La educación para la muerte desde la perspectiva del maestro/a de educación infantil

Este Trabajo Fin de Grado estudia el impacto que tiene hablar o tratar la muerte en la sociedad actual, y, consecuentemente, qué es de ella en las aulas de Educación Infantil. Para ello, se ha elaborado un marco teórico en el que se abarca el concepto de muerte, la muerte y la infancia, el duelo en las distintas etapas del desarrollo y la Pedagogía de la Muerte. Este estudio gira en torno a la Pedagogía de la Muerte y cómo se trabaja en las aulas de Educación Infantil. Para ello, se han realizado entrevistas a maestros y maestras de Educación Infantil con las que se descubrirá la percepción de cada persona y si trabaja o no el concepto en su día a día. Tras analizar los datos obtenidos, se concluye que la muerte, el duelo y la finitud siguen siendo un tema a evitar e ignorar por quienes no se sienten con la suficiente confianza y formación para abordarlo.This Final Degree Project studies the impact of talking about or dealing with death in today's society and, consequently, in the Early Childhood Education classroom. To this end, a theoretical framework has been developed which covers the concept of death, death and childhood, mourning in the different stages of development and the Pedagogy of Death. This study revolves around the Pedagogy of Death and how it is worked in early childhood education classrooms. To this end, interviews were conducted with early childhood education teachers to discover each person's perception and whether or not they work with the concept in their daily lives. After analysing the data obtained, it is concluded that death, grief and finitude continue to be a subject to be avoided and ignored by those who do not feel confident and trained enough to deal with it.Universidad de Sevilla. Grado en Educación Infanti

Reversals of Reforestation Across Latin America Limit Climate Mitigation Potential of Tropical Forests

Carbon sequestration through tropical reforestation and natural regeneration could make an important contribution to climate change mitigation, given that forest cover in many tropical regions increased during the early part of the 21st century. The size of this carbon sink will depend on the degree to which second-growth forests are permanent and protected from re-clearing. Yet few studies have assessed permanence of reforestation, especially not at a large spatial scale. Here, we analyzed a 14-year time series (2001–2014) of remotely sensed land-cover data, covering all tropical Latin America and the Caribbean, to quantify the extent of second-growth forest permanence. Our results show that in many cases, reforestation in Latin America and the Caribbean during the early 21st century reversed by 2014, limiting carbon sequestration. In fact, reversals of reforestation, in which some or all gains in forest cover in the early 2000s were subsequently lost, were ten times more common than sustained increases in forest cover. Had reversals of reforestation been avoided, forests could have sequestered 0.58 Pg C, over four times more carbon than we estimate was sequestered after accounting for impermanence (0.14 Pg), representing a loss of 75% of carbon sequestration potential. Differences in the prevalence of reforestation reversals across countries suggest an important role for socio-economic, political, and ecological context, with political transitions and instability increasing the likelihood of reversals. These findings suggest that national commitments to reforestation may fall short of their carbon sequestration goals without provisions to ensure long-term permanence of new forests.Fil: Schwartz, Naomi B.. University of British Columbia; CanadáFil: Aide, T. Mitchell. Universidad de Puerto Rico; Puerto RicoFil: Graesser, Jordan. University of Queensland; AustraliaFil: Grau, Hector Ricardo. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto de Ecología Regional. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto de Ecología Regional; ArgentinaFil: Uriarte, María. Columbia University; Estados Unido

Magnetization of Relativistic Current-Carrying Jets with Radial Velocity Shear

Astrophysical jets, launched from the immediate vicinity of accreting black holes, carry away large amounts of power in a form of bulk kinetic energy of jet particles and electromagnetic flux. Here we consider a simple analytical model for relativistic jets at larger distances from their launching sites, assuming a cylindrical axisymmetric geometry with a radial velocity shear, and purely toroidal magnetic field. We argue that, as long as the jet plasma is in magnetohydrostatic equilibrium, such outflows tend to be particle dominated, i.e. the ratio of the electromagnetic to particle energy flux, integrated over the jet cross-sectional area, is typically below unity, $\sigma < 1$. At the same time, for particular magnetic and radial velocity profiles, magnetic pressure may still dominate over particle pressure for certain ranges of the jet radius, i.e. the local jet plasma parameter $\beta_{pl} < 1$, and this may be relevant in the context of particle acceleration and production of high-energy emission in such systems. The jet magnetization parameter can be elevated up to the modest values $\sigma \lesssim \mathcal{O}(10)$ only in the case of extreme gradients or discontinuities in the gaseous pressure, and a significantly suppressed velocity shear. Such configurations, which consist of a narrow, unmagnetized jet spine surrounded by an extended, force-free layer, may require an additional poloidal field component to stabilize them against current-driven oscillations, but even this will not elevate substantially their $\sigma$ parameter.Comment: The Astrophysical Journal, in pres

