Establishing reliability of performance indicator of sepak takraw using notational analysis

The aim of this study is to establish the necessary reliability in the notational analysis of sepak takraw. Two performance analysts were recruited to help in the collection of the data. The performances  were  analyzed based  on  the  main performance  indicators  relevant  to  the demand of the game. Cronbach’s alpha and Cohen’s kappa reliability testing was implemented to test the reliability of the information collected. The results for reliability shows [α = 0.91 and K = 0.89 (0.092, 95%), p < 0.05] respectively, which confirmed the reliability of the information  collected  from the  analysis.  This  paper  has revealed  that  reliability  in  the notational analysis could be achieved. Performance analysts should ensure the reliability of their analysis before being relayed to the coach.Keywords: sepak takraw; performance indicators; notational analysis; reliabilit

COSTS AND RETURNS ANALYSIS IN POULTRY PRODUCTION IN BAUCHI AND GOMBE METROPOLIS AREAS

The main objective of the study was to analyse costs and returns in egg production in Bauchi and Gombe metropolises. A number of 29 commercial poultry egg entrepreneurs were purposively selected and interviewed using structured questionnaires. The analysis of the cost structure revealed that feed accounted for about 76% of the total cost of production, while the depreciation on layer stock represented about 90% of the total fixed cost

A comparative study on different BMI category and physical fitness health related component of sedentary male youth in Terengganu

This study aims to compare the physical fitness health related component on three different BMI category (underweight-UG; normal-NG and obese-OG) of sedentary male youth in Terengganu. 223 sedentary male youth of Terengganu (age 17.4±1.9) categorize into three groups based on BMI index value. Five physical fitness health related component (VO2max, one minute sit up and push up, V sit and reach and 20 meter speed) are measured in all groups. Multivariate Analysis of variance revealed that there is significant different between three BMI groups on physical fitness health related components F (10, 434) = 6.24, P < 0.0001. Thus, the current study shows an evidence to improve health, enhancement in each physical fitness health related components must be concentrated instead of correcting BMI alone.Keywords: BMI; physical fitness health related; obesit

A comparative analysis of juggling skill between Sepak raga and Bulu ayam

The uses of sepak takraw’s ball for daily training for children might cause injury, while contact between the foot and ball due to hard and heavy structure. This study aims to examine the differences of kinematic juggling between sepak raga and bulu ayam. Eight participants within the age 13.63 (±0.52) years old were asked to perform 20 trials of sepak sila and sepak kuda juggling using raga ball and bulu ayam. Digital Motion Analysis software was used to analyze the kinematics parameters. One-way repeated measure ANOVA was implemented to examine the differences between the sepak raga and bulu ayam. The finding shows that there are no significant differences of kinematic juggling between sepak raga and bulu ayam in sepak sila juggling skills as well as sepak kuda juggling skills (p > 0.05). The young athlete could choose either raga ball or bulu ayam for skill acquisition depending on their comfort

Image Steganalysis in Frequency Domain Using Co-Occurrence Matrix and Bpnn

In the last two decades, steganalysis has become a fertile research area to minimize the security risks left behind by Misuse of data concealment in digital computer files. As the propagation of hidden writing increased, the need for the steganalysis emerged and grew to a large extent necessary to deter illicit secret communications. This paper introduces a steganalysis system to detect hidden information in images through using co-occurrence matrix, frequency domain transform, the first three moments, and back propagation neural network (BPNN). Four varieties of the system implemented. Firstly, the co-occurrence matrix calculated for the input image, which suspected to be a carrier of hidden secret information. Second, three levels of discrete wavelet transform (DWT) are applied resulting in 12 subbands. Then, those subbands along with the original image are transformed by discrete Fourier transform (DFT) or discrete cosine transform (DCT) to produce 13 subbands. After that, the first three moments are calculated resulting feature vector with 39 features. Finally, BPNN is used as a classifier to determine whether the image is containing hidden information or not. The system is tested with and without co-occurrence matrix, each of them once using DFT and another time using DCT. The results have shown that using co-occurrence matrix with DFT has the highest performance, which was 81.82% on the Hiding Ratio of 0.5 bit per pixel. This work demonstrates a good effect comparing to previous works

Open-array analysis of genetic variants in Egyptian patients with type 2 diabetes and obesity

