Bilinguismo nelle classi inferiori della scuola elementare

Il tema del presente saggio è lo sviluppo della competenza linguistica e della competenza comunicativa dci bambini bilingui della SEI di Parcnzo. Analizzando i dati empirici raccolti si è potuto giungere a delle conclusioni riguardanti gli effetti sintomatici concreti del bilinguismo precoce nella comunità linguistica istriana. Si sono potuti anche capire i meccanismi funzionali che stanno alla base dell\u27apprendimento di due lingue nella socializzazione primaria, e le peculiarità che derivano dalle caratteristiche specifiche del contesto socioculturale istriano

The discriminatory value of cardiorespiratory interactions in distinguishing awake from anaesthetised states: a randomised observational study

Depth of anaesthesia monitors usually analyse cerebral function with or without other physiological signals; noninvasive monitoring of the measured cardiorespiratory signals alone would offer a simple, practical alternative. We aimed to investigate whether such signals, analysed with novel, non-linear dynamic methods, would distinguish between the awake and anaesthetised states. We recorded ECG, respiration, skin temperature, pulse and skin conductivity before and during general anaesthesia in 27 subjects in good cardiovascular health, randomly allocated to receive propofol or sevoflurane. Mean values, variability and dynamic interactions were determined. Respiratory rate (p = 0.0002), skin conductivity (p = 0.03) and skin temperature (p = 0.00006) changed with sevoflurane, and skin temperature (p = 0.0005) with propofol. Pulse transit time increased by 17% with sevoflurane (p = 0.02) and 11% with propofol (p = 0.007). Sevoflurane reduced the wavelet energy of heart (p = 0.0004) and respiratory (p = 0.02) rate variability at all frequencies, whereas propofol decreased only the heart rate variability below 0.021 Hz (p < 0.05). The phase coherence was reduced by both agents at frequencies below 0.145 Hz (p < 0.05), whereas the cardiorespiratory synchronisation time was increased (p < 0.05). A classification analysis based on an optimal set of discriminatory parameters distinguished with 95% success between the awake and anaesthetised states. We suggest that these results can contribute to the design of new monitors of anaesthetic depth based on cardiovascular signals alone

Symbolic Dynamic Analysis of Relations Between Cardiac and Breathing Cycles in Patients on Weaning Trials

Traditional time-domain techniques of data analysis are often not sufficient to characterize the complex dynamics of the cardiorespiratory interdependencies during the weaning trials. In this paper, the interactions between the heart rate (HR) and the breathing rate (BR) were studied using joint symbolic dynamic analysis. A total of 133 patients on weaning trials from mechanical ventilation were analyzed: 94 patients with successful weaning (group S) and 39 patients that failed to maintain spontaneous breathing (group F). The word distribution matrix enabled a coarse-grained quantitative assessment of short-term nonlinear analysis of the cardiorespiratory interactions. The histogram of the occurrence probability of the cardiorespiratory words presented a higher homogeneity in group F than in group S, measured with a higher number of forbidden words in group S as well as a higher number of words whose probability of occurrence is higher than a probability threshold in group S. The discriminant analysis revealed the best results when applying symbolic dynamic variables. Therefore, we hypothesize that joint symbolic dynamic analysis provides enhanced information about different interactions between HR and BR, when comparing patients with successful weaning and patients that failed to maintain spontaneous breathing in the weaning procedure

Monitoring the Depth of Anaesthesia

One of the current challenges in medicine is monitoring the patients’ depth of general anaesthesia (DGA). Accurate assessment of the depth of anaesthesia contributes to tailoring drug administration to the individual patient, thus preventing awareness or excessive anaesthetic depth and improving patients’ outcomes. In the past decade, there has been a significant increase in the number of studies on the development, comparison and validation of commercial devices that estimate the DGA by analyzing electrical activity of the brain (i.e., evoked potentials or brain waves). In this paper we review the most frequently used sensors and mathematical methods for monitoring the DGA, their validation in clinical practice and discuss the central question of whether these approaches can, compared to other conventional methods, reduce the risk of patient awareness during surgical procedures

