301 research outputs found
Dependence of lepton pair emission on EoS and initial state
We present results from a hydrodynamic calculation for thermal emission of
lepton pairs in central lead-lead collisions at the CERN SPS energy. Dependence
of the emission on the initial conditions and Equation of State (EoS) is
considered and the spectra are compared with CERES data and calculated
distribution of Drell--Yan pairs.Comment: 4 pages, includes 4 ps-figures, talk at Quark Matter'97, Tsukuba,
Japa
On local and global equilibrium in heavy ion collisions
The thermal model is commonly used in two different ways for the description
of hadron production in ultra-relativistic heavy ion collision. One is the
application of the thermal model to 4pi integrated data and the other is the
thermal description of central dN/dy ratios. While the first method implicitly
assumes global equilibrium the other scenario assumes Bjorken scaling within
the investigated rapidity range. Both assumptions are only approximations for
real physical collision systems. We study the impact of both approximations for
the extraction of thermal parameters on the exemplary case of S+S collisions at
SPS energies. The particle distributions are modeled by a hydrodynamical
description of the relevant collision system.Comment: 13 pages, 2 figures included, uses REVTE
The Role of Strangeness in Ultrarelativistic Nuclear Collisions
We review the progress in understanding the strange particle yields in
nuclear collisions and their role in signalling quark-gluon plasma formation.
We report on new insights into the formation mechanisms of strange particles
during ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions and discuss interesting new
details of the strangeness phase diagram. In the main part of the review we
show how the measured (multi-)strange particle abundances can be used as a
testing ground for chemical equilibration in nuclear collisions, and how the
results of such an analysis lead to important constraints on the collision
dynamics and space-time evolution of high energy heavy-ion reactions.Comment: 82 pages, uuencoded compressed postscript file. The full postscript
file can also be obtained via www at
http://www.physics.helsinki.fi/tft/tft_preprints.html or via anonymous ftp at
ftp://rock.helsinki.fi/pub/preprints/tft/Year1995/HU-TFT-95-27/paper.ps.Z or
directly from authors. To appear in Quark-Gluon Plasma 2, R.C Hwa (Eds
THE THING Hamburg:A Temporary Democratization of the Local Art Field
THE THING Hamburg was an experimental Internet platform whose vocation was to contribute to the democratization of the art field, to negotiate new forms of art in practice, and to be a site for political learning and engagement. We, the authors, were actively involved in the project on various levels. In this paper, we trace the (local) circumstances that led to the emergence of the project and take a look at its historical precursor, we reflect on the organizational form of this collectively-run and participatory platform, and we investigate the role locality can play in the development of political agency. As a non-profit Internet platform built with free software, the project also invites a reflection of the role technology can play for the creation of independent experimental spaces for social innovation and how they make a difference against the backdrop of corporate social media. Relating the project to both the conceptual innovations of the Russian avant-garde as well as media-utopian projections shows that THE THING Hamburg stands in the tradition of an art that expands its own field by invoking a self-issued social assignment. Challenging the norms and in stitutions of the art field does not remain an exercise in self-referentiality; it rather redefines the role of art as an agent for political learning and how the use of technology in society at large can be emancipatory. And just as small projects like the THE THING Hamburg draw on old utopias for their contemporary negotiations of art, they equally produce more questions than they provide answers
On chemical equilibrium in nuclear collisions
The data on average hadron multiplicities in central A+A collisions measured at CERN SPS are analysed with the ideal hadron gas model. It is shown that the full chemical equilibrium version of the model fails to describe the experimental results. The agreement of the data with the off-equilibrium version allowing for partial strangeness saturation is significantly better. The freeze-out temperature of about 180 MeV seems to be independent of the system size (from S+S to Pb+Pb) and in agreement with that extracted in e+e-, pp and p{\bar p} collisions. The strangeness suppression is discussed at both hadron and valence quark level. It is found that the hadronic strangeness saturation factor gamma_S increases from about 0.45 for pp interactions to about 0.7 for central A+A collisions with no significant change from S+S to Pb+Pb collisions. The quark strangeness suppression factor lambda_S is found to be about 0.2 for elementary collisions and about 0.4 for heavy ion collisions independently of collision energy and type of colliding syste
Hadronic matter compressibility from event-by-event analysis of heavy-ion collisions
We propose a method to measure the hadronic matter compressibility by means
of the event-by-event analysis of heavy-ion collisions at high energies. The
method, which utilizes the thermodynamical relation between the compressibility
and the particle number fluctuations, requires a simultaneous measurement of
the particle source size, temperature and particle multiplicity.Comment: 5 pages, no macro
Anisotropic flow from AGS to LHC energies
Within hydrodynamics we study the effects of the initial spatial anisotropy
in non-central heavy-ion collisions on the momentum distributions of the
emitted hadrons. We show that the elliptic flow measured at midrapidity in 158
A GeV/c Pb+Pb collisions can be quantitatively reproduced by hydrodynamic
expansion, indicating early thermalization in the collision. We predict the
excitation functions of the 2nd and 4th harmonic flow coefficients from AGS to
LHC energies and discuss their sensitivity to the quark-hadron phase
transition.Comment: 5 pages ReVTeX, incl. 4 figures, subm. to Phys. Lett. B. Improved
discussion of results and a few added reference
Mass number scaling in ultra-relativistic nuclear collisions from a hydrodynamical approach
We study the different nucleus-nucleus collisions, O+Au, S+S, S+Ag, S+Au and
Pb+Pb, at the CERN-SPS energy in a one-fluid hydrodynamical approach using a
parametrization based on baryon stopping in terms of the thickness of colliding
nuclei. Good agreement with measured particle spectra is achieved. We deduce
the mass number scaling behaviour of the initial energy density. We find that
the equilibration time is nearly independent of the size of the colliding
nuclei.Comment: 27 pages, figures included, submitted to European Physical Journa
Strange Messages: Chemical and Thermal Freeze-out in Nuclear Collisions
Thermal models are commonly used to interpret heavy-ion data on particle
yields and spectra and to extract the conditions of chemical and thermal
freeze-out in heavy-ion collisions. I discuss the usefulness and limitations of
such thermal model analyses and review the experimental and theoretical
evidence for thermalization in nuclear collisions. The crucial role of
correlating strangeness production data with single particle spectra and
two-particle correlation measurements is pointed out. A consistent dynamical
picture for the heavy-ion data from the CERN SPS involves an initial
prehadronic stage with deconfined color and with an appreciable isotropic
pressure component. This requires an early onset of thermalization.Comment: 15 pages, 2 figures, talk given at Strange Quark Matter '98, Padova,
Italy, 20-24 July 1998, to be published in J. Phys. G 25; final version with
updated reference
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