19,310 research outputs found
Quantum Calculation of Inelastic CO Collisions with H. II. Pure Rotational Quenching of High Rotational Levels
Carbon monoxide is a simple molecule present in many astrophysical
environments, and collisional excitation rate coefficients due to the dominant
collision partners are necessary to accurately predict spectral line
intensities and extract astrophysical parameters. We report new quantum
scattering calculations for rotational deexcitation transitions of CO induced
by H using the three-dimensional potential energy surface~(PES) of Song et al.
(2015). State-to-state cross sections for collision energies from 10 to
15,000~cm and rate coefficients for temperatures ranging from 1 to
3000~K are obtained for CO(, ) deexcitation from to all lower
levels, where is the rotational quantum number. Close-coupling and
coupled-states calculations were performed in full-dimension for =1-5, 10,
15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, and 45 while scaling approaches were used to estimate
rate coefficients for all other intermediate rotational states. The current
rate coefficients are compared with previous scattering results using earlier
PESs. Astrophysical applications of the current results are briefly discussed.Comment: 8 figures, 1 tabl
A Test of Pre-Main-Sequence Lithium Depletion Models
Despite the extensive study of lithium depletion during pre-main-sequence
contraction, studies of individual stars show discrepancies between ages
determined from the HR diagram and ages determined from lithium depletion (Song
et al. 2002, White & Hillenbrand 2005) indicating open questions in the
pre-main-sequence evolutionary models. To further test these models, we present
high resolution spectra for members of the Beta Pictoris Moving Group (BPMG),
which is young and nearby. We measure equivalent widths of the 6707.8 Angstrom
Li I line in these stars and use them to determine lithium abundances. We
combine the lithium abundance with the predictions of pre-main-sequence
evolutionary models in order to calculate a lithium depletion age for each
star. We compare this age to the age predicted by the HR diagram of the same
model. We find that the evolutionary models under-predict the amount of lithium
depletion for the BPMG given its nominal HR diagram age of ~12 Myr (Zuckerman
et al. 2001), particularly for the mid-M stars, which have no observable Li I
line. This results in systematically older ages calculated from lithium
depletion isochrones than from the HR diagram. We suggest that this discrepancy
may be related to the discrepancy between measured M-dwarf radii and the
smaller radii predicted by evolutionary models.Comment: Accepted by ApJ; 21 pages, 5 figure
Ruthenium-catalyzed cascade C-H activation/annulation of N-alkoxybenzamides : reaction development and mechanistic insight
A highly selective ruthenium-catalyzed C-H activation/annulation of alkyne-tethered N-alkoxybenzamides has been developed. In this reaction, diverse products from inverse annulation can be obtained in moderate to good yields with high functional group compatibility. Insightful experimental and theoretical studies indicate that the reaction to the inverse annulation follows the Ru(ii)-Ru(iv)-Ru(ii) pathway involving N-O bond cleavage prior to alkyne insertion. This is highly different compared to the conventional mechanism of transition metal-catalyzed C-H activation/annulation with alkynes, involving alkyne insertion prior to N-O bond cleavage. Via this pathway, the in situ generated acetic acid from the N-H/C-H activation step facilitates the N-O bond cleavage to give the Ru-nitrene species. Besides the conventional mechanism forming the products via standard annulation, an alternative and novel Ru(ii)-Ru(iv)-Ru(ii) mechanism featuring N-O cleavage preceding alkyne insertion has been proposed, affording a new understanding of transition metal-catalyzed C-H activation/annulation
Presentation of the ISRM mine closure state of the art report
International audienceIn 2005, Prof. Nielen Van der Merwe, at that time President of the ISRM, initiated a commission to facilitate the constitution of an international network of experts involved in mine closure and post-mining management. Eight experts coming from different countries have been deeply involved in this ISRM 'mine closure commission', for four years. Closure of mining operations does not lead to the complete elimination of risks likely to affect the surface above old mine workings. Therefore, disorders potentially harmful for people and goods may develop, sometimes just after the closure but also, in some cases, long time after. The first mandate of the commission has been dedicated to the elaboration of a state-ofthe- art report presenting, at an international scale, the mine closure problem (context, main risks of disorders, major hazard assessment methods and treatment techniques). The present paper presents an outline of this ISRM report that members may download on the ISRM website
Nontrivial Polydispersity Exponents in Aggregation Models
We consider the scaling solutions of Smoluchowski's equation of irreversible
aggregation, for a non gelling collision kernel. The scaling mass distribution
f(s) diverges as s^{-tau} when s->0. tau is non trivial and could, until now,
only be computed by numerical simulations. We develop here new general methods
to obtain exact bounds and good approximations of . For the specific
kernel KdD(x,y)=(x^{1/D}+y^{1/D})^d, describing a mean-field model of particles
moving in d dimensions and aggregating with conservation of ``mass'' s=R^D (R
is the particle radius), perturbative and nonperturbative expansions are
derived.
