Ergebnisse der Umfrage: «Status quo: Kundennutzen durch digitale Transformation?»

Welchen Beitrag leistet das Prozessmanagement für die Maximierung des Kundennutzens? Wie lassen Unternehmen die Kundenperspektive in die Prozessgestaltung einfliessen? In welcher Ausprägung setzen Unternehmen Kunden- und Prozessdaten ein, um Kundenerlebnisse zu individualisieren? Ist dabei Transparenz und Datenherrschaft für Kunden sichergestellt? Erheben Unternehmen systematisch Digitalisierungspotenzial in ihren Prozessen? Wie steht es um die Durchgängigkeit der Prozesse und welche Formen der Prozessdigitalisierung kommen dabei zum Einsatz? Diese und weitere Fragen standen im Mittelpunkt der Online-Befragung, die im Rahmen der vorliegenden Studie im Mai 2016 durchgeführt wurde

Are Tumor Marker Tests Applied Appropriately in Clinical Practice? A Healthcare Claims Data Analysis.

Tumor markers (TM) are crucial in the monitoring of cancer treatment. However, inappropriate requests for screening reasons have a high risk of false positive and negative findings, which can lead to patient anxiety and unnecessary follow-up examinations. We aimed to assess the appropriateness of TM testing in outpatient practice in Switzerland. We conducted a retrospective cohort study based on healthcare claims data. Patients who had received at least one out of seven TM tests (CEA, CA19-9, CA125, CA15-3, CA72-4, Calcitonin, or NSE) between 2018 and 2021 were analyzed. Appropriate determinations were defined as a request with a corresponding cancer-related diagnosis or intervention. Appropriateness of TM determination by patient characteristics and prescriber specialty was estimated by using multivariate analyses. A total of 51,395 TM determinations in 36,537 patients were included. An amount of 41.6% of all TM were determined appropriately. General practitioners most often determined TM (44.3%) and had the lowest number of appropriate requests (27.8%). A strong predictor for appropriate determinations were requests by medical oncologists. A remarkable proportion of TM testing was performed inappropriately, particularly in the primary care setting. Our results suggest that a considerable proportion of the population is at risk for various harms associated with misinterpretations of TM test results

Business Intelligence 2015 : Potenziale und Herausforderungen in der deutschsprachigen Schweiz

Studi

Evaluation der Pilotphase von Kita plus: Bericht zuhanden der Stiftung Kind und Familie KiFa Schweiz

Das Projekt Kita plus verfolgt das Ziel, Kinder mit besonderen Bedürfnissen unter eigens hierfür ausgearbeiteten Rahmenbedingungen in bestehende Kitas der Stadt Luzern zu integrieren. Kinder mit und ohne Behinderung sollen bereits im frühen Kindesalter von den vielfältigen Erfahrungen und der sozialen Teilhabe in einer bunt gemischten Kindergruppe profitieren können. Ausserdem wird erreicht, die Eltern durch wohnortnahe Betreuungsmöglichkeiten zu entlasten und die Vereinbarkeit von Familie und Beruf zu unterstützen. Aus politischer Sicht schliesst das Projekt die Lücke der Integration von Kindern mit Behinderung im Vorschulalter und ermöglicht die Umsetzung des Behindertengleichstellungsgesetzes sowie die geforderte Aufgabenteilung zwischen Bund und Kantonen bei sonderpädagogischen Angeboten. Eine Bedarfsanalyse brachte in Erfahrung, dass es in der Stadt Luzern ca. 20-25 Kinder resp. Familien gibt, die potenzielle Abnehmer des Kita plus-Angebots sind. Das Projekt Kita plus hat von 2012-2014 eine Pilotphase mit insgesamt 12 Kindern in 8 Kitas lanciert. Die Evaluation der Pilotphase ist Gegenstand dieses Berichts. Es wurde analysiert, wie es den Kita plus-Kindern in den Kitas geht und wie sie sich in sozialer Hinsicht entwickeln. Ausserdem interessierte, inwiefern die Rahmenbedingungen von den involvierten Akteuren als ausreichend undsinnvoll beurteilt werden. Ein weiterer Aspekt der Evaluation beinhaltet die Reaktionen der Eltern auf das Kita plus-Projekt. Daten zu den Kita plus-Kindern (n=7) wurden längsschnittlich, d.h. anhand dreier Messzeitpunkte durch Verhaltensbeobachtungen und Befragungen der Betreuungspersonen eingeholt. Ergänzend wurden Leitfadeninterviews mit den HeilpädagogischenFrüherzieherinnen, Kita-Leiterinnen und Eltern der Kita plus-Kinder durchgeführt. Die Perspektive der Eltern der nicht behinderten Kinder wurde schriftlich erfragt. Später ins Projekt eingetretene Kita plus-Kinder (n=5) wurden anhand eines Datenquerschnitts erfasst. Mit der Evaluation werden Entscheidungsgrundlagen für die Betriebsphase geschaffen. Durch die standortunabhängige Projektanlage verfügt Kita plus über Modellcharakter