A Comparison of Different Algorithms for EEG Signal Analysis for the Purpose of Monitoring Depth of Anesthesia

All rights reserved. Electroencephalography (EEG) signals have been commonly used for assessing the level of anesthesia during surgery. However, the collected EEG signals are usually corrupted with artifacts which can seriously reduce the accuracy of the depth of anesthesia (DOA) monitors. In this paper, the main purpose is to compare five different EEG based anesthesia indices, namely median frequency (MF), 95% spectral edge frequency (SEF), approximate entropy (ApEn), sample entropy (SampEn) and permutation entropy (PeEn), for their artifacts rejection ability in order to measure the DOA accurately. The current analysis is based on synthesized EEG corrupted with four different types of artificial artifacts and real data collected from patients undergoing general anesthesia during surgery. The experimental results demonstrate that all indices could discriminate awake from anesthesia state (p < 0.05), however PeEn is superior to other indices. Furthermore, a combined index is obtained by applying these five indices as inputs to train, validate and test a feed-forward back-propagation artificial neural network (ANN) model with bispectral index (BIS) as target. The combined index via ANN offers more advantages with higher correlation of 0.80 ± 0.01 for real time DOA monitoring in comparison with single indices.Center for Dynamical Biomarkers and Translational Medicine, National Central University, Taiwan which is sponsored by Ministry of Science and Technology (Grant Number: MOST103-2911-I-008-001). National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Number: 51475342)

A Comparison of Different Algorithms for EEG Signal Analysis for the Purpose of Monitoring Depth of Anesthesia

All rights reserved. Electroencephalography (EEG) signals have been commonly used for assessing the level of anesthesia during surgery. However, the collected EEG signals are usually corrupted with artifacts which can seriously reduce the accuracy of the depth of anesthesia (DOA) monitors. In this paper, the main purpose is to compare five different EEG based anesthesia indices, namely median frequency (MF), 95% spectral edge frequency (SEF), approximate entropy (ApEn), sample entropy (SampEn) and permutation entropy (PeEn), for their artifacts rejection ability in order to measure the DOA accurately. The current analysis is based on synthesized EEG corrupted with four different types of artificial artifacts and real data collected from patients undergoing general anesthesia during surgery. The experimental results demonstrate that all indices could discriminate awake from anesthesia state (p < 0.05), however PeEn is superior to other indices. Furthermore, a combined index is obtained by applying these five indices as inputs to train, validate and test a feed-forward back-propagation artificial neural network (ANN) model with bispectral index (BIS) as target. The combined index via ANN offers more advantages with higher correlation of 0.80 ± 0.01 for real time DOA monitoring in comparison with single indices.Center for Dynamical Biomarkers and Translational Medicine, National Central University, Taiwan which is sponsored by Ministry of Science and Technology (Grant Number: MOST103-2911-I-008-001). National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Number: 51475342)

An Adaptive Monitoring Scheme for Automatic Control of Anaesthesia in dynamic surgical environments based on Bispectral Index and Blood Pressure.

During surgical procedures, bispectral index (BIS) is a well-known measure used to determine the patient's depth of anesthesia (DOA). However, BIS readings can be subject to interference from many factors during surgery, and other parameters such as blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) can provide more stable indicators. However, anesthesiologist still consider BIS as a primary measure to determine if the patient is correctly anaesthetized while relaying on the other physiological parameters to monitor and ensure the patient's status is maintained. The automatic control of administering anesthesia using intelligent control systems has been the subject of recent research in order to alleviate the burden on the anesthetist to manually adjust drug dosage in response physiological changes for sustaining DOA. A system proposed for the automatic control of anesthesia based on type-2 Self Organizing Fuzzy Logic Controllers (T2-SOFLCs) has been shown to be effective in the control of DOA under simulated scenarios while contending with uncertainties due to signal noise and dynamic changes in pharmacodynamics (PD) and pharmacokinetic (PK) effects of the drug on the body. This study considers both BIS and BP as part of an adaptive automatic control scheme, which can adjust to the monitoring of either parameter in response to changes in the availability and reliability of BIS signals during surgery. The simulation of different control schemes using BIS data obtained during real surgical procedures to emulate noise and interference factors have been conducted. The use of either or both combined parameters for controlling the delivery Propofol to maintain safe target set points for DOA are evaluated. The results show that combing BIS and BP based on the proposed adaptive control scheme can ensure the target set points and the correct amount of drug in the body is maintained even with the intermittent loss of BIS signal that could otherwise disrupt an automated control system

