, Tochter einer Einwandererfamilie aus der Vojvodina (Serbien), der Frage nach, welche Schwierigkeiten beim Erwerb der deutschen Sprache (bzw. des Schweizerdeutschen) und dem Versuch einer Integration in der Schweiz entstehen. Fokussiert wird auch auf das Verhältnis von ungarischer Muttersprache und deutscher Sprache, die in Verbindung damit thematisierten Grenzen der Kommunikation (bis hin zur Sprachlosigkeit) und einer bikulturellen Erinnerung sowie die Suche nach einer mehrkulturellen bzw. mehrsprachigen Identität. Ildikó stößt immer wieder an Grenzen der Artikulation, wenn es darum geht, Elemente aus ihrer Vergangenheit in der Vojvodina in ihre deutschsprachige Umgebung zu integrieren. Daher können Passagen im Roman, in denen zwei Sprachen unkommentiert nebeneinander stehen oder in Beziehung zueinander treten, als Versuch verstanden werden, monolinguale Begrenzungen zu überwinden.Melinda Nadj Abonji – auteur de langue allemande, d’origine serbo-hongroise résidant en Suisse – propose dans son roman Tauben fliegen auf (2010/Pigeon vole) – le roman a reçu le Prix allemand du livre – une réflexion à plusieurs niveaux et fort intéressante sur le thème de la langue. À partir du personnage de la narratrice Ildikó Kocsis, fille d’une famille d’immigrés de la Voïvodine (Serbie), l’article s’interroge sur les difficultés qu’il y a à faire sienne la langue allemande (en l’espèce, le suisse allemand) et à tenter de s’intégrer en Suisse. L’éclairage porte aussi sur les relations entre la langue maternelle hongroise et la langue allemande et, lié à cette question, sur les limites de la communication (jusqu’au silence) en présence d’une mémoire biculturelle, il porte encore sur la quête d’une identité pluriculturelle, voire plurilingue. Ildikó se heurte constamment aux limites de l’articulation possible lorsqu’il y va d’intégrer dans son environnement germanophone des éléments de son passé dans la Voïvodine. Ceci permet de voir dans les passages du roman où deux langues sont juxtaposées sans le moindre commentaire ou bien sont mises en relation l’une avec l’autre, une tentative pour dépasser les limites auxquelles condamne le monolinguisme

Duality and canonical extensions for stably compact spaces

We construct a canonical extension for strong proximity lattices in order to give an algebraic, point-free description of a finitary duality for stably compact spaces. In this setting not only morphisms, but also objects may have distinct pi- and sigma-extensions.Comment: 29 pages, 1 figur

Computably Based Locally Compact Spaces

ASD (Abstract Stone Duality) is a re-axiomatisation of general topology in which the topology on a space is treated, not as an infinitary lattice, but as an exponential object of the same category as the original space, with an associated lambda-calculus. In this paper, this is shown to be equivalent to a notion of computable basis for locally compact sober spaces or locales, involving a family of open subspaces and accompanying family of compact ones. This generalises Smyth's effectively given domains and Jung's strong proximity lattices. Part of the data for a basis is the inclusion relation of compact subspaces within open ones, which is formulated in locale theory as the way-below relation on a continuous lattice. The finitary properties of this relation are characterised here, including the Wilker condition for the cover of a compact space by two open ones. The real line is used as a running example, being closely related to Scott's domain of intervals. ASD does not use the category of sets, but the full subcategory of overt discrete objects plays this role; it is an arithmetic universe (pretopos with lists). In particular, we use this subcategory to translate computable bases for classical spaces into objects in the ASD calculus.Comment: 70pp, LaTeX2e, uses diagrams.sty; Accepted for "Logical Methods in Computer Science" LMCS-2004-19; see http://www.cs.man.ac.uk/~pt/ASD for related papers. ACM-class: F.4.