Business Analyse 2017 : eine empirische Untersuchung im deutschsprachigen Raum und Fallbeispiele aus Unternehmen

Der Sammelband Business Analyse 2017 stellt anhand von Befragungsergebnissen und Fallbeispielen die Funktionen und Rollen von Business-Analysten dar

L\u27implication de non-professionnels dans une recherche d\u27action: Y a-t-il des différences entre parents et "coachs" de lecture?

Der Beitrag befasst sich mit der Frage, wie Laien (Eltern und Lesecoachs) die Einbindung in ein Leseförderprojekt erleben. Die Beteiligten hatten ein 20-wöchiges Training mit leseschwachen Kindern durchgeführt (Methode: Paired Reading). Neben quantitativen Daten (N = 131) wurden qualitative Daten von 20 Interviews (10 Eltern, 10 Lesecoachs; randomisiertes Vorgehen) analysiert, mit einem besonderen Fokus auf dem Vergleich der beiden Gruppen. (DIPF/Orig.)Cet article se penche sur l’expérience des non-professionnels (parents et "coachs" de lecture) quant à leur implication dans un projet de lecture. Les personnes impliquées avaient effectué un training de 20 semaines avec des enfants présentant des difficultés en lecture (méthode: Paired Reading). L’étude rapporte des résultats de données quantitatives (N = 131) ainsi que de données qualitatives de 20 entretiens conduits avec 10 parents et 10 coachs (procédure randomisée). Elle se focalise sur la comparaison des deux groupes. (DIPF/Orig.

Effectiveness of an extracurricular program for struggling readers: A comparative study with parent tutors and volunteer tutors

This study reviews the effectiveness of an extracurricular paired reading program to enhance the reading of struggling readers. For the first time, two program conditions are compared within one study: parent tutors and volunteer tutors. The program was implemented within a randomized controlled field trial; its effects on reading fluency and reading ability were investigated on a sample of 198 Swiss third graders with reading difficulties. The findings revealed that volunteers outperformed parents: Children who trained with volunteers developed significantly better reading fluency after 20 weeks (d = .21). However, the main effects on reading fluency did not last at follow-up and no effects on general reading ability were found. Children with higher reading fluency at the pretest benefitted significantly more than very poor readers (post-test: d = .47; 5 month FU: d = .39). The study highlights the benefit of volunteer tutoring and the necessity of ongoing, adaptive support for very poor readers

Prevalence, trends, and individual patterns of long-term antidepressant medication use in the adult Swiss general population