Background: Diabetes mellitus is considered a major public health problem worldwide. Susceptibility to diabetes is influenced by both genetic and environmental determinants.Aims/hypothesis: The aim of the present study was to test for 16 independent single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in established Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity susceptibility loci by GWAS in a sample of Egyptian patients to find out if there is shared genetic background underlying both disease entities.Methods: Genotyping was performed using OpenArray protocol on the QuantStudioTM 12K Flex Real- Time PCR System. In the present case control study a custom array was designed to facilitate costeffective analysis of selected SNPs related to glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, inflammation, insulin signalling, and immune function.Results: Seven gene variants showed significant association with the risk of T2D patients including FCGRA2, STAT4, CELSR2, PPARG, EXT2 rs3740878, GCKR, PTGS1. Factors that significantly affect T2D were obesity (p < 0.001) and GCKR (p = 0.001) and PTGS1 (p = 0.001) gene variants. Gene variants that showed significant or borderline effect on obesity were MTHFD1, EXT2 rs3740878, GCKR and PTGS1 (p = 0.03, 0.017, 0.059, 0.006) respectively.Conclusions/interpretation: Overlapping genetic aspects should be considered and the presence of risk alleles of different genes together could contribute to the risk of T2D or obesity or both. The MTHFD1 and EXT2rs3740878 gene variants significantly affect obesity and not shared with T2D. Gene variants that showed combined effect on both disease entities were GCKR and PTGS1. These findings provide a basis for future studies on a larger scale. More stress on the risk gene variants that have a combined impact on both diabetes and obesity is recommended to improve risk prediction and preventive strategies

Epstein-Barr virus: clinical and epidemiological revisits and genetic basis of oncogenesis

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is classified as a member in the order herpesvirales, family herpesviridae, subfamily gammaherpesvirinae and the genus lymphocytovirus. The virus is an exclusively human pathogen and thus also termed as human herpesvirus 4 (HHV4). It was the first oncogenic virus recognized and has been incriminated in the causation of tumors of both lymphatic and epithelial nature. It was reported in some previous studies that 95% of the population worldwide are serologically positive to the virus. Clinically, EBV primary infection is almost silent, persisting as a life-long asymptomatic latent infection in B cells although it may be responsible for a transient clinical syndrome called infectious mononucleosis. Following reactivation of the virus from latency due to immunocompromised status, EBV was found to be associated with several tumors. EBV linked to oncogenesis as detected in lymphoid tumors such as Burkitt's lymphoma (BL), Hodgkin's disease (HD), post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD) and T-cell lymphomas (e.g. Peripheral T-cell lymphomas; PTCL and Anaplastic large cell lymphomas; ALCL). It is also linked to epithelial tumors such as nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), gastric carcinomas and oral hairy leukoplakia (OHL). In vitro, EBV many studies have demonstrated its ability to transform B cells into lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs). Despite these malignancies showing different clinical and epidemiological patterns when studied, genetic studies have suggested that these EBV- associated transformations were characterized generally by low level of virus gene expression with only the latent virus proteins (LVPs) upregulated in both tumors and LCLs. In this review, we summarize some clinical and epidemiological features of EBV- associated tumors. We also discuss how EBV latent genes may lead to oncogenesis in the different clinical malignancie

Mapping geographical inequalities in childhood diarrhoeal morbidity and mortality in low-income and middle-income countries, 2000–17 : analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Background Across low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), one in ten deaths in children younger than 5 years is attributable to diarrhoea. The substantial between-country variation in both diarrhoea incidence and mortality is attributable to interventions that protect children, prevent infection, and treat disease. Identifying subnational regions with the highest burden and mapping associated risk factors can aid in reducing preventable childhood diarrhoea. Methods We used Bayesian model-based geostatistics and a geolocated dataset comprising 15 072 746 children younger than 5 years from 466 surveys in 94 LMICs, in combination with findings of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017, to estimate posterior distributions of diarrhoea prevalence, incidence, and mortality from 2000 to 2017. From these data, we estimated the burden of diarrhoea at varying subnational levels (termed units) by spatially aggregating draws, and we investigated the drivers of subnational patterns by creating aggregated risk factor estimates. Findings The greatest declines in diarrhoeal mortality were seen in south and southeast Asia and South America, where 54·0% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 38·1–65·8), 17·4% (7·7–28·4), and 59·5% (34·2–86·9) of units, respectively, recorded decreases in deaths from diarrhoea greater than 10%. Although children in much of Africa remain at high risk of death due to diarrhoea, regions with the most deaths were outside Africa, with the highest mortality units located in Pakistan. Indonesia showed the greatest within-country geographical inequality; some regions had mortality rates nearly four times the average country rate. Reductions in mortality were correlated to improvements in water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) or reductions in child growth failure (CGF). Similarly, most high-risk areas had poor WASH, high CGF, or low oral rehydration therapy coverage. Interpretation By co-analysing geospatial trends in diarrhoeal burden and its key risk factors, we could assess candidate drivers of subnational death reduction. Further, by doing a counterfactual analysis of the remaining disease burden using key risk factors, we identified potential intervention strategies for vulnerable populations. In view of the demands for limited resources in LMICs, accurately quantifying the burden of diarrhoea and its drivers is important for precision public health

Long-range Angular Correlations On The Near And Away Side In P-pb Collisions At √snn=5.02 Tev

7191/Mar294