Elisidepsin es un compuesto antitumoral de origen marino que causa muerte celular por necrosis relacionada con el contenido lipídico de las líneas celulares tumorales

Elisidepsin es un compuesto sintético producido por PharmaMar S.A, derivado de un compuesto natural de origen marino. Tiene propiedades antitumorales gracias a que posee una gran actividad citotóxica. Produce una muerte rápida en células tumorales, asociada a la perturbación de la permeabilidad de la membrana plasmática, lo que provoca un cambio osmótico que da lugar a una serie de alteraciones morfológicas y fisiológicas características de una muerte celular por necrosis. Su mecanismo de acción parece estar relacionado con la composición de la bicapa lipídica, ya que se observan cambios en el contenido lipídico de una línea celular resistente al compuesto. Además, se ha demostrado la unión específica del compuesto a un determinado grupo de lípidos perteneciente al contenido lipídico total de la línea celular sensible al tratamiento con Elisidepsin, lo que puede contribuir a identificar cuál es la diana de acción de dicho citotóxic

Elisidepsin es un compuesto antitumoral de origen marino que causa muerte celular por necrosis relacionada con el contenido lipídico de las líneas celulares tumorales

Elisidepsin es un compuesto sintético producido por PharmaMar S.A, derivado de un compuesto natural de origen marino. Tiene propiedades antitumorales gracias a que posee una gran actividad citotóxica. Produce una muerte rápida en células tumorales, asociada a la perturbación de la permeabilidad de la membrana plasmática, lo que provoca un cambio osmótico que da lugar a una serie de alteraciones morfológicas y fisiológicas características de una muerte celular por necrosis. Su mecanismo de acción parece estar relacionado con la composición de la bicapa lipídica, ya que se observan cambios en el contenido lipídico de una línea celular resistente al compuesto. Además, se ha demostrado la unión específica del compuesto a un determinado grupo de lípidos perteneciente al contenido lipídico total de la línea celular sensible al tratamiento con Elisidepsin, lo que puede contribuir a identificar cuál es la diana de acción de dicho citotóxic

Capability of Copper Hydroxy Nitrate (Cu2(OH)3NO3) as an Additive to Develop Antibacterial Polymer Contact Surfaces: Potential for Food Packaging Applications

The globalization of the market, as well as the increasing world population, which require a higher demand for food products, pose a great challenge to ensure food safety and prevent food loss and waste. In this sense, active materials with antibacterial properties are an important alternative in the prolongation of shelf life and ensuring food safety. In this work, the ability of copper(II) hydroxy nitrate (CuHS) to obtain antibacterial films based on low density polyethylene (LDPE) and polylactic acid (PLA), was evaluated. The thermal properties of the composites, evaluated using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), showed that the concentrations of added CuHS do not particularly change these characteristics with respect to the neat polymer matrix films. The mechanical properties, determined using dynamic mechanical analysis (DMTA), indicate a small increase in the brittleness of the material in PLA-based composites. The antibacterial properties against Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella enterica were evaluated using a surface contact test, and a bacterial reduction of at least 8 to 9 logarithmic units for the composites with 0.3% CuHS, both in LDPE and PLA and against both bacteria, were achieved. The reusability of the composite films after their first use demonstrated a higher stability against Listeria monocytogenes. The migration and cytotoxicity of the composites loaded with 0.3% CuHS was evaluated, demonstrating the safety of these materials, which reinforces their potential use in food packaging applications.Ministerio de Ciencia e InnovaciónUniversidad de AlcaláEuropean Commissio

Detoxification of azo dyes by a novel pH-versatile, salt-resistant laccase from Streptomyces ipomoea

A newly identified extracellular laccase produced by Streptomyces ipomoea CECT 3341 (SilA) was cloned and overexpressed, and its physicochemical characteristics assessed together with its capability to decolorize and detoxify an azotype dye. Molecular analysis of the deduced sequence revealed that SilA contains a TAT-type signal peptide at the N-terminus and only two cupredoxine domains; this is consistent with reports describing two other Streptomyces laccases but contrasts with most laccases, which contain three cupredoxine domains. The heterologous expression and purification of SilA revealed that the homodimer is the only active form of the enzyme. Its stability at high pH and temperature, together with its resistance to high concentrations of NaCl and to typical laccase inhibitors such as sodium azide confirmed the unique properties of this novel laccase. The range of substrates that SilA is able to oxidize was found to be pH-dependent; at alkaline pH, SilA oxidized a wide range of phenolic compounds, including the syringyl and guayacil moieties derived from lignin. The oxidative potential of this enzyme to use phenolic compounds as natural redox mediators was shown through the coordinated action of SilA and acetosyringone (as mediator), which resulted in the complete detoxification of the azo-type dye Orange II.This work was financially supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science (CICYT Project CTQ2004-0344/PPQ to MEA and BFU 2006-00972/BMC to JMD). We thank the Autonomous Government of Madrid and the University of Alcalá for the fellowship awarded to R.M