Erworben im Rahmen der Schweizer Nationallizenzen (http://www.nationallizenzen.ch)Purpose: Antidepressant use has increased in many European countries, mostly driven by longer treatment duration. The aim of this study was to provide prevalence rates of long-term users of antidepressants for the Swiss population over the last decade and to investigate associated factors for longer use. Methods: We examined the prevalence rates of individuals with at least one prescription for antidepressants using longitudinal health claims data for 2013 to 2021. We defined short- ( two years) for 2015 to 2019. We applied a binary logistic regression model to investigate the effects of population (gender, age, area of living, language, health insurance plan, and nursing home) and treatment characteristics (psychiatric or psychotherapeutic care) on long-term compared to short- and medium-term users in 2019. Results: In 2021, 9% of the Swiss population (n = 770,698) received at least one antidepressant prescription, which remained stable since 2013. In 2019, the proportion of long-term users was 57.4%, with steady increase since 2015. The proportion of medium- and short-term users has decreased. Older age, being a woman, living in an urban area, living in a nursing home, being enrolled in a standard care plan, and receiving psychiatric or psychotherapeutic care were factors positively associated with being a long-term user. Conclusion: The proportion of long-term users in Switzerland is high and steadily increasing. Given the ongoing debate about the confounding effects of relapse and withdrawal, more research is needed to investigate longer use of antidepressants that could indicate overprescribing

The genomes of two key bumblebee species with primitive eusocial organization

Background: The shift from solitary to social behavior is one of the major evolutionary transitions. Primitively eusocial bumblebees are uniquely placed to illuminate the evolution of highly eusocial insect societies. Bumblebees are also invaluable natural and agricultural pollinators, and there is widespread concern over recent population declines in some species. High-quality genomic data will inform key aspects of bumblebee biology, including susceptibility to implicated population viability threats. Results: We report the high quality draft genome sequences of Bombus terrestris and Bombus impatiens, two ecologically dominant bumblebees and widely utilized study species. Comparing these new genomes to those of the highly eusocial honeybee Apis mellifera and other Hymenoptera, we identify deeply conserved similarities, as well as novelties key to the biology of these organisms. Some honeybee genome features thought to underpin advanced eusociality are also present in bumblebees, indicating an earlier evolution in the bee lineage. Xenobiotic detoxification and immune genes are similarly depauperate in bumblebees and honeybees, and multiple categories of genes linked to social organization, including development and behavior, show high conservation. Key differences identified include a bias in bumblebee chemoreception towards gustation from olfaction, and striking differences in microRNAs, potentially responsible for gene regulation underlying social and other traits. Conclusions: These two bumblebee genomes provide a foundation for post-genomic research on these key pollinators and insect societies. Overall, gene repertoires suggest that the route to advanced eusociality in bees was mediated by many small changes in many genes and processes, and not by notable expansion or depauperation

A depauperate immune repertoire precedes evolution of sociality in bees

Background Sociality has many rewards, but can also be dangerous, as high population density and low genetic diversity, common in social insects, is ideal for parasite transmission. Despite this risk, honeybees and other sequenced social insects have far fewer canonical immune genes relative to solitary insects. Social protection from infection, including behavioral responses, may explain this depauperate immune repertoire. Here, based on full genome sequences, we describe the immune repertoire of two ecologically and commercially important bumblebee species that diverged approximately 18 million years ago, the North American Bombus impatiens and European Bombus terrestris. Results We find that the immune systems of these bumblebees, two species of honeybee, and a solitary leafcutting bee, are strikingly similar. Transcriptional assays confirm the expression of many of these genes in an immunological context and more strongly in young queens than males, affirming Bateman’s principle of greater investment in female immunity. We find evidence of positive selection in genes encoding antiviral responses, components of the Toll and JAK/STAT pathways, and serine protease inhibitors in both social and solitary bees. Finally, we detect many genes across pathways that differ in selection between bumblebees and honeybees, or between the social and solitary clades. Conclusions The similarity in immune complement across a gradient of sociality suggests that a reduced immune repertoire predates the evolution of sociality in bees. The differences in selection on immune genes likely reflect divergent pressures exerted by parasites across social contexts