Gold nanoprism-nanorod face off: comparing the heating efficiency, cellular internalization and thermoablation capacity

[Aim]: This work compares the synthesis, heating capability, cellular internalization and thermoablation capacity of two different types of anisotropic gold nanoparticles: gold nanorods (NRs) and nanoprisms (NPrs). [Methods]: Both particles possess surface plasmon resonance absorption bands in the near-IR, and their heating efficiency upon irradiation with a continuous near-IR laser (1064 nm) was evaluated. The cellular internalization, location and toxicity of these PEG-stabilized NPrs and NRs were then assessed in the Vero cell line by transmission electron microscopy and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry analysis, and their ability to induce cell death upon laser irradiation was then evaluated and compared. [Results & conclusion]: Although both nanoparticles are highly efficient photothermal converters, NRs possessed a more efficient heating capability, yet the in vitro thermoablation studies clearly demonstrated that NPrs were more effective at inducing cell death through photothermal ablation due to their greater cellular internalization.This work was supported by Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Fondo Social de la DGA (grupos DGA), Ministerio de la Economía y Competitividad del Gobierno de España for the public funding of Proyectos I+D+I – Programa Estatal de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación Orientada a los Retos de la Sociedad (project no. SAF2014–54763-C2–2-R) and the ERC-Starting grant 239931-NANOPUZZLE. For financial support SG Mitchell acknowledges the Fundación General CSIC (Programa ComFuturo); A Artiga acknowledges the Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deportes for an FPU grant (FPU014/06249); G Alfranca acknowledges the Ministry of Education for a China Scholarship Council (CSC) grant; and M Moros acknowledges the European Commission for an MCSA Fellowship (grant agreement no. 660228). TPeer Reviewe

Synopsis of Acanthocerini (Hemiptera, Coreidae) from Argentina

Eight genera and 13 species of the tribe Acanthocerini are recorded in Argentina, i.e., Athaumastus haematicus (Stål), Athaumastus macer Brailovsky, Athaumastus subcarinatus (Stål), Athaumastus subterlineatus Bergroth, Beutelspacoris sanchezi Brailovsky, Beutelspacoris dilatata Casini, Camptischium clavipes (Fabricius), Crinocerus sanctus (Fabricius), Dersagrena flaviventris (Berg), Dersagrena lacerdae (Signoret), Dersagrena subfoveolata (Berg), Thlastocoris hernandezi Brailovsky and Zoreva dentipes Fabricius. Redescriptions are given for Athaumastus haematicus, Athaumastus subcarinatus and Dersagrena flaviventris with photographs of male and female genitalia of Dersagrena subfoveolata. Zoreva recorded from Argentina the first time. New locality records are given for Buenos Aires, Chaco, Formosa, Misiones, and Tucumán.Fil: Pall, José Luis María. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. División Entomología; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Pampa. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Coscarón, María del Carmen. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. División Entomología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

The Intrinsic Fundamental Group of a Linear Category

We provide an intrinsic definition of the fundamental group of a linear category over a ring as the automorphism group of the fibre functor on Galois coverings. If the universal covering exists, we prove that this group is isomorphic to the Galois group of the universal covering. The grading deduced from a Galois covering enables us to describe the canonical monomorphism from its automorphism group to the first Hochschild-Mitchell cohomology vector space.Comment: Final version, to appear in Algebras and Representation Theor

