159 research outputs found
Gene Regulation in Ruminants: A Nutritional Perspective
This chapter will focus on cellular regulatory programs implemented by the ruminant physiology in order to respond to external stimuli such as nutrition as well as important physiological events such as parturition. The increasing adoption of “omics” technologies and bioinformatics in nutrition and physiology in ruminant research have allowed us to delineate a clearer picture on what regulates major biological process at a molecular level such as milk synthesis and meat quality and fatty acid composition as well as pathological conditions such as ketosis, mastitis, and heat stress. The assembly of such plethora of information in a blend among nutritional research, molecular biology, and novel tools to study the response of the genome to nutrition has led to emerging disciplines such as nutritional genomics or “nutrigenomics.
Effects of milk, pasteurized milk, and milk replacer on health and productivity of dairy calves
Our objectives were to determine the health and blood parameters before, during, and after weaning of 114 Holstein heifers fed either accelerated milk replacer (MR; 28% CP, 18% fat) or non-saleable milk (3.59 ± 0.28% true protein; 4.12 ± 0.37% fat) that was either pasteurized (PM) or raw (RM; refrigerated and fed \u3c24 h after collection). Calves were randomly assigned to feeding treatments at birth. Colostrum (1 L) was fed less than 14 hours after birth (MR and PM = pasteurized colostrum; RM = raw colostrum). All calves were bottle-fed 1.8 ± 0.20 L, 3 times daily; all calves were provided fresh water and grain ad libitum throughout the experiment. Calves began step-down weaning at age 5 weeks and completed weaning at age 6 weeks. Blood samples were collected at ages 3, 5, and 7 weeks and were analyzed for complete blood counts (CBC) using a Procyte Idexx Analyzer (IDEXX Laboratories, Inc., Westbrook, ME). Fecal scores were observed twice daily, on a 1 to 3 scale (FS1 = normal, FS2 = loose, FS3 = scours). Results showed that MR-fed calves had more (P \u3c 0.01) observations (%obs) with FS \u3e 2 than the PM- and RM-fed calves (2.3 vs. 1.6 and 1.7 ± 0.2 %obs, respectively). In addition, there were no differences in body weight or shoulder or hip height between treatments, but a treatment x week interaction (P = 0.05) occurred for grain consumed, with a noticeably higher increase between 6 and 7 weeks of age for MR calves. When CBC was considered, there were no differences in blood cell types, but MR-fed calves had greater mean corpuscular volume (MCV) than the other calves (P \u3c 0.01), leading to higher resistance for iron deficiency anemia. In conclusion, these findings suggest that calf performance and feed intake are not affected by the administration of raw milk, pasteurized milk, or milk replacer. Moreover, CBC health parameters showed no significant changes due to administration of the different types of milk sources.; Dairy Day, 2014, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 2014; Dairy Research, 2014 is known as Dairy Day, 201
Effects of milk, pasteurized milk, and milk replacer on health and productivity of dairy calves
Dairy Research, 2014 is known as Dairy Day, 2014Our objectives were to determine the health and blood parameters before, during, and
after weaning of 114 Holstein heifers fed either accelerated milk replacer (MR; 28%
CP, 18% fat) or non-saleable milk (3.59 ± 0.28% true protein; 4.12 ± 0.37% fat) that
was either pasteurized (PM) or raw (RM; refrigerated and fed <24 h after collection).
Calves were randomly assigned to feeding treatments at birth. Colostrum (1 L) was fed
less than 14 hours after birth (MR and PM = pasteurized colostrum; RM = raw colostrum).
All calves were bottle-fed 1.8 ± 0.20 L, 3 times daily; all calves were provided
fresh water and grain ad libitum throughout the experiment. Calves began step-down
weaning at age 5 weeks and completed weaning at age 6 weeks. Blood samples were collected
at ages 3, 5, and 7 weeks and were analyzed for complete blood counts (CBC) using
a Procyte Idexx Analyzer (IDEXX Laboratories, Inc., Westbrook, ME). Fecal scores
were observed twice daily, on a 1 to 3 scale (FS1 = normal, FS2 = loose, FS3 = scours).
Results showed that MR-fed calves had more (P < 0.01) observations (%obs) with
FS > 2 than the PM- and RM-fed calves (2.3 vs. 1.6 and 1.7 ± 0.2 %obs, respectively).
In addition, there were no differences in body weight or shoulder or hip height between
treatments, but a treatment × week interaction (P = 0.05) occurred for grain consumed,
with a noticeably higher increase between 6 and 7 weeks of age for MR calves.
