Salidas profesionales y desarrollo de carreras relacionadas con la titulación estudiada

El objetivo de este proyecto es la mejora de la empleabilidad de los alumnos del grado de Comercio. El proyecto consiste en un ciclo de conferencias con directivos que tienen responsabilidades en áreas comerciales de empresas, con el objetivo de que conozcan las posibilidades de trabajo y las competencias y habilidades que se exigen.Depto. de Organización de EmpresasFac. de Ciencias Económicas y EmpresarialesFALSEsubmitte

The global burden of cancer attributable to risk factors, 2010-19 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Background Understanding the magnitude of cancer burden attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors is crucial for development of effective prevention and mitigation strategies. We analysed results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 to inform cancer control planning efforts globally. Methods The GBD 2019 comparative risk assessment framework was used to estimate cancer burden attributable to behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risk factors. A total of 82 risk-outcome pairs were included on the basis of the World Cancer Research Fund criteria. Estimated cancer deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) in 2019 and change in these measures between 2010 and 2019 are presented. Findings Globally, in 2019, the risk factors included in this analysis accounted for 4.45 million (95% uncertainty interval 4.01-4.94) deaths and 105 million (95.0-116) DALYs for both sexes combined, representing 44.4% (41.3-48.4) of all cancer deaths and 42.0% (39.1-45.6) of all DALYs. There were 2.88 million (2.60-3.18) risk-attributable cancer deaths in males (50.6% [47.8-54.1] of all male cancer deaths) and 1.58 million (1.36-1.84) risk-attributable cancer deaths in females (36.3% [32.5-41.3] of all female cancer deaths). The leading risk factors at the most detailed level globally for risk-attributable cancer deaths and DALYs in 2019 for both sexes combined were smoking, followed by alcohol use and high BMI. Risk-attributable cancer burden varied by world region and Socio-demographic Index (SDI), with smoking, unsafe sex, and alcohol use being the three leading risk factors for risk-attributable cancer DALYs in low SDI locations in 2019, whereas DALYs in high SDI locations mirrored the top three global risk factor rankings. From 2010 to 2019, global risk-attributable cancer deaths increased by 20.4% (12.6-28.4) and DALYs by 16.8% (8.8-25.0), with the greatest percentage increase in metabolic risks (34.7% [27.9-42.8] and 33.3% [25.8-42.0]). Interpretation The leading risk factors contributing to global cancer burden in 2019 were behavioural, whereas metabolic risk factors saw the largest increases between 2010 and 2019. Reducing exposure to these modifiable risk factors would decrease cancer mortality and DALY rates worldwide, and policies should be tailored appropriately to local cancer risk factor burden. Copyright (C) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license.Peer reviewe

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Global burden of 288 causes of death and life expectancy decomposition in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