Mapping and characterizing social-ecological land systems of South America

Humans place strong pressure on land and have modified around 75% of Earth’s terrestrial surface. In this context, ecoregions and biomes, merely defined on the basis of their biophysical features, are incomplete characterizations of the territory. Land system science requires classification schemes that incorporate both social and biophysical dimensions. In this study, we generated spatially explicit social-ecological land system (SELS) typologies for South America with a hybrid methodology that combined data-driven spatial analysis with a knowledge-based evaluation by an interdisciplinary group of regional specialists. Our approach embraced a holistic consideration of the social-ecological land systems, gathering a dataset of 26 variables spanning across 7 dimensions: physical, biological, land cover, economic, demographic, political, and cultural. We identified 13 SELS nested in 5 larger social-ecological regions (SER). Each SELS was discussed and described by specific groups of specialists. Although 4 environmental and 1 socioeconomic variable explained most of the distribution of the coarse SER classification, a diversity of 15 other variables were shown to be essential for defining several SELS, highlighting specific features that differentiate them. The SELS spatial classification presented is a systematic and operative characterization of South American social-ecological land systems. We propose its use can contribute as a reference framework for a wide range of applications such as analyzing observations within larger contexts, designing system-specific solutions for sustainable development, and structuring hypothesis testing and comparisons across space. Similar efforts could be done elsewhere in the world

Natural Occurrence of Ochratoxin A in Musts, Wines and Grape Vine Fruits from Grapes Harvested in Argentina

In this study, ochratoxin A (OTA) occurrence in Argentinean musts, wines and dried vine fruits was evaluated, alongside with the performance of OchraStarTM columns for OTA extraction. In all the three matrices analyzed, the OchraStarTM columns showed good performance. The analysis of natural occurrence of OTA in the red must and the red wine samples showed low incidence with low levels of mean OTA contamination (0.12 ng/mL and 0.37 ng/mL, respectively), while 60% of the dried vine fruit samples were contaminated with OTA, in levels ranging from 0.26 to 20.28 ng/g

Genome Wide CRISPR/Cas9 Screen Identifies the Coagulation Factor IX (F9) as a Regulator of Senescence

[Abstract] During this last decade, the development of prosenescence therapies has become an attractive strategy as cellular senescence acts as a barrier against tumour progression. In this context, CDK4/6 inhibitors induce senescence and reduce tumour growth in breast cancer patients. However, even though cancer cells are arrested after CDK4/6 inhibitor treatment, genes regulating senescence in this context are still unknown limiting their antitumour activity. Here, using a functional genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 genetic screen we found several genes that participate in the proliferation arrest induced by CDK4/6 inhibitors. We find that downregulation of the coagulation factor IX (F9) using sgRNA and shRNA prevents the cell cycle arrest and senescent-like phenotype induced in MCF7 breast tumour cells upon Palbociclib treatment. These results were confirmed using another breast cancer cell line, T47D, and with an alternative CDK4/6 inhibitor, Abemaciclib, and further tested in a panel of 22 cancer cells. While F9 knockout prevents the induction of senescence, treatment with a recombinant F9 protein was sufficient to induce a cell cycle arrest and senescence-like state in MCF7 tumour cells. Besides, endogenous F9 is upregulated in different human primary cells cultures undergoing senescence. Importantly, bioinformatics analysis of cancer datasets suggest a role for F9 in human tumours. Altogether, these data collectively propose key genes involved in CDK4/6 inhibitor response that will be useful to design new therapeutic strategies in personalised medicine in order to increase their efficiency, stratify patients and avoid drug resistance.This paper was funded by the BBSRC (BB/P000223/1), the MRC (MR/K501372/1), The Royal Society (RG170399) and Barts Charity (MGU0497 and G-002158) grants to A.O. M.M. was funded by PI19/00145, IN607B2020/12 and 858014. J.F.L. is funded by Xunta de Galicia (ED481B 2017/117). M.B. was funded by MRC (MR/K501372/1). T.P.M. was funded by a QMUL PhD programme and T.D.N.’s lab is currently funded by a Barts Charity project grant (MGU0534). P.C.F. is currently funded by GAIN (IN606C 2021/006) Xunta de GaliciaReino Unido. Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council; BB/P000223/1Reino Unido. Medical Research Council; MR/K501372/1Reino Unido. Royal Society; RG170399Barts Charity (Londres); MGU0497Barts Charity (Londres); G-002158Xunta de Galicia; IN607B2020/12Xunta de Galicia; ED481B 2017/117Barts Charity (Londres); MGU0534Xunta de Galicia; IN606C 2021/00