DINÂMICA DA COBERTURA DO SOLO DA MICROBACIA DO RIO GAVIÃO, ESTADO DE RONDÔNIA, BRASIL

Soil cover analysis is essential to know the impacts of anthropic activities on water resources and choose conservation practices to reduce environmental damage. Thus, the objective of this study was to analyze the spatial and temporal dynamics of soil cover in the watershed and riparian zone of the Gavião River using image data from landsat 5 and Landsat 8 satellites. From 1984 to 2022, a decrease in the native forest area (15.74 to 2.86 km2) and an increase in the agricultural area (10.67 to 22.55 km2) and the urban area (0.00 to 0.57 km2) in the watershed were observed. In the riparian zone, we highlighted the reduction of the native forest area from 1984 to 1997 (0.73 to 0.24 km2), an increase from 1997 to 2010 (0.24 to 0.58 km2) and a reduction from 2010 to 2022 (0.58 to 0.45 km2), and the inverse dynamics for the agricultural area. In 2022, soil cover was composed of 85.38% and 52.55% of agriculture, 10.83% and 32.85% of native forest, 2.16% and 0.73% of urban area, 1.63% and 13.87% of water, in the watershed and riparian zone, respectively. The reduction of the native forest area decreases the quality and availability of water in the region, being recommended the recovery of the native forest in the riparian area occupied with agriculture and part of the watershed, and conservation practices in agricultural systems.El análisis de la cobertura del suelo es esencial para conocer los impactos de las actividades antrópicas en los recursos hídricos y elegir prácticas de conservación para reducir el daño ambiental. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la dinámica espacial y temporal de la cobertura del suelo en la cuenca y la zona ribereña del río Gavião utilizando datos de imágenes de los satélites landsat 5 y Landsat 8. De 1984 a 2022, se observó una disminución en el área de bosque nativo (15.74 a 2.86 km2) y un aumento en el área agrícola (10.67 a 22.55 km2) y el área urbana (0.00 a 0.57 km2) en la cuenca. En la zona ribereña, destacamos la reducción del área de bosque nativo de 1984 a 1997 (0,73 a 0,24 km2), un aumento de 1997 a 2010 (0,24 a 0,58 km2) y una reducción de 2010 a 2022 (0,58 a 0,45 km2), y la dinámica inversa para el área agrícola. En 2022, la cobertura del suelo estaba compuesta por 85,38% y 52,55% de agricultura, 10,83% y 32,85% de bosque nativo, 2,16% y 0,73% de área urbana, 1,63% y 13,87% de agua, en la cuenca y zona ribereña, respectivamente. La reducción del área de bosque nativo disminuye la calidad y disponibilidad de agua en la región, recomendándose la recuperación del bosque nativo en el área ribereña ocupada con la agricultura y parte de la cuenca, y las prácticas de conservación en los sistemas agrícolas.A análise de cobertura do solo é essencial para conhecer os impactos das atividades antrópicas sobre os recursos hídricos e escolher as práticas conservacionistas para reduzir os danos ambientais. Assim, objetivou-se com o presente estudo analisar a dinâmica espacial e temporal da cobertura do solo na microbacia e zona ripária do rio Gavião utilizando dados de imagens dos satélites Landsat 5 e Landsat 8. No período de 1984 a 2022, foi observado o decréscimo na área de floresta nativa (15,74 para 2,86 km2) e um aumento da área de agropecuária (10,67 para 22,55 km2) e da área urbana (0,00 para 0,57 km2) na microbacia. Na zona ripária, destacou-se a redução da área de floresta nativa de 1984 a 1997 (0,73 para 0,24 km2), aumento de 1997 a 2010 (0,24 para 0,58 km2) e redução de 2010 a 2022 (0,58 para 0,45 km2), e a dinâmica inversa para a área de agropecuária. No ano de 2022, a cobertura do solo era composta por 85,38% e 52,55% de agropecuária, 10,83% e 32,85% de floresta nativa, 2,16% e 0,73% de área urbana, 1,63% e 13,87% de água, na microbacia e zona ripária, respectivamente. A redução da área de floresta nativa diminui a qualidade e disponibilidade de água na região, sendo recomendado a recuperação da floresta nativa na zona ripária ocupada com agropecuária e em parte da microbacia, e práticas conservacionistas nos sistemas agropecuários.A análise de cobertura do solo é essencial para conhecer os impactos das atividades antrópicas sobre os recursos hídricos e escolher as práticas conservacionistas para reduzir os danos ambientais. Assim, objetivou-se com o presente estudo analisar a dinâmica espacial e temporal da cobertura do solo na microbacia e zona ripária do rio Gavião utilizando dados de imagens dos satélites Landsat 5 e Landsat 8. No período de 1984 a 2022, foi observado o decréscimo na área de floresta nativa (15,74 para 2,86 km2) e um aumento da área de agropecuária (10,67 para 22,55 km2) e da área urbana (0,00 para 0,57 km2) na microbacia. Na zona ripária, destacou-se a redução da área de floresta nativa de 1984 a 1997 (0,73 para 0,24 km2), aumento de 1997 a 2010 (0,24 para 0,58 km2) e redução de 2010 a 2022 (0,58 para 0,45 km2), e a dinâmica inversa para a área de agropecuária. No ano de 2022, a cobertura do solo era composta por 85,38% e 52,55% de agropecuária, 10,83% e 32,85% de floresta nativa, 2,16% e 0,73% de área urbana, 1,63% e 13,87% de água, na microbacia e zona ripária, respectivamente. A redução da área de floresta nativa diminui a qualidade e disponibilidade de água na região, sendo recomendado a recuperação da floresta nativa na zona ripária ocupada com agropecuária e em parte da microbacia, e práticas conservacionistas nos sistemas agropecuários