Induction of Extracellular Hydroxyl Radicals Production in the White-Rot Fungus Pleurotus eryngii for Dyes Degradation: An Advanced Bio-oxidation Process

Among pollution remediation technologies, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are genuinely efficient since they are based on the production of strong, non-selective oxidants, mainly hydroxyl radicals (·OH), by a set of physicochemical methods. The biological counterparts of AOPs, which may be referred to as advanced bio-oxidation processes (ABOPs), have begun to be investigated since the mechanisms of induction of ·OH production in fungi are known. To contribute to the development of ABOPs, advanced oxidation of a wide number of dyes by the white-rot fungus Pleurotus eryngii, via a quinone redox cycling (QRC) process based on Fenton?s reagent formation, has been described for the first time. The fungus was incubated with 2,6-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone (DBQ) and Fe3+-oxalate, with and without Mn2+, leading to different ·OH production rates, around twice higher with Mn2+. Thanks to this process, the degradative capacity of the fungus increased, not only oxidising dyes it was not otherwise able to, but also increasing the decolorization rate of 20 dyes by more than 7 times in Mn2+ incubations. In terms of process efficacy, it is noteworthy that with Mn2+ the degradation of the dyes reached values of 90?100% in 2?4 h, which are like those described in some AOPs based on the Fenton reaction.Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovació

Metodología para el trabajo con géneros discursivos académicos

Este libro está destinado en primer lugar, a profesores, para que puedan aplicar las guías expuestas o elaborar otras similares con el mismo propósito; también a investigadores, en virtud de la «doble naturaleza» del discurso académico, por cuanto concierne a textos que responden a una situación comunicativa específica cuyos rasgos son, precisamente, el reflejo de los recursos expresivos que se pretenden enseñar mediante la práctica universitaria (Jiménez Calderón, 2015); y por último, a los estudiantes universitarios, que encontrarán en las guías expuestas una orientación muy específica para la elaboración de los géneros discursivos académicos a los que se refieren. INDICE: • Introducción: metodología para el trabajo con géneros discursivos académicos • Guía para la elaboración de abstracts • Guía para desenmarañar el comentario de textos lingüísticos • Pautas para el uso del aprendizaje colaborativo en una asignatura de lingüística • El comentario filológico de textos históricos • Elaboración de trabajos monográficos de primer curso • Guía para la elaboración de reseñas • Guía ortotipográfica para la presentación de trabajos de géneros académicos redactados en lengua francesa • Guía para la elaboración de trabajos académicos en el ámbito de la filología clásica • Guía para la elaboración de comentarios de textos poéticos en el área de literatura española • Guía para la elaboración de comentarios de textos narrativos en el área de literatura española • Guía para la elaboración de comentarios de textos literarios (dramática) • Guía para la elaboración de comentarios de textos literarios (ensayística) • El delicado asunto de las exposiciones orales… consejos de un neófito en la materia a un aprendiz de orador • Guía para la elaboración de comentarios de obras de historia del arte • Guía para la elaboración de trabajos monográficos en el área de historia del arte (nivel de grado) • Guía para la elaboración de trabajos prácticos en la fase inicial del grado en geografía y ordenación del territorio: «técnicas geográficas para el análisis territorial»This book is primarily intended for teachers, so that they can apply the guidelines or develop similar ones for the same purpose; Also to researchers, by virtue of the "double nature" of academic discourse, insofar as it concerns texts that respond to a specific communicative situation whose features are precisely the reflection of the expressive resources that are intended to be taught through university practice (Jiménez Calderón, 2015); And finally, to the university students, who will find in the guides exposed a very specific orientation for the elaboration of the academic discursive genres to which they refer

SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Multiple Sclerosis

To understand COVID-19 characteristics in people with multiple sclerosis (MS) and identify high-risk individuals due to their immunocompromised state resulting from the use of disease-modifying treatments. Retrospective and multicenter registry in patients with MS with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis and available disease course (mild = ambulatory; severe = hospitalization; and critical = intensive care unit/death). Cases were analyzed for associations between MS characteristics and COVID-19 course and for identifying risk factors for a fatal outcome. Of the 326 patients analyzed, 120 were cases confirmed by real-time PCR, 34 by a serologic test, and 205 were suspected. Sixty-nine patients (21.3%) developed severe infection, 10 (3%) critical, and 7 (2.1%) died. Ambulatory patients were higher in relapsing MS forms, treated with injectables and oral first-line agents, whereas more severe cases were observed in patients on pulsed immunosuppressors and critical cases among patients with no therapy. Severe and critical infections were more likely to affect older males with comorbidities, with progressive MS forms, a longer disease course, and higher disability. Fifteen of 33 patients treated with rituximab were hospitalized. Four deceased patients have progressive MS, 5 were not receiving MS therapy, and 2 were treated (natalizumab and rituximab). Multivariate analysis showed age (OR 1.09, 95% CI, 1.04-1.17) as the only independent risk factor for a fatal outcome. This study has not demonstrated the presumed critical role of MS therapy in the course of COVID-19 but evidenced that people with MS with advanced age and disease, in progressive course, and those who are more disabled have a higher probability of severe and even fatal diseas

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Detoxification of azo dyes by a novel pH-versatile, salt-resistant laccase from Streptomyces ipomoea

A new extracellular laccase produced by Streptomyces ipomoea CECT 3341 (SilA) was cloned, overexpressed and its physico-chemical characteristics assessed together with its capability to decolourise and detoxify an azo-type dye. Molecular analysis from the deduced sequence revealed that SilA represents a TAT type signal peptide at the N-terminus and only two cupredoxine domains; this is consistent with reports from two other Streptomyces laccases but contrasts with most laccases in which three cupredoxine domains have been described. Heterologous expression and purification of SilA revealed that the homo-dimeric nature of this enzyme as the only active form of the enzyme. Among the physico-chemical characteristics identified, its stability at high pH and temperature, together with its resistance to elevated concentrations of NaCl and to typical laccase inhibitors such as sodium azide confirmed the unique properties of this novel enzyme. The range of substrates that can be oxidized by SilA was found to be pH-dependent; at alkaline pH, SilA was able to oxidize a wide range of phenolic compounds including compounds derived from the lignin structure, including both syringyl and guayacil moieties. The oxidative potential of this enzyme to use phenolic compounds as natural redox mediators was shown through the coordinated action of SilA and acetosyringone (as mediator) which resulted in the complete detoxification of the azo-type dye Orange II

Boosting enzymatic hydrolysis of steam-pretreated softwood by laccase and endo-β-mannanase enzymes from Streptomyces ipomoeae CECT 3341

23 Pág.Ligninases and hemicellulases are crucial as accessory enzymes to increase the enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulose, boosting sugars production from which biofuels and bioproducts could be obtained. In order to find new sources of these accessory enzymes, this study evaluates the potential of laccase and mannanase enzymes from Streptomyces ipomoeae for improving the conventional hydrolysis with commercial cellulases of steam-pretreated softwood. For that, different laccase treatment and mannanase supplementation strategies were performed. S. ipomoeae laccase increased both glucose and xylose production (17.8% and 9.3%, respectively), which was attributed to a removal of phenols of 29%. Moreover, the combination of laccase and alkaline extraction produced a lignin reduction of 16.2%, improving the glucose and xylose production by almost 41.3% and 44.9%, respectively. On the other hand, the supplementation of S. ipomoeae mannanase to the hydrolysis 24 h before the addition of cellulases increased the glucose (18.4%), xylose (12.3%), and mannose (47.2%) production.This research was funded by Comunidad de Madrid via Project SUSTEC‐CM S2018/EMT‐ 4348; Spanish MCINN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by “ERDF A way of making Europe” via Project RTI2018‐096080‐B‐C22; and Spanish MCINN via Projects TED2021‐132122B‐C21 (LIGNUCELL) and PID2022-141965OB-C21 (SUS-BIO-FILM). María E. Eugenio and David Ibarra are grateful for the support of the Interdisciplinary Platform for Sustainable Plastics toward a Circular Economy (SusPlast-CSIC), Madrid, Spain and Interdisciplinary Platform for Sustainability and Circular Economy (SosEcoCir-CSIC), Madrid, Spain; and Interdisciplinary Platform Horizonte Verde (CSIC), Madrid, Spain.Peer reviewe