When CBC was considered, there were no differences in blood cell types, but MR-fed
calves had greater mean corpuscular volume (MCV) than the other calves (P < 0.01),
leading to higher resistance for iron deficiency anemia. In conclusion, these findings
suggest that calf performance and feed intake are not affected by the administration of
raw milk, pasteurized milk, or milk replacer. Moreover, CBC health parameters showed
no significant changes due to administration of the different types of milk sources
Isospin-tracing: A probe of non-equilibrium in central heavy-ion collisions
Four different combinations of Ru and Zr nuclei, both
as projectile and target, were investigated at the same bombarding energy of
400 MeV using a detector. The degree of isospin mixing between
projectile and target nucleons is mapped across a large portion of the phase
space using two different isospin-tracer observables, the number of measured
protons and the yield ratio. The experimental results
show that the global equilibrium is not reached even in the most central
collisions. Quantitative measures of stopping and mixing are extracted from the
data. They are found to exhibit a quite strong sensitivity to the in-medium
(n,n) cross section used in microscopic transport calculations.Comment: 4 pages RevTeX, 3 figures (ps files), submitted to Phys. Rev. Let
Multistrip multigap symmetric RPC
Abstract The characteristics of a symmetric multigap resistive plate chamber with multistrip readout electrode, recently developed by us, continued to be investigated. Studies of the time resolution, efficiency, average charge and dark rate as a function of applied voltage and the influence of the angle of incidence of the detected particle on these observables have been performed. Different type of discriminators have been tested
First analysis of anisotropic flow with Lee--Yang zeroes
We report on the first analysis of directed and elliptic flow with the new
method of Lee--Yang zeroes. Experimental data are presented for Ru+Ru reactions
at 1.69 AGeV measured with the FOPI detector at SIS/GSI. The results obtained
with several methods, based on the event-plane reconstruction, on Lee--Yang
zeroes, and on multi-particle cumulants (up to 5th order) applied for the first
time at SIS energies, are compared. They show conclusive evidence that
azimuthal correlations between nucleons and composite particles at this energy
are largely dominated by anisotropic flow.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. C Rapid Co
Identification of baryon resonances in central heavy-ion collisions at energies between 1 and 2 AGeV
The mass distributions of baryon resonances populated in near-central
collisions of Au on Au and Ni on Ni are deduced by defolding the spectra
of charged pions by a method which does not depend on a specific resonance
shape. In addition the mass distributions of resonances are obtained from the
invariant masses of pairs. With both methods the deduced mass
distributions are shifted by an average value of -60 MeV/c relative to the
mass distribution of the free resonance, the distributions
descent almost exponentially towards mass values of 2000 MeV/c^2. The observed
differences between and pairs indicate a contribution
of isospin resonances. The attempt to consistently describe the
deduced mass distributions and the reconstructed kinetic energy spectra of the
resonances leads to new insights about the freeze out conditions, i.e. to
rather low temperatures and large expansion velocities.Comment: 30 pages, 13 figures, Latex using documentstyle[12pt,a4,epsfig], to
appear in Eur. Phys. J.
K^+ production in the reaction at incident energies from 1 to 2 AGeV
Semi-inclusive triple differential multiplicity distributions of positively
charged kaons have been measured over a wide range in rapidity and transverse
mass for central collisions of Ni with Ni nuclei. The transverse
mass () spectra have been studied as a function of rapidity at a beam
energy 1.93 AGeV. The distributions of K^+ mesons are well described by a
single Boltzmann-type function. The spectral slopes are similar to that of the
protons indicating that rescattering plays a significant role in the
propagation of the kaon. Multiplicity densities have been obtained as a
function of rapidity by extrapolating the Boltzmann-type fits to the measured
distributions over the remaining phase space. The total K^+ meson yield has
been determined at beam energies of 1.06, 1.45, and 1.93 AGeV, and is presented
in comparison to existing data. The low total yield indicates that the K^+
meson can not be explained within a hadro-chemical equilibrium scenario,
therefore indicating that the yield does remain sensitive to effects related to
its production processes such as the equation of state of nuclear matter and/or
modifications to the K^+ dispersion relation.Comment: 24 pages Latex (elsart) 7 PS figures to be submitted to Nucl. Phys
Direct comparison of phase-space distributions of K- and K+ mesons in heavy-ion collisions at SIS energies - evidence for in-medium modifications of kaons ?
The ratio of K- to K+ meson yields has been measured in the systems RuRu at
1.69 A GeV, Ru+Zr at 1.69 A GeV, and Ni+Ni at 1.93 A GeV incident beam kinetic
energy. The yield ratio is observed to vary across the measured phase space.
Relativistic transport-model calculations indicate that the data are best
understood if in-medium modifications of the kaons are taken into account.Comment: 14 pages including 3 figure
Mass and charge identification of fragments detected with the Chimera Silicon-CsI(Tl) telescopes
Mass and charge identification of charged products detected with
Silicon-CsI(Tl) telescopes of the Chimera apparatus is presented. An
identification function, based on the Bethe-Bloch formula, is used to fit
empirical correlation between Delta E and E ADC readings, in order to
determine, event by event, the atomic and mass numbers of the detected charged
reaction products prior to energy calibration.Comment: 24 pages, 7 .jpg figures, submitted to Nucl.Instr.
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