ZNAČAJ ZAŠTIĆENIH OZNAKA IZVORNOSTI I ZAŠTIĆENIH OZNAKA ZEMLJOPISNOG PODRIJETLA (ZOI I ZOZP) VINA U REPUBLICI HRVATSKOJ

Zaštita poljoprivrednih i prehrambenih proizvoda zaštićenom oznakom izvornosti (ZOI), zaštićenom oznakom zemljopisnog podrijetla (ZOZP) ili oznakom zajamčeno tradicionalnog specijaliteta (ZTS) od velike je važnosti za cijelo gospodarstvo. Vezano uz to, u radu je provedeno sekundarno istraživanje pregledom literature, znanstvenih i stručnih radova u Hrvatskoj koji govore o toj temi. Također, opisan je povijesni pregled ZOI, ZOZP i ZTS i aktualna procedura registracije i zaštite podrijetla na europskoj i nacionalnoj razini. Glavna tematika ovog rada je zaštita podrijetla vina, s toga je dan prikaz sadašnjeg stanja vinogradarstva i vinarstva u Republici Hrvatskoj te je dan poseban osvrt na zaštitu podrijetla vina na nacionalnoj i europskoj razini. Analizirana je baza podataka E-Bacchus koja se sastoji od Registra oznaka izvornosti i oznaka zemljopisnog podrijetla vina na razini Europske unije. Zaključno se ističe kako se veliki broj malih proizvođača vina može uspješno povezati kroz zaštitu zajedničkih specifičnosti teritorija i proizvoda te proizvođači mogu svoj proizvod bolje plasirati na tržište

ZNAČAJ ZAŠTIĆENIH OZNAKA IZVORNOSTI I ZAŠTIĆENIH OZNAKA ZEMLJOPISNOG PODRIJETLA (ZOI I ZOZP) VINA U REPUBLICI HRVATSKOJ

Zaštita poljoprivrednih i prehrambenih proizvoda zaštićenom oznakom izvornosti (ZOI), zaštićenom oznakom zemljopisnog podrijetla (ZOZP) ili oznakom zajamčeno tradicionalnog specijaliteta (ZTS) od velike je važnosti za cijelo gospodarstvo. Vezano uz to, u radu je provedeno sekundarno istraživanje pregledom literature, znanstvenih i stručnih radova u Hrvatskoj koji govore o toj temi. Također, opisan je povijesni pregled ZOI, ZOZP i ZTS i aktualna procedura registracije i zaštite podrijetla na europskoj i nacionalnoj razini. Glavna tematika ovog rada je zaštita podrijetla vina, s toga je dan prikaz sadašnjeg stanja vinogradarstva i vinarstva u Republici Hrvatskoj te je dan poseban osvrt na zaštitu podrijetla vina na nacionalnoj i europskoj razini. Analizirana je baza podataka E-Bacchus koja se sastoji od Registra oznaka izvornosti i oznaka zemljopisnog podrijetla vina na razini Europske unije. Zaključno se ističe kako se veliki broj malih proizvođača vina može uspješno povezati kroz zaštitu zajedničkih specifičnosti teritorija i proizvoda te proizvođači mogu svoj proizvod bolje plasirati na tržište