CMS physics technical design report : Addendum on high density QCD with heavy ions

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Retrospective cross-sectional study of the evolution of the use of pharmacological opioids and heroin in a population group in the Barcelona area

Data de publicació electrònica: 02-08-2022Antecedentes: La dependencia de opioides está causando una epidemia en Estados Unidos, pero, a diferencia de la de los años setenta, parece más relacionada con los opioides de prescripción que con la heroína. Objetivos: El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar si esta nueva epidemia ha llegado ya a nuestro medio y ver si hay cambios en el consumo y en las características de los consumidores. Pacientes y métodos: Estudio transversal retrospectivo. Se incluyeron 1.140 pacientes entre el periodo 2012 y 2019, 633 de los cuales fueron primeras visitas a Centros de Atención y Seguimiento a las drogadicciones (CAS), 502 corresponden a visitas en urgencias por problemas relacionados con sobredosis o abstinencia de heroína o de opioides con receta, y los 5 restantes son recién nacidos de madres adictas a la heroína. Se analizaron los datos demográficos y las características de las sustancias de abuso, comparándose entre períodos parciales. Resultados: Se produjo una disminución global de las primeras visitas de pacientes a los CAS que referían adicción a la heroína (p=0,001), mientras que los adictos a los opioides de farmacia se han mantenido estables. Ha habido un aumento irregular del total de urgencias, consultas por sobredosis y por abstinencia, tanto de heroína como de opioides con receta (p=0,062, p=0,166 y p=0,005, respectivamente). Las urgencias relacionadas con opioides han sido menos frecuentes que las relacionadas con heroína. Los pacientes europeos no españoles han aumentado respecto los españoles. Conclusión: No se ha producido un aumento preocupante del abuso de heroína ni de opioides con receta en nuestro medio.Background: Opioid dependence is causing an epidemic in the US, but unlike the 1970s it seems more related to prescription opioids than heroin. Objectives: The objective of this study is to assess whether this new epidemic has already reached our environment and to see if there are changes in consumption and in the characteristics of consumers. Patients and methods: Retrospective cross-sectional study. 1,140 patients were included between 2012 and 2019, 633 of whom were first visits to Drug Addiction Care and (CAS) Monitoring Centers, 502 corresponding to emergency room visits for problems related to overdose or withdrawal of heroin or opioids with prescription, and the remaining 5 are newborns of mothers addicted to heroin. Demographic data and characteristics of the substances of abuse were analyzed, comparing between partial periods. Results: There was a global decrease in the first visits of patients to the CAS who reported heroin addiction (P=.001), while those addicted to pharmacy opioids have remained stable. There has been an irregular increase in total emergency visits, overdose consultations, and withdrawal consultations, both for heroin and prescription opioids (P=.062, P=.166 and P=.005, respectively). Opioid-related emergencies have been less frequent than for heroin. Non-Spanish European patients have increased compared to Spanish patients. Conclusion: There has been no worrying increase in heroin or prescription opioid abuse in our setting

Concentraciones plasmáticas de 25-OH vitamina D y parathormona en sangre de cordón umbilical

