Ciclo biol\uf3gico del minador de la hoja de los c\uedtricos Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) en naranja ( Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck)

S\ue1nchez J, Cermeli M, Morales P. 2002. Life cycle of the citrus leafminer Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) on sweet orange ( Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck). Entomotropica 17(2):167-172. The life cycle of the citrus leafminer, Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) is described on sweet orange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) in greenhouse, complemented with observations on the behavior of life stages. The life cycle was completed in 14.25 \ub1 1.29 days (13 - 15.5) at 27.67 \ub0C and 61% relative humidity. The average in days for each stage was 2.35 \ub0 0.32 for the eggs, 4.25 \ub1 0.23 for the larvae, 1.03 \ub1 0.13 for the prepupa and 6.58 \ub1 0.61 for pupal development. Three larval instars stages were recorded with a duration of 1.11 \ub1 0.15; 1.12 \ub1 0.10 and 2.02 \ub1 0.14 days respectively. The observed lifespan of adults was a minimum of four and a maximum of 21 days.S\ue1nchez J, Cermeli M, Morales P. 2002. Ciclo biol\uf3gico del minador de la hoja de los c\uedtricos Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) en naranja ( Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck). Entomotropica 17(2):167-172. En el presente trabajo se describe el ciclo biol\uf3gico del minador de la hoja de los c\uedtricos Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) en naranja valencia (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck), en condiciones de invernadero, complement\ue1ndolo con observaciones sobre el comportamiento de los diferentes estad\uedos. El tiempo para completar el ciclo a una temperatura promedio de 27,67 \ub0C y 61% de humedad relativa fue de 14,25 \ub1 1,29 d\uedas (rango 13 - 15,5 d\uedas). El promedio de desarrollo en d\uedas para cada fase fue de 2,35 \ub1 0,32 para incubaci\uf3n de huevos, 4,25 \ub1 0,23 para desarrollo larval, 1,03 \ub1 0,13 para la prepupa y 6,58 \ub1 0,61 para la pupa. Se determinaron tres instares larvales con duraci\uf3n de 1,11 \ub1 0,15; 1,12 \ub1 0,10 y 2,02 \ub1 0,14 d\uedas respectivamente. El tiempo de vida de los adultos fluctu\uf3 entre un m\uednimo de cuatro hasta un m\ue1ximo de 21 d\uedas

Magnetic fields in M dwarfs from the CARMENES survey

M dwarfs are known to generate the strongest magnetic fields among main-sequence stars with convective envelopes, but the link between the magnetic fields and underlying dynamo mechanisms, rotation, and activity still lacks a consistent picture. In this work we measure magnetic fields from the high-resolution near-infrared spectra taken with the CARMENES radial-velocity planet survey in a sample of 29 active M dwarfs and compare our results against stellar parameters. We use the state-of-the-art radiative transfer code to measure total magnetic flux densities from the Zeeman broadening of spectral lines and filling factors. We detect strong kG magnetic fields in all our targets. In 16 stars the magnetic fields were measured for the first time. Our measurements are consistent with the magnetic field saturation in stars with rotation periods P<4d. The analysis of the magnetic filling factors reveal two different patterns of either very smooth distribution or a more patchy one, which can be connected to the dynamo state of the stars and/or stellar mass. Our measurements extend the list of M dwarfs with strong surface magnetic fields. They also allow us to better constrain the interplay between the magnetic energy, stellar rotation, and underlying dynamo action. The high spectral resolution and observations at near-infrared wavelengths are the beneficial capabilities of the CARMENES instrument that allow us to address important questions about the stellar magnetism.Comment: 13 pages of main text, 14 pages of online material, 2 table

Microalgae Cultivation for Secondary Metabolite Production

Microalgae including cyanobacteria have been recognized as an excellent source of fine chemicals, renewable fuels, vitamins, and proteins and usually are found in health food stores around the world. However, the accumulation of these compounds generally occurs at end of the exponential growth phase; furthermore, biomass density in cultivation commonly is low. Open cultures have been used for pigment, biofuels, and biomass production, but these types of culture system are not a good choice for the production of fine chemicals, due to contamination problems and the expensive production costs. Closed photobioreactors can be operated in a continuous cultivation providing an increase on biomass density and contamination-free condition and generally working at a maximum growth rate under specific conditions; besides, these systems can recycle the consumed culture medium at least three times before a new enriched medium is supplied, generating a more cost-effective production system. In addition, microalgae metabolism can be manipulated to provoke a specific secondary metabolite accumulation by the addition of organic carbon source or changing light intensity or both. In other words, photobioreactors can operate in continuous mode, with efficient light supply and the supplementation of organic carbon source to produce fine biochemicals such as anticancer, antibacterial, antioxidant, lectins, antiviral compounds, and biofuels

