READERS BATTALION IN ABDUL RAHMAN BIN ALASHAATH ARMY

Abdul Rahman bin Alashaath revolution was considered one of the most important and most dangerous revolutions in the Umayyad period, even though it was not doctrinal. This revolution started from the eastern borders of the Islamic state against Iraq. Wali Al-Hajjaj bn Yusuf Thaqafi rose up and took over from Al Khalifa Abdul Malik bin Marwan. What distinguishes this revolution share readers of the people of Iraq in addition to a large number of loyalists who were indignant by the economic and social conditions? Readers played an important role in the revolution and they were able to achieve many victories. However, Al-Hajjaj managed to defeat them at the Battle of Deir Al-jamajem and abolish their revolution

READERS BATTALION IN ABDUL RAHMAN BIN ALASHAATH ARMY

Abdul Rahman bin Alashaath revolution was considered one of the most important and most dangerous revolutions in the Umayyad period, even though it was not doctrinal. This revolution started from the eastern borders of the Islamic state against Iraq. Wali Al-Hajjaj bn Yusuf Thaqafi rose up and took over from Al Khalifa Abdul Malik bin Marwan. What distinguishes this revolution share readers of the people of Iraq in addition to a large number of loyalists who were indignant by the economic and social conditions? Readers played an important role in the revolution and they were able to achieve many victories. However, Al-Hajjaj managed to defeat them at the Battle of Deir Al-jamajem and abolish their revolution

An Enhanced Threshold RSA-Based Aggregate Signature Scheme to Reduce Blockchain Size

The transformative potential of blockchain technology has resulted in its widespread adoption, bringing about numerous advantages such as enhanced data integrity, transparency, and decentralization. Blockchain has effectively proven its ability to establish trustworthy systems across a multitude of applications. As the number of transactions recorded into a blockchain grows, the blockchain's size expands significantly, posing challenges to the network, particularly in terms of storage capacity and processing power. To address this problem, we present a cryptosystem based on RSA to provide aggregate signatures in blockchains. The aggregate signature replaces all transaction signatures of a block. In this scheme, all participating blockchain nodes use the same modulus $N$ , each with its own private and public key pair generated from $N$. Regardless of the number of transactions, nodes, and signers, the aggregate signature size is always $O(k)$ , where $k$ is a security parameter. The miner that constructs a candidate block computes the aggregate signature $\sigma$ , replaces all transaction signatures by $\sigma$ , and transmits the block with only one aggregate signature. The proposed scheme incorporates a flexible and accountable subgroup aggregate signature mechanism, allowing any subset $t$ of $n$ total elements to sign data, where $t$ is the required number of signers. To verify that a set of elements signed the block, the verifier requires the aggregate signature, the aggregate public key, and the data hash. This approach requires minimal interaction between the signers, which results in reduced network traffic. Regardless of the network size, there are always $t + n$ exchanged messages. Experimental analysis shows the proposed aggregate signature scheme's effectiveness in increasing security robustness and reducing block size and overall network traffic

Novel Insights into the Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Activity of Pyrroloquinoline Quinone (PQQ); In Vitro, In Silico, and Shotgun Proteomic Studies

Microbial infections pose a significant global health threat, affecting millions of individuals and leading to substantial mortality rates. The increasing resistance of microorganisms to conventional treatments requires the development of novel antimicrobial agents. Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ), a natural medicinal drug involved in various cellular processes, holds promise as a potential antimicrobial agent. In the present study, our aim was, for the first time, to explore the antimicrobial activity of PQQ against 29 pathogenic microbes, including 13 fungal strains, 8 Gram-positive bacteria, and 8 Gram-negative bacteria. Our findings revealed potent antifungal properties of PQQ, particularly against Syncephalastrum racemosum, Talaromyces marneffei, Candida lipolytica, and Trichophyton rubrum. The MIC values varied between fungal strains, and T. marneffei exhibited a lower MIC, indicating a greater susceptibility to PQQ. In addition, PQQ exhibited notable antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and -negative bacteria, with a prominent inhibition observed against Staphylococcus epidermidis, Proteus vulgaris, and MRSA strains. Remarkably, PQQ demonstrated considerable biofilm inhibition against the MRSA, S. epidermidis, and P. vulgaris strains. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies revealed that PQQ caused structural damage and disrupted cell metabolism in bacterial cells, leading to aberrant morphology, compromised cell membrane integrity, and leakage of cytoplasmic contents. These findings were further affirmed by shotgun proteomic analysis, which revealed that PQQ targets several important cellular processes in bacteria, including membrane proteins, ATP metabolic processes, DNA repair processes, metal-binding proteins, and stress response. Finally, detailed molecular modeling investigations indicated that PQQ exhibits a substantial binding affinity score for key microbial targets, including the mannoprotein Mp1P, the transcriptional regulator TcaR, and the endonuclease PvuRTs1I. Taken together, our study underscores the effectiveness of PQQ as a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent capable of combating pathogenic fungi and bacteria, while also inhibiting biofilm formation and targeting several critical biological processes, making it a promising therapeutic option for biofilm-related infections.This research was funded by Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Egypt. The authors also extend their appreciation to Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University for funding this work through the Researchers Supporting Project number (PNURSP2024R736), Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. This study was also supported by Researchers Supporting Project number (RSP2024R111), King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, EgyptPrincess Nourah bint Abdulrahman UniversityPrincess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaKing Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaPeer Reviewe