BACKGROUND Regular, detailed reporting on population health by underlying cause of death is fundamental for public health decision making. Cause-specific estimates of mortality and the subsequent effects on life expectancy worldwide are valuable metrics to gauge progress in reducing mortality rates. These estimates are particularly important following large-scale mortality spikes, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. When systematically analysed, mortality rates and life expectancy allow comparisons of the consequences of causes of death globally and over time, providing a nuanced understanding of the effect of these causes on global populations. METHODS The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 cause-of-death analysis estimated mortality and years of life lost (YLLs) from 288 causes of death by age-sex-location-year in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations for each year from 1990 until 2021. The analysis used 56 604 data sources, including data from vital registration and verbal autopsy as well as surveys, censuses, surveillance systems, and cancer registries, among others. As with previous GBD rounds, cause-specific death rates for most causes were estimated using the Cause of Death Ensemble model-a modelling tool developed for GBD to assess the out-of-sample predictive validity of different statistical models and covariate permutations and combine those results to produce cause-specific mortality estimates-with alternative strategies adapted to model causes with insufficient data, substantial changes in reporting over the study period, or unusual epidemiology. YLLs were computed as the product of the number of deaths for each cause-age-sex-location-year and the standard life expectancy at each age. As part of the modelling process, uncertainty intervals (UIs) were generated using the 2·5th and 97·5th percentiles from a 1000-draw distribution for each metric. We decomposed life expectancy by cause of death, location, and year to show cause-specific effects on life expectancy from 1990 to 2021. We also used the coefficient of variation and the fraction of population affected by 90% of deaths to highlight concentrations of mortality. Findings are reported in counts and age-standardised rates. Methodological improvements for cause-of-death estimates in GBD 2021 include the expansion of under-5-years age group to include four new age groups, enhanced methods to account for stochastic variation of sparse data, and the inclusion of COVID-19 and other pandemic-related mortality-which includes excess mortality associated with the pandemic, excluding COVID-19, lower respiratory infections, measles, malaria, and pertussis. For this analysis, 199 new country-years of vital registration cause-of-death data, 5 country-years of surveillance data, 21 country-years of verbal autopsy data, and 94 country-years of other data types were added to those used in previous GBD rounds. FINDINGS The leading causes of age-standardised deaths globally were the same in 2019 as they were in 1990; in descending order, these were, ischaemic heart disease, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and lower respiratory infections. In 2021, however, COVID-19 replaced stroke as the second-leading age-standardised cause of death, with 94·0 deaths (95% UI 89·2-100·0) per 100 000 population. The COVID-19 pandemic shifted the rankings of the leading five causes, lowering stroke to the third-leading and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease to the fourth-leading position. In 2021, the highest age-standardised death rates from COVID-19 occurred in sub-Saharan Africa (271·0 deaths [250·1-290·7] per 100 000 population) and Latin America and the Caribbean (195·4 deaths [182·1-211·4] per 100 000 population). The lowest age-standardised death rates from COVID-19 were in the high-income super-region (48·1 deaths [47·4-48·8] per 100 000 population) and southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania (23·2 deaths [16·3-37·2] per 100 000 population). Globally, life expectancy steadily improved between 1990 and 2019 for 18 of the 22 investigated causes. Decomposition of global and regional life expectancy showed the positive effect that reductions in deaths from enteric infections, lower respiratory infections, stroke, and neonatal deaths, among others have contributed to improved survival over the study period. However, a net reduction of 1·6 years occurred in global life expectancy between 2019 and 2021, primarily due to increased death rates from COVID-19 and other pandemic-related mortality. Life expectancy was highly variable between super-regions over the study period, with southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania gaining 8·3 years (6·7-9·9) overall, while having the smallest reduction in life expectancy due to COVID-19 (0·4 years). The largest reduction in life expectancy due to COVID-19 occurred in Latin America and the Caribbean (3·6 years). Additionally, 53 of the 288 causes of death were highly concentrated in locations with less than 50% of the global population as of 2021, and these causes of death became progressively more concentrated since 1990, when only 44 causes showed this pattern. The concentration phenomenon is discussed heuristically with respect to enteric and lower respiratory infections, malaria, HIV/AIDS, neonatal disorders, tuberculosis, and measles. INTERPRETATION Long-standing gains in life expectancy and reductions in many of the leading causes of death have been disrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic, the adverse effects of which were spread unevenly among populations. Despite the pandemic, there has been continued progress in combatting several notable causes of death, leading to improved global life expectancy over the study period. Each of the seven GBD super-regions showed an overall improvement from 1990 and 2021, obscuring the negative effect in the years of the pandemic. Additionally, our findings regarding regional variation in causes of death driving increases in life expectancy hold clear policy utility. Analyses of shifting mortality trends reveal that several causes, once widespread globally, are now increasingly concentrated geographically. These changes in mortality concentration, alongside further investigation of changing risks, interventions, and relevant policy, present an important opportunity to deepen our understanding of mortality-reduction strategies. Examining patterns in mortality concentration might reveal areas where successful public health interventions have been implemented. Translating these successes to locations where certain causes of death remain entrenched can inform policies that work to improve life expectancy for people everywhere. FUNDING Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation

El impacto de la transformación digital en la gestión del talento

Este trabajo se desarrolla en el marco de los cambios organizativos que conlleva la transformación digital de empresas. Existen diferencias significativas entre las empresas que alcanzan el éxito dentro de este proceso complejo de cambio y las que fracasan a pesar de acometer cuantiosas inversiones en tecnología. Desde nuestra perspectiva consideramos que la gestión del talento, dentro de este proceso es un factor clave para que la estrategia de transformación digital alcance los objetivos marcados. Desatender la importancia que puede tener el talento para avanzar en este complejo proceso de cambio, supondría una ralentización o limitación de la transformación digital. Se ha partido de un marco teórico general del que depende nuestro modelo, como es la innovación y el cambio en las empresas, junto a los modelos actuales de dirección de personas. Desde este enfoque posteriormente entramos en un marco teórico específico que recoge los factores propios del proceso de transformación digital y gestión del talento. Estos factores son en primer lugar los propios de la digitalización como son el concepto de madurez digital y los cambios organizativos de la transformación digital: nuevos modelos de negocio, cultura de innovación y liderazgo transformacional. En segundo lugar, abordamos los conceptos propios del talento como son la dirección de recursos humanos en la era digital y la propia estrategia de gestión del talento dentro de este contexto digital. El presente trabajo presenta diferentes objetivos a conseguir tanto con la revisión bibliográfica como con el estudio empírico. Nos marcamos como objetivos el realizar una exhaustiva revisión bibliográfica sobre gestión del talento y transformación digital. Otro objetivo es revisar el marco teórico sobre la transformación digital y como se está adaptando la gestión del talento en este contexto. A su vez nos planteamos como objetivo analizar los procesos clave de atracción, retención y compromiso del talento y su relación con los indicadores del cambio de la transformación digital. Con el fin de encontrar evidencias de estos cambios nos planteamos construir un instrumento fiable de medida en formato de cuestionario. Por último, planteamos un doble objetivo que consiste en aportar avances en esta materia para la comunidad científica y por otro lado aportar a las empresas información contrastada sobre los cambios en cuanto a la gestión del talento en pleno proceso de transformación digital..