Neurocognitive outcomes in pediatric brain tumors after treatment with proton versus photon radiation: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Advances in cancer treatments, particularly the development of radiation therapy, have led to improvements in survival outcomes in children with brain tumors. However, radiation therapy is associated with significant long-term neurocognitive morbidity. The present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to compare the neurocognitive outcomes of children and adolescents with brain tumors treated with photon radiation (XRT) or proton therapy (PBRT). Methods: A systematic search was conducted (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science from inception until 02/01/2022) for studies comparing the neurocognitive outcomes of children and adolescents with brain tumors treated with XRT vs. PBRT. The pooled mean differences (expressed as Z scores) were calculated using a random effects method for those endpoints analyzed by a minimum of three studies. Results: Totally 10 studies (n = 630 patients, average age range: 1–20 years) met the inclusion criteria. Patients who had received PBRT achieved significantly higher scores (difference in Z scores ranging from 0.29–0.75, all P 0.05 in main analyses or sensitivity analyses) were found for nonverbal memory, verbal working memory and working memory index, processing speed index, or focused attention. Conclusions: Pediatric brain tumor patients who receive PBRT achieve significantly higher scores on most neurocognitive outcomes than those who receive XRT. Larger studies with long-term follow-ups are needed to confirm these results.14 página

Improving Cognitive Visual-Motor Abilities in Individuals with Down Syndrome

Down syndrome causes a reduction in cognitive abilities, with visual-motor skills being particularly affected. In this work, we have focused on this skill in order to stimulate better learning. The proposal relies on stimulating the cognitive visual-motor skills of individuals with Down Syndrome (DS) using exercises with a gestural interaction platform based on the KINECT sensor named TANGO:H, the goal being to improve them. To validate the proposal, an experimental single-case study method was designed using two groups: a control group and an experimental one, with similar cognitive ages. Didactic exercises were provided to the experimental group using visual cognitive stimulation. These exercises were created on the TANGO:H Designer, a platform that was designed for gestural interaction using the KINECT sensor. As a result, TANGO:H allows for visual-motor cognitive stimulation through the movement of hands, arms, feet and head. The “Illinois Test of Psycholinguistic Abilities (ITPA)” was applied to both groups as a pre-test and post-test in its four reference sections: visual comprehension, visual-motor sequential memory, visual association, and visual integration. Two checks were made, one using the longitudinal comparison of the pre-test/post-test of the experimental group, and another that relied on comparing the difference of the means of the pre-test/post-test. We also used an observational methodology for the working sessions from the experimental group. Although the statistical results do not show significant differences between the two groups, the results of the observations exhibited an improvement in visual-motor cognitive skills

A low-mass planet candidate orbiting Proxima Centauri at a distance of 1.5 AU

Copyright © 2020 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License 4.0 (CC BY-NC).Our nearest neighbor, Proxima Centauri, hosts a temperate terrestrial planet. We detected in radial velocities evidence of a possible second planet with minimum mass m c sin i c = 5.8 ± 1.9 M ⊕ and orbital period P c = 5.21 - 0.22 + 0.26 years. The analysis of photometric data and spectro-scopic activity diagnostics does not explain the signal in terms of a stellar activity cycle, but follow-up is required in the coming years for confirming its planetary origin. We show that the existence of the planet can be ascertained, and its true mass can be determined with high accuracy, by combining Gaia astrometry and radial velocities. Proxima c could become a prime target for follow-up and characterization with next-generation direct imaging instrumentation due to the large maximum angular separation of ~1 arc second from the parent star. The candidate planet represents a challenge for the models of super-Earth formation and evolution.Peer reviewedFinal Published versio

Development and characterization of a novel C-terminal inhibitor of Hsp90 in androgen dependent and independent prostate cancer cells