Prevalence, Recognition, And Management Of Mental Disorders In Primary Care

According to latest figures, 50% of individuals will have a minimum of one mental health issue in their lifetime, with at least 25% experiencing a mental condition in the previous year. primary care doctors are overwhelmingly responsible for recognition, evaluation, therapy, and referral, with at least one-third of their consultations containing a direct and obvious mental aspect Primary care physicians are the foundation of the majority of medical care programs that involve recognizing, diagnosing, treating, and referring patients to specialists for every kind of diseases, whether physical, mental, or both. Over the last two decades, there has been a greater emphasis on this position, notably in the treatment of mental problems in primary care

A Systemic Review of Iron Deficiency Anemia in Adults and the Clinical Management of Diagnosis and Treatment

Iron deficiency is the most frequent cause of anaemia worldwide. It impairs quality of life, increases asthenia and can lead to clinical worsening of patients. In addition, iron deficiency has a complex mechanism whose pathologic pathway is recently becoming better understood. The discovery of hepcidin has allowed a better clarification of iron metabolism regulation. Furthermore, the ratio of concentration of soluble transferrin receptor to the log of the ferritin level, has been developed as a tool to detect iron deficiency in most situations. Therefore, the problem of this research lies in exploring the cause of iron deficiency that always be sought because the underlying condition can be serious. This review will summarize the current knowledge regarding diagnostic algorithms for iron deficiency anemia. The majority of aetiologies occur in the digestive tract, and justify morphological examination of the gut. First line investigations are upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and colonoscopy, and when negative, the small bowel should be explored; newer tools such as video capsule endoscopy have also been developed. The treatment of iron deficiency is aetiological if possible and iron supplementation whether in oral or in parenteral form

The Impact of Psychosocial Factors of Physical Health Outcomes: A Review of the Biopsychosocial Model in Family Medicine

Discontent with the biological model of illness—which is still the predominant healthcare model—led to the development of the biopsychosocial model, which was described in Engel's seminal Science paper forty years ago. It is the foundation of the International Classification of Functioning (WHO ICF) developed by the World Health Organization Clinical outcomes for functional disorders and chronic diseases treated in family medicine may be improved by the biopsychosocial approach. Since clinical performance metrics and standards are biomedically focused, family medicine doctors have no financial incentive to implement the biopsychosocial paradigm in their practices. Implementing the biopsychosocial approach in family medicine may be hampered by workload and incompetence

БАКТЕРИАЛЬНАЯ ИНФЕКЦИЯ ВЫЗВАННАЯ ВОЗБУДИТЕЛЯМИ E.COLI И PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA И ОБУСЛОВЛЕННАЯ ЕЮ ПАТОЛОГИЯ РАЗВИТИЯ МЯГКОТЕЛЫХ ЧЕРЕПАХ RAFETUS EUPHRATICUS (GRAY, 1864), ОБИТАЮЩИХ В БОЛОТАХ (МАРШАХ) НА ВОСТОКЕ ХАММАРА (ИРАК)

Abstract E.coli and P. aeruginosa bacterial infection on Soft shell turtle Rafetus euphraticus . Isolation and identification diagnosis which that on these species affected, biochemical test and clinical signs. Samples of the Soft shell turtle Rafetus euphraticus Gray, 1864 were collected from East Hammar marshes during summer season of the year 2016 .The infection isolated with a percent of 40%. Clinical Finding obvious that the incidence of E.coli and P. aeruginosa infection. Some of Soft shell turtle show clinical abnormalities with E.coli and P. aeruginosa . The most common clinical signs were external haemorrhage, Histopathological changes revealed degeneration and necrosis in all organs associated with Chronic inflammatory cell infiltration and melanomacrophage cells were detected in all turtle tissues. This study showed that P.aeruginosa infection is common in the Soft shell turtle Rafetus euphraticus . So, this study was designed to make a survey of bacterial infestation of Soft shell turtle Rafetus euphraticus Gray, 1864 East Hammar marshes during the summer of 2016.В данной работе описана бактериальная инфекция мягкотелых черепах Rafetus euphraticus, вызванная E.coli и P. аeruginosa. Мы определили и идентифицировали возбудитель инфекции, поражающий черепах данного вида, сделали биохимический анализ, выявили клинические признаки заражения. Экземпляры мягкотелых черепах Rafetus euphraticus Gray, 1864 были собраны летом 2016 года на болотах (маршах) в восточной части Хаммара. 40% общего количества собранных черепах было инфицировано. Клинические исследования наглядно показали наличие инфекции E.coli и P. aeruginosa. У некоторых экземплярах мягкотелых черепах были обнаружены клинические проявления аномалий, вызванных возбудителями E.coli и P. aeruginosa. Наиболее общим клиническим признаком явилось наружное кровотечение. Гистопатологические изменения проявлялись в виде дегенерации и некроза всех органов. Хронический воспалительный клеточный инфильтрат и мелано-макрофагальные клетки были обнаружены во всех тканях черепахи. Данное исследование показало, что инфекция, вызванная возбудителем P.aeruginosa, является обычной для мягкотелых черепах Rafetus euphraticus. В данной работе представлен обзор случаев бактериального заражения мягкотелых черепах Rafetus euphraticus Gray, 1864, собранных летом 2016 года на болотах (маршах) в восточной части Хаммара