The impact of digital transformation on talent management

The digital transformation of companies involves a set of substantial changes in all areas of the organization. This study analyses the influence of digital transformation on talent management processes. In an effort to determine whether companies make different investments in each, we analyse talent management by separating the variables that attract and retain talent. The sample under study is made up of 314 Spanish companies who are currently undergoing the process of digital transformation. Company data were obtained through a questionnaire answered by managers of these organizations. The statistical technique used to test the model assumptions was a structural equation model. The results obtained lead us to accept the model hypotheses. The organizational changes brought about by digital transformation are thus seen to influence talent management and to attract and retain talent

Satisfaction with oral anticoagulants in patients with atrial fibrillation

BACKGROUND: Although, by itself, atrial fibrillation is associated with an impairment of quality of life antithrombotic therapy may play a role. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the satisfaction with anticoagulant treatment in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation who attended internal medicine departments in Spain. METHODS: Patients from two different cross-sectional studies were combined. To measure the satisfaction with anticoagulant treatment, the Anti-Clot-Treatment Scale (ACTS) questionnaire was completed by every patient. A multivariate analysis was performed to determine the variables associated with satisfaction of patients receiving oral anticoagulants. RESULTS: A total of 1,309 patients (mean age 78.5±8.4 years; 49.3% men; CHA2DS2VASC 4.9±1.5; HAS-BLED 2.0±0.9) were included in the study, of whom 902 (68.9%) were taking vitamin K antagonists (VKA) and 407 (31.1%) direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs). Overall, satisfaction with oral anticoagulation was high (ACTS Burdens scale 49.69±9.45; ACTS Benefits scale 11.35±2.61). The perceived burdens with anticoagulant treatment were lower in men, as well as in patients with no dependency, normal renal function, who were not polymedicated, or who had moderate bleeding risk. Among patients taking VKA, those subjects with a lower number of International Normalized Ratio (INR) determinations in the last 6 months or with an optimal time in the therapeutic range exhibited a lower perceived burden. Patients taking DOACs (vs VKA) showed a lower perceived burden with anticoagulation. Benefits with anti-coagulation were higher in men, younger patients, those with no dependency, or low bleeding risk. Perceived benefits were higher in patients taking DOACs (vs VKA). CONCLUSION: Satisfaction with oral anticoagulation was high in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation, who were attending internal medicine departments daily in Spain. Among patients taking VKA, those subjects with a lower number of INR determinations in the last 6 months or with an optimal time in the therapeutic range exhibited a lower perceived burden with anticoagulant therapy. Patients taking DOACs (vs VKA) showed lower perceived burdens and higher perceived benefits with anticoagulation

La comunicación escrita y el análisis de datos como herramientas clave en la empleabilidad de los estudiantes de Turismo