Gravidez na adolescência no Brasil: Determinantes sociais, culturais e econômicos

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), adolescence is a modern phenomenon that is characterized by chronological, physical, social and cultural criteria. Furthermore, she recommends adolescence as the period between 10 and 19 years old. In this sense, it is crucial to consider the factors that led these adolescents to experience early motherhood, as well as their expectations, and recognize them as subjects of rights and duties. Furthermore, it is essential to analyze the social, cultural and economic aspects in which these adolescents are inserted. The methodology adopted in this research was an integrative literature review. To investigate the issue raised and integrate, evaluate and synthesize the results of relevant studies, standardized analysis and replication techniques of similar studies were used. These studies reveal the diversity of perspectives and the complexity of the social, cultural and economic determinants involved in teenage pregnancy in Brazil, highlighting both convergences and possible divergences that must be considered for a holistic and effective approach to preventing and mitigating this phenomenon. Furthermore, studies show that the effectiveness of sexual education in schools is still insufficient to prevent early pregnancies, and that the cultural idealization of motherhood can encourage early pregnancy. The intersectionality of factors such as social class, gender and race reveals profound inequalities that perpetuate teenage pregnancy, especially in regions with great economic disparities.Segundo a Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS), a adolescência é um fenômeno moderno que se caracteriza por critérios cronológicos, físicos, sociais e culturais. Ademais, ela preconiza a adolescência como o período entre 10 e 19 anos. Nesse sentido, é crucial considerar os fatores que levaram essas adolescentes a vivenciar a maternidade precoce, bem como suas expectativas, e reconhecê-las como sujeitos de direitos e deveres. Além disso, é fundamental analisar os aspectos sociais, culturais e econômicos nos quais essas adolescentes estão inseridas. A metodologia adotada nesta pesquisa foi uma revisão integrativa da literatura. Para investigar a problemática levantada e integrar, avaliar e sintetizar os resultados de estudos pertinentes foram utilizadas técnicas padronizadas de análise e replicação de estudos semelhantes. Esses estudos revelam a diversidade de perspectivas e a complexidade dos determinantes sociais, culturais e econômicos envolvidos na gravidez na adolescência no Brasil, destacando tanto convergências