Determination of the complex refractive index and optical bandgap of CH3NH3PbI3 thin films

We report the complex refractive index of methylammonium lead iodide CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite thin films obtained by means of variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry and transmittance reflectance spectrophotometry in the wavelength range of 190 amp; 8201;nm to 2500 amp; 8201;nm. The film thickness and roughness layer thickness are determined by minimizing a global unbiased estimator in the region where the spectrophotometry and ellipsometry spectra overlap. We then determine the optical bandgap and Urbach energy from the absorption coefficient, by means of a fundamental absorption model based on band fluctuations in direct emiconductors. This model merges both the Urbach tail and the absorption edge regions in a single equation. In this way, we increase the fitting region and extend the conventional amp; 945; amp; 8463; amp; 969; 2 plot method to obtain accurate bandgap value

Efficient Light Management by Textured Nanoimprinted Layers for Perovskite Solar Cells

Inorganic organic perovskites like methylammonium lead iodide have proven to be an effective class of materials for fabricating efficient solar cells. To improve their performance, light management techniques using textured surfaces, similar to those used in established solar cell technologies, should be considered. Here, we apply a light management foil created by UV nanoimprint lithography on the glass side of an inverted p i n perovskite solar cell with 16.3 efficiency. The obtained 1 mA cm 2 increase in the short circuit current density translates to a relative improvement in cell performance of 5 , which results in a power conversion efficiency of 17.1 . Optical 3D simulations based on experimentally obtained parameters were used to support the experimental findings. A good match between the simulated and experimental data was obtained, validating the model. Optical simulations reveal that the main improvement in device performance is due to a reduction in total reflection and that relative improvement in the short circuit current density of up to 10 is possible for large area devices. Therefore, our results present the potential of light management foils for improving the device performance of perovskite solar cells and pave the way for further use of optical simulations in the field of perovskite solar cell

Three Terminal Perovskite Silicon Tandem Solar Cells with Top and Interdigitated Rear Contacts

We present a three terminal 3T tandem approachfor the interconnection of a perovskite top cell with aninterdigitated back contact IBC silicon heterojunction SHJ bottom cell. The general viability of our cell design is verified withdrift diffusion simulations indicating efficient charge carriertransport throughout the whole device and an efficiency potentialof amp; 8776;27 by using readily available absorber and contact materials.Our experimental proof of concept device reaches a combinedPCE of 17.1 when both subcells are operating at their individualmaximum power point. To emulate different operation conditions,the current amp; 8722;voltage characteristics of both cells were obtained bymeasuring one subcell while the other cell was set to afixed biasvoltage. Only a slight mutual dependence of both subcells wasfound. As determined by electrical simulations, this dependence likely stems from the resistance of the electron contact on the cell srear side, which is shared by both subcells. The optimization of this contact turns out to be a major design criterion for IBC 3Ttandems. We demonstrate that our current proof of concept cells are limited by this series resistance as well as by optical losses, andwe discuss pathways to approach the simulated efficiency potential by an optimized device desig

It Takes Two to Tango Double Layer Selective Contacts in Perovskite Solar Cells for Improved Device Performance and Reduced Hysteresis

Solar cells made from inorganic amp; 8722;organic perovskites have gradually approached market requirements as their efficiency and stability have improved tremendously in recent years. Planar low temperature processed perovskite solar cells are advantageous for possible large scale production but are more prone to exhibiting photocurrent hysteresis, especially in the regular n amp; 8722;i amp; 8722;p structure. Here, a systematic characterization of different electron selective contacts with a variety of chemical and electrical properties in planar n amp; 8722;i amp; 8722;p devices processed below 180 C is presented. The inorganic metal oxides TiO2 and SnO2, the organic fullerene derivatives C60, PCBM, and ICMA, as well as double layers with a metal oxide PCBM structure are used as electron transport materials ETMs . Perovskite layers deposited atop the different ETMs with the herein applied fabrication method show a similar morphology according to scanning electron microscopy. Further, surface photovoltage spectroscopy measurements indicate comparable perovskite absorber qualities on all ETMs, except TiO2, which shows a more prominent influence of defect states. Transient photoluminescence studies together with current amp; 8722;voltage scans over a broad range of scan speeds reveal faster charge extraction, less pronounced hysteresis effects, and higher efficiencies for devices with fullerene compared to those with metal oxide ETMs. Beyond this, only ouble layer ETM structures substantially diminish hysteresis effects for all performed scan speeds and strongly enhance the power conversion efficiency up to a champion stabilized value of 18.0 . The results indicate reduced recombination losses for a double layer TiO2 PCBM contact design First, a reduction of shunt paths through the fullerene to the ITO layer. Second, an improved hole blocking by the wide band gap metal oxide. Third, decreased transport losses due to an energetically more favorable contact, as implied by photoelectron spectroscopy measurements. The herein demonstrated improvements of multilayer selective contacts may serve as a general design guideline for perovskite solar cell