Background: Plasma 25(OH)D levels in the newborn are dependent on maternal stores, thus, neonates of vitamin D-deficient mothers present a greater risk of hypocalcaemia, rickets and infections the first year of life. Several studies showing a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women have been published recently. The aim of the study is to analyze the levels of 25(OH)D in cord blood and determine whether there is a relation with nutritional, socioeconomic and clinical factors of pregnant women and their newborns. Metthods: Between March and May 2013, 99 pregnant women were recruited in Hospital del Mar (Barcelona), in whom plasma 25(OH)D and PTH levels were measured in cord blood at birth. Clinical history data were collected and a nutritional survey was made on maternal vitamin D and calcium intake and sun exposure. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS. Comparisons were performed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests, and correction for multiple comparisons using Bonferroni. P value <0.05 and <0.0083 for multiple comparisons were considered statistically significant. Results: Mean 25(OH)D value in cord blood was 10.4±6.1 ng/ml. 94% of pregnant women had 25(OH)D levels in cord blood <20 ng/ml. Vitamin D and calcium intake was considered adequate in 92% although sun exposure was deficient in 47%. A correlation between serum 25(OH)D and vitamin D (p 0.033) and calcium intake (p 0.005), sun exposure (p<0.001), ethnicity (p<0.001), skin phototype (p<0.001) and use of traditional clothing (p<0.001) was found. Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of low levels of vitamin D after winter months in cord blood. The lowest 25(OH D levels were observed in Indo-Pakistani ethnicity, dark phototype and deficient sun exposure.Fundamentos: Los niveles de vitamina D (25(OH)D) del recién nacido dependen de los depósitos maternos, presentando mayor riesgo de hipocalcemia, raquitismo e infecciones durante el primer año de vida si existe déficit. Recientemente se han publicado estudios que muestran una alta prevalencia de deficiencia de vitamina D en mujeres gestantes. El objetivo del estudio fue analizar los niveles de 25(OH)D en sangre de cordón umbilical y determinar si existe una relación con factores nutricionales, socioeconómicos y clínicos de las mujeres gestantes. Métodos: Entre marzo y mayo de 2013 se seleccionó a 99 gestantes del Hospital del Mar (Barcelona), en las que se determinaron las concentraciones de 25(OH)D y parathormona en sangre de cordón umbilical. Se recogieron datos de la historia clínica y se realizó una encuesta sobre ingesta de vitamina D y calcio así como de exposición solar. Se realizó el análisis estadístico mediante el programa SPSS. Las comparaciones se realizaron mediante test de Kruskal-Wallis y U de Mann-Whitney, aplicando corrección por comparaciones múltiples de Bonferroni. Se consideró estadísticamente significativa una p<0,05 y de 0,0083 para comparaciones múltiples. Resultados: El valor medio de 25(OH)D en sangre de cordón fue 10,4±6,1 ng/ml. El 94% de las mujeres presentaron niveles de 25(OH)D en sangre de cordón <20 ng/ml. La ingesta de vitamina D y calcio fueron adecuadas en 92%, aunque la exposición solar resultó deficitaria en 47%. Se encontró una correlación entre niveles de 25(OH)D e ingesta de vitamina D (p<0,033) y calcio (p<0,005), exposición solar (p<0,001), etnia (p<0,001), fototipo cutáneo (p<0,001) y uso de indumentaria tradicional (p<0,001). Conclusiones: Existe una elevada prevalencia de déficit de vitamina D en sangre de cordón umbilical tras los meses de invierno. Los niveles de 25(OH)D más bajos se observaron en etnia indopakistaní, fototipo oscuro y baja exposición solar

Concentraciones plasmáticas de 25-OH-vitamina D en sangre de cordón umbilical tras los meses de verano

OBJECTIVE: Plasma vitamin D (25(OH)D) levels in the newborn are dependent on maternal stores. Several studies showing a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women have been published last years. The aim of the study was to analyze 25(OH)D levels in cord blood after summer month, determine whether there is a relation with different variables. METHODS: 103 pregnant women were recruited between October and early December 2014, whose gestations took place during month of maximum sun exposure. Plasmatic 25(OH)D values were measured in cord blood at birth. Clinical record data were collected and a nutritional survey was made on maternal vitamin D and calcium intake and sun exposure. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS. Comparisons were performed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests, and correction for multiple comparisons using Bonferroni. P value smaller than 0.05 and smaller than 0.0083 for multiple comparisons were considered sta¬tistically significant. RESULTS: Mean 25(OH)D value in cord blood was 12.36± 7.2 ng/ml. Vitamin D deficiency was present in 83.4% of women. A statistically significant correlation was observed between lowvitamin D levels and low vitamin D intake (correlation coefficient 0.29); Ethnic group, with the highest level in caucasic group (17.9 ± 5.83 ng/ml) and the lowest in indopakistani group (6.68 ± 4.2 ng/ml); the use of traditional clothing (5.64 ± 3.09 ng/ml); low sun exposure and dark skin phototype with a correlation coefficient of 0.67 and -0.48, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: There is a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women regardless of the season and increased sun exposure. Low vitamin D levels in cord blood were significantly related to ethnicity (Indopakistan and Maghreb), low sun exposure and dark skin phototype. No statistically significant differences were found between vitamin D levels and perinatal variables studied