For a general kernel, we find exact inequalities for tau and develop a
variational approximation which is used to carry out the first systematic study
of tau(d,D) for KdD. The agreement is excellent both with the expansions we
derived and with existing numerical values. Finally, we discuss a possible
application to 2d decaying turbulence.Comment: 16 pages (multicol.sty), 6 eps figures (uses epsfig), Minor
corrections. Notations improved, as published in Phys. Rev. E 55, 546
Role of defects in the electronic properties of amorphous/crystalline Si interface
The mechanism determining the band alignment of the amorphous/crystalline
Si heterostructures is addressed with direct atomistic simulations of the
interface performed using a hierarchical combination of various computational
schemes ranging from classical model-potential molecular dynamics to ab-initio
methods. We found that in coordination defect-free samples the band alignment
is almost vanishing and independent on interface details. In defect-rich
samples, instead, the band alignment is sizeably different with respect to the
defect-free case, but, remarkably, almost independent on the concentration of
defects. We rationalize these findings within the theory of semiconductor
interfaces.Comment: 4 pages in two-column format, 2 postscript figures include
Modified-Source Gravity and Cosmological Structure Formation
One way to account for the acceleration of the universe is to modify general
relativity, rather than introducing dark energy. Typically, such modifications
introduce new degrees of freedom. It is interesting to consider models with no
new degrees of freedom, but with a modified dependence on the conventional
energy-momentum tensor; the Palatini formulation of theories is one
example. Such theories offer an interesting testing ground for investigations
of cosmological modified gravity. In this paper we study the evolution of
structure in these ``modified-source gravity'' theories. In the linear regime,
density perturbations exhibit scale dependent runaway growth at late times and,
in particular, a mode of a given wavenumber goes nonlinear at a higher redshift
than in the standard CDM model. We discuss the implications of this
behavior and why there are reasons to expect that the growth will be cut off in
the nonlinear regime. Assuming that this holds in a full nonlinear analysis, we
briefly describe how upcoming measurements may probe the differences between
the modified theory and the standard CDM model.Comment: 22 pages, 6 figures, uses iopart styl
Studying Kaon-pion S-wave scattering in K-matrix formalism
We generalize our previous work on \pi\pi scattering to K\pi scattering, and
re-analyze the experiment data of K\pi scattering below 1.6 GeV. Without any
free parameter, we explain K\pi I=3/2 S-wave phase shift very well by using
t-channel rho and u-channel K^* meson exchange. With the t-channel and
u-channel meson exchange fixed as the background term, we fit the K\pi I=1/2
S-wave data of the LASS experiment quite well by introducing one or two
s-channel resonances. It is found that there is only one s-channel resonance
between K\pi threshold and 1.6 GeV, i.e., K_0^*(1430) with a mass around
1438~1486 MeV and a width about 346 MeV, while the t-channel rho exchange gives
a pole at (450-480i) MeV for the amplitude.Comment: REVTeX4 file, 11 pages and 3 figure
Phase Diagram of Integer Quantum Hall Effect
The phase diagram of integer quantum Hall effect is numerically determined in
the tight-binding model, which can account for overall features of recently
obtained experimental phase diagram. In particular, the quantum Hall plateaus
are terminated by two distinct insulating phases, characterized by the Hall
resistance with classic and quantized values, respectively, which is also in
good agreement with experiments.Comment: 4 pages, RevTex, 4 PostScript figures; one new figure is added; minor
modifications in the tex
Generation of photovoltage in graphene on a femtosecond time scale through efficient carrier heating
Graphene is a promising material for ultrafast and broadband photodetection.
Earlier studies addressed the general operation of graphene-based
photo-thermoelectric devices, and the switching speed, which is limited by the
charge carrier cooling time, on the order of picoseconds. However, the
generation of the photovoltage could occur at a much faster time scale, as it
is associated with the carrier heating time. Here, we measure the photovoltage
generation time and find it to be faster than 50 femtoseconds. As a
proof-of-principle application of this ultrafast photodetector, we use graphene
to directly measure, electrically, the pulse duration of a sub-50 femtosecond
laser pulse. The observation that carrier heating is ultrafast suggests that
energy from absorbed photons can be efficiently transferred to carrier heat. To
study this, we examine the spectral response and find a constant spectral
responsivity between 500 and 1500 nm. This is consistent with efficient
electron heating. These results are promising for ultrafast femtosecond and
broadband photodetector applications.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figure
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