Effects of a high-dose 24-h infusion of tranexamic acid on death and thromboembolic events in patients with acute gastrointestinal bleeding (HALT-IT): an international randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Background: Tranexamic acid reduces surgical bleeding and reduces death due to bleeding in patients with trauma. Meta-analyses of small trials show that tranexamic acid might decrease deaths from gastrointestinal bleeding. We aimed to assess the effects of tranexamic acid in patients with gastrointestinal bleeding. Methods: We did an international, multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled trial in 164 hospitals in 15 countries. Patients were enrolled if the responsible clinician was uncertain whether to use tranexamic acid, were aged above the minimum age considered an adult in their country (either aged 16 years and older or aged 18 years and older), and had significant (defined as at risk of bleeding to death) upper or lower gastrointestinal bleeding. Patients were randomly assigned by selection of a numbered treatment pack from a box containing eight packs that were identical apart from the pack number. Patients received either a loading dose of 1 g tranexamic acid, which was added to 100 mL infusion bag of 0·9% sodium chloride and infused by slow intravenous injection over 10 min, followed by a maintenance dose of 3 g tranexamic acid added to 1 L of any isotonic intravenous solution and infused at 125 mg/h for 24 h, or placebo (sodium chloride 0·9%). Patients, caregivers, and those assessing outcomes were masked to allocation. The primary outcome was death due to bleeding within 5 days of randomisation; analysis excluded patients who received neither dose of the allocated treatment and those for whom outcome data on death were unavailable. This trial was registered with Current Controlled Trials, ISRCTN11225767, and ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01658124. Findings: Between July 4, 2013, and June 21, 2019, we randomly allocated 12 009 patients to receive tranexamic acid (5994, 49·9%) or matching placebo (6015, 50·1%), of whom 11 952 (99·5%) received the first dose of the allocated treatment. Death due to bleeding within 5 days of randomisation occurred in 222 (4%) of 5956 patients in the tranexamic acid group and in 226 (4%) of 5981 patients in the placebo group (risk ratio [RR] 0·99, 95% CI 0·82–1·18). Arterial thromboembolic events (myocardial infarction or stroke) were similar in the tranexamic acid group and placebo group (42 [0·7%] of 5952 vs 46 [0·8%] of 5977; 0·92; 0·60 to 1·39). Venous thromboembolic events (deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism) were higher in tranexamic acid group than in the placebo group (48 [0·8%] of 5952 vs 26 [0·4%] of 5977; RR 1·85; 95% CI 1·15 to 2·98). Interpretation: We found that tranexamic acid did not reduce death from gastrointestinal bleeding. On the basis of our results, tranexamic acid should not be used for the treatment of gastrointestinal bleeding outside the context of a randomised trial

Burnout among surgeons before and during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: an international survey

Background: SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has had many significant impacts within the surgical realm, and surgeons have been obligated to reconsider almost every aspect of daily clinical practice. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study reported in compliance with the CHERRIES guidelines and conducted through an online platform from June 14th to July 15th, 2020. The primary outcome was the burden of burnout during the pandemic indicated by the validated Shirom-Melamed Burnout Measure. Results: Nine hundred fifty-four surgeons completed the survey. The median length of practice was 10 years; 78.2% included were male with a median age of 37 years old, 39.5% were consultants, 68.9% were general surgeons, and 55.7% were affiliated with an academic institution. Overall, there was a significant increase in the mean burnout score during the pandemic; longer years of practice and older age were significantly associated with less burnout. There were significant reductions in the median number of outpatient visits, operated cases, on-call hours, emergency visits, and research work, so, 48.2% of respondents felt that the training resources were insufficient. The majority (81.3%) of respondents reported that their hospitals were included in the management of COVID-19, 66.5% felt their roles had been minimized; 41% were asked to assist in non-surgical medical practices, and 37.6% of respondents were included in COVID-19 management. Conclusions: There was a significant burnout among trainees. Almost all aspects of clinical and research activities were affected with a significant reduction in the volume of research, outpatient clinic visits, surgical procedures, on-call hours, and emergency cases hindering the training. Trial registration: The study was registered on clicaltrials.gov "NCT04433286" on 16/06/2020