Este proyecto se enmarca en la línea prioritaria cuatro propuestas por el Vicerrectorado de calidad para el curso 2021/2022: “Fomento de la inserción laboral y el emprendimiento entre los estudiantes. Nuestra propuesta se concibe como una continuación del proyecto nº52: “Soft Skills y empleabilidad: La capacidad de análisis y la comunicación escrita como herramientas clave en la empleabilidad de los estudiantes de Turismo” desarrollado por (Susaeta et al., 2021). También enlaza con la experiencia obtenida en otros tres proyectos de innovación consecutivos en la UCM (Babinger et al., 2018, 2019, 2020), cuyo objetivo fue identificar las habilidades blandas que tienen los alumnos de la Facultad de Comercio y Turismo, así´ como las carencias en su perfil profesional para potenciar su selección y empleabilidad. El actual IP y varios miembros del equipo formaron parte de estos proyectos. Nuestro objetivo final es mejorar la empleabilidad de los estudiantes de Turismo, castigada de una manera especial por la pandemia de la COVID 19. Las perspectivas laborales pesimistas desencadenadas por la esta crisis están afectando de forma dramática al sector turístico. En España, este sector concentró el 78% del empleo destruido en el último trimestre de 2020 (datos EPA último trimestre 2020 recogidos en un informe Turespaña) con una pérdida de puestos de trabajo de 485.176 a esta fecha. Este nuevo desempleo ha penalizado fundamentalmente al empleo juvenil (Indice Manpower nº 59). Ante esta situación, como miembros de la comunidad universitaria nos vemos urgidos a actuar y apoyar a nuestros alumnos en su reto profesional. El proyecto solicitado es fruto de las reflexiones y de la experiencia del equipo y trata de potenciar en nuestros alumnos la comunicación escrita y la capacidad de análisis de datos. A lo largo de los últimos años y con más intensidad, desde que se publica el Real Decreto 1393/2007 que establece la obligatoriedad de realizar un Trabajo Fin de Grado, en la dirección de TFGs y TFMs los profesores detectamos con frecuencia ciertas carencias en nuestros egresados respecto a estas habilidades. Se hace necesario proporcionar a los estudiantes las herramientas necesarias para que se expresen bien y con rigor. Es decir, no se trata sólo de escribir con una ortografía correcta. Escribir bien requiere procedimientos ejecutivos que pongan en funcionamiento la planificación, transcripción y revisión en el momento oportuno, asegurando la adecuación del documento según el contexto en el que se desarrolla. Por otra parte, se ha observado la necesidad de que los alumnos dominen herramientas tecnológicas básicas de tratamiento y análisis de datos, como son las hojas de cálculo (Excel) así como su correcta interpretación. Por esta razón este proyecto de innovación quiere añadir este curso académico un módulo en que se acrediten los conocimientos y habilidades del estudiante en el manejo y aprovechamiento de la herramienta Microsoft Excel e interpretación de datos de forma correcta. Esta formación enfocada a mejorar la forma de escribir y de analizar e interpretar datos mejorará la capacidad de los egresados de realizar informes rigurosos y precisos tanto en un ámbito académico (TFG y TFM) como profesional. El mundo empresarial pone sus ojos en profesionales que han sido capaces de desarrollar sus habilidades blandas en paralelo a sus estudios. La incertidumbre y la complejidad forman parte del mundo actual. En entornos variables, incluir una perspectiva humanística en las experiencias de formación empresarial contribuye a ampliar el campo visual, a detectar ambigüedades, y a hacerse preguntas abiertas. Las humanidades hacen posible imaginar escenarios de futuro a través de la ficción y permiten conectar el tiempo pasado con el presente. En la formación empresarial, aportan valor en la toma de decisiones a largo plazo, incentivando nuevos puntos de vista para la resolución de problemas.Fac. de Comercio y TurismoFALSEsubmitte

Profundización en la sensibilización y formación en la accesibilidad e inclusión de las personas con discapacidad visual al proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje dentro de la UCM

El presente proyecto, SENSIVISUAL-UCM-II, supone una continuidad en los procesos de formación y sensibili-zación de la comunidad universitaria en el uso de tecnologías de información y comuni-cación, TICs, accesibles para personas con discapacidad visual, donde debe prevalecer el derecho a la atención equitativa y de calidad, permitiendo su plena inclusión educativa y social, mediante el respeto a sus necesidades específicas. El presente proyecto conti-nua con el trabajo realizado y pretende ahondar en la adecuación de contenidos docen-tes mediante el uso de herramientas concretas que mejoren el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje para personas con déficit visual, siguiendo con el objetivo de la plena inclu-sión de estos alumnos en el aula. SENSIVISUAL-UCM-II persigue la mejora de la calidad docente y de los servicios vinculados a procesos de innovación en materia de inclusión y diversidad, centrándose en los alumnos con discapacidad visual, y bajo la referencia del Aprendizaje por Servicio. La propuesta educativa de este proyecto combina proce-sos de aprendizaje y de servicio a la comunidad en un mismo proyecto, en el que los compañeros de las personas con discapacidad visual aprenden, generando los materia-les didácticos y potenciando el trabajo colaborativo en los grupos de clase, a la vez que trabajan en necesidades reales de la comunidad con la finalidad de mejorarla. Bajo este objetivo, las acciones llevadas a cabo harán que la comunidad universitaria, tanto profe-sores, alumnos como personal de administración y servicios, se implique en la mejora de la institución en su conjunto y del servicio que ésta ha de dar a la sociedad, consiguiendo colocarnos como universidad de referencia en accesibilidad e inclusión