Background: The molecular chaperone, heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) has been shown to be overexpressed in a number of cancers, including prostate cancer, making it an important target for drug discovery. Unfortunately, results with N-terminal inhibitors from initial clinical trials have been disappointing, as toxicity and resistance resulting from induction of the heat shock response (HSR) has led to both scheduling and administration concerns. Therefore, Hsp90 inhibitors that do not induce the heat shock response represent a promising new direction for the treatment of prostate cancer. Herein, the development of a C-terminal Hsp90 inhibitor, KU174, is described, which demonstrates anti-cancer activity in prostate cancer cells in the absence of a HSR and describe a novel approach to characterize Hsp90 inhibition in cancer cells. Methods: PC3-MM2 and LNCaP-LN3 cells were used in both direct and indirect in vitro Hsp90 inhibition assays (DARTS, Surface Plasmon Resonance, co-immunoprecipitation, luciferase, Western blot, anti-proliferative, cytotoxicity and size exclusion chromatography) to characterize the effects of KU174 in prostate cancer cells. Pilot in vivo efficacy studies were also conducted with KU174 in PC3-MM2 xenograft studies. Results: KU174 exhibits robust anti-proliferative and cytotoxic activity along with client protein degradation and disruption of Hsp90 native complexes without induction of a HSR. Furthermore, KU174 demonstrates direct binding to the Hsp90 protein and Hsp90 complexes in cancer cells. In addition, in pilot in-vivo proof-of-concept studies KU174 demonstrates efficacy at 75 mg/kg in a PC3-MM2 rat tumor model. Conclusions: Overall, these findings suggest C-terminal Hsp90 inhibitors have potential as therapeutic agents for the treatment of prostate cancer

Revisiting the term neuroprotection in chronic and degenerative diseases

Thanks to the development of several new researches, the lifetime presented a significant increase, even so, we still have many obstacles to overcome - among them, manage and get responses regarding neurodegenerative diseases. Where we are in the understanding of neuroprotection? Do we really have protective therapies for diseases considered degeneratives such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and its variants, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease and many others? Neuroprotection is defined by many researches as interactions and interventions that can slow down or even inhibit the progression of neuronal degeneration process. We make some considerations on this neuroprotective effect.Department of Neurology, Antonio Pedro University Hospital, Fluminense Federal University , NiteróiNeurology Service, Nova Iguaçu Hospital , PosseBrain Mapping Laboratory and Electroencephalogram, Federal University of Rio de JaneiroBrain Mapping and Functionality Laboratory, Federal University of PiauíSeverino Sombra University Center, School of Medicine , VassourasDepartment of Neurology, Federal University of São Paulo , BrazilDepartment of Neurology, Federal University of São Paulo , BrazilWeb of Scienc

Infographic. How does exercise treatment compare with antihypertensive medications?

High systolic blood pressure (SBP) remains the major cause of premature death globally despite advances in pharmacological treatment.1 2 The global direct medical costs associated with hypertension treatment are estimated at $370 billion/year worldwide, with the healthcare savings from effective management of this condition projected at about$100 billion/year.3 Unfortunately, relatively little attention is given to non-pharmacological strategies, including structured exercise interventions. A recent network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) published in the BJSM4 aimed to compare the effects of exercise interventions and medications on SBP. We highlight the key findings of this network meta-analysis that are particularly relevant for clinical practice and health policy.Sin financiación12.022 JCR (2019) Q1, 1/85 Sport Sciences3.712 SJR (2019) Q1, 48/2754 Medicine (miscellaneous), 1/284 Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, 1/207 Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, 2/125 Sports ScienceNo data IDR 2019UE

Spatial flexibility options in electricity market simulation tools: Deliverable D4.3

Project TradeRES - New Markets Design & Models for 100% Renewable Power Systems: https://traderes.eu/about/ABSTRACT: Deliverable D4.3 addresses the spatial flexibility options that are being considered by TradeRES models. D4.3 presents a report describing the spatial flexibility-related modelling components that are already implemented and those that are being designed for integration in TradeRES agent-based models. This report includes the main definitions, concepts and terminology related to spatial flexibility, as means to support the presentation of the specific models that are being developed by the project, namely about flow based market coupling, market spliting, nodal pricing, dynamic line rating, cross border intraday market, cross border reserve market, cross border capacity market, consumer flexibility aggregation, renewable energy aggregation, storage aggregation, electric vehicle aggregation and grid capacity.N/