Photodisintegration of three- and four- nucleon systems

Three- and four-nucleon photodisintegration processes are quite efficiently treated by means of effective two-body integral equations in momentum space. We recall some aspects of their derivation, present previous and most recent results obtained within this framework, and discuss general features, trends and effects observed in these investigations: At low energies final-state interaction plays an important role. Even more pronounced is the effect of meson exchange currents. A considerable potential dependence shows up in the low-energy peak region. The different peak heights are found to be closely correlated with the corresponding binding energies. Above the peak region only the difference between potentials with or without p-wave contributions remains relevant. In the differential cross sections the electric quadrupole contributions have to be taken into account. The remarkable agreement between theory and experiment in $p$-$d$ radiative capture is achieved only when incorporating this contribution, together with most of the above-mentioned effects. In the final part of this report we briefly review also methods developed, and results achieved in three- and four- nucleon electrodisintegration. We, in particular, compare them with a recent access to this problem, based on the construction of nucleon-nucleus potentials via Marchenko inversion theory.Comment: 20 pages LaTeX and 22 postscript figures included, uses epsfig.sty and espcrc1.sty. Invited talk at the XVth International Conference on Few-Body Problems in Physics (22-26 July, 1997, Groningen, The Netherlands). To be published in the conference proceedings in Nucl. Phys.

Prolapse severity, symptoms and impact on quality of life among women planning sacrocolpopexy

Objectives: To explore the relationship between severity of pelvic organ prolapse (POP), symptoms of pelvic dysfunction and quality of life using validated measures. Method: Baseline data from 314 participants in the Colpopexy And Urinary Reduction Efforts (CARE) trial were analyzed. Pelvic symptoms and impact were assessed using the Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory (PFDI) and the Pelvic Floor Impact Questionnaire (PFIQ). PFDI and PFIQ scores were compared by prolapse stage and history of incontinence or POP surgery. Regression analyses were performed to identify other predictors of symptoms and impact. Results: Women were predominantly (90%) Caucasian and had mean age of 61 years. Women with stage II POP, especially those with prior surgery, reported more symptoms and impact than women with more advanced POP. There were no other significant predictors of symptoms or life impact. Conclusions: Women planning sacrocolpopexy with stage II prolapse and prior pelvic surgery reported more symptoms and quality of life impact than those with more advanced prolapse.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/135603/1/ijgo24.pd

Total 4He Photoabsorption Cross Section Revisited: Correlated HH versus Effective Interaction HH

Two conceptually different hyperspherical harmonics expansions are used for the calculation of the total 4He photoabsorption cross section. Besides the well known method of CHH the recently introduced effective interaction approach for the hyperspherical formalism is applied. Semi-realistic NN potentials are employed and final state interaction is fully taken into account via the Lorentz integral transform method. The results show that the effective interaction leads to a very good convergence, while the correlation method exhibits a less rapid convergence in the giant dipole resonance region. The rather strong discrepancy with the experimental photodisintegration cross sections is confirmed by the present calculations.Comment: LaTeX, 7 pages, 3 ps figure

The 4^4He total photo-absorption cross section with two- plus three-nucleon interactions from chiral effective field theory

The total photo-absorption cross section of $^4$He is evaluated microscopically using two- (NN) and three-nucleon (NNN) interactions based upon chiral effective field theory ($\chi$EFT). The calculation is performed using the Lorentz integral transform method along with the {\em ab initio} no-core shell model approach. An important feature of the present study is the consistency of the NN and NNN interactions and also, through the Siegert theorem, of the two- and three-body current operators. This is due to the application of the $\chi$EFT framework. The inclusion of the NNN interaction produces a suppression of the low-energy peak and enhancement of the high-energy tail of the cross section. We compare to calculations obtained using other interactions and to representative experiments. The rather confused experimental situation in the giant resonance region prevents discrimination among different interaction models.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figure

Photodisintegration of the triton with realistic potentials

The process $\gamma + t \to n + d$ is treated by means of three-body integral equations employing in their kernel the W-Matrix representation of the subsystem amplitudes. As compared to the plane wave (Born) approximation the full solution of the integral equations, which takes into account the final state interaction, shows at low energies a 24% enhancement. The calculations are based on the semirealistic Malfliet-Tjon and the realistic Paris and Bonn B potentials. For comparison with earlier calculations we also present results for the Yamaguchi potential. In the low-energy region a remarkable potential dependence is observed, which vanishes at higher energies.Comment: 16 pages REVTeX, 8 postscript figures included, uses epsfig.st

Loss of β 1 accessory Na + channel subunits causes failure of carbamazepine, but not of lacosamide, in blocking high‐frequency firing via differential effects on persistent Na + currents

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/94523/1/j.1528-1167.2012.03675.x.pd

Pelvic organ prolapse symptoms in relation to POPQ, ordinal stages and ultrasound prolapse assessment

Adequate staging of pelvic organ prolapse is important in clinical practice and research. The ability of the POPQ, ordinal stages and ultrasound prolapse assessment were evaluated for their ability to discriminate between women with and without prolapse symptoms. The leading edge of the predominant compartment in the three assessment systems was used for the calculation of receiver operating characteristics curves. Two hundred and sixty five (265) consecutive women were evaluated. The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve for the three staging systems ranged from 0.715 to 0.783. POPQ staging and ordinal staging performed equally well in the prediction of prolapse symptoms (p = 0.780), and both performed better as compared with ultrasound prolapse assessment (p = 0.048 and p = 0.015, respectively). Prolapse staging can equally be performed by the POPQ and ordinal stages systems as far as the discrimination between women with and without prolapse symptoms is concerned. The ultrasound prolapse assessment does not perform better as compared with these two systems

Prolapse or incontinence: what affects sexual function the most?

Introduction and hypothesis Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) and stress urinary incontinence (SUI) adversely affect sexual function in women. Comparative studies of the two subgroups are few and results are conflicting. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of POP and SUI on the sexual function of women undergoing surgery for these conditions. Methods The study population comprised women with POP or SUI in a tertiary referral hospital in the UK. Women who underwent SUI surgery had no symptoms of POP and had urodynamically proven stress incontinence. Patients with POP had ≥ stage 2 prolapse, without bothersome urinary symptoms. Pre-operative data on sexual function were collected and compared using an electronic pelvic floor assessment questionnaire (ePAQ). The incidence of sexual dysfunction and comparison of symptoms in both groups were calculated using the Mann–Whitney U test. Results Three hundred and forty-three women undergoing surgery for either SUI or POP were included. Patients were age-matched, with 184 undergoing SUI surgery (age range 33–77 years) and 159 POP surgery (age range 27–78 years; p = 0.869). The overall impact of POP and SUI was not significantly different in the two subgroups (p = 0.703). However, both patients (73 % vs 36 %; p = 0.00) and partners (50 % vs 24 %; p = 0.00) avoid intercourse significantly more frequently in cases with POP compared with SUI. This did not have a significant impact on quality of life. Conclusions The impact of bothersome SUI or POP on sexual function was found to be similar, but patient and partner avoidance in women with POP was greater than those with SUI

Emerging Concepts for Pelvic Organ Prolapse Surgery: What is Cure?

The objective of this review is to discuss emerging concepts in pelvic organ prolapse, in particular, “What is cure?” In a post-trial data analysis of the CARE (Colpopexy and Urinary Reduction Efforts) trial, treatment success varied tremendously depending on the definition used (19.2%–97.2%). Definitions that included the absence of vaginal bulge symptoms had the strongest relationships with the patients’ assessment of overall improvement and treatment success. As demonstrated by this study, there are several challenges in defining cure in prolapse surgery. Additionally, the symptoms of prolapse are variable. The degree of prolapse does not correlate directly with symptoms. There are many surgical approaches to pelvic organ prolapse. Multiple ways to quantify prolapse are used. There is a lack of standardized definition of cure. The data on prolapse surgery outcomes are heterogeneous. The goal of surgical repair is to return the pelvic organs to their original anatomic positions. Ideally, we have four main goals: no anatomic prolapse, no functional symptoms, patient satisfaction, and the avoidance of complications. The impact of transvaginal mesh requires thoughtful investigation. The driving force should be patient symptoms in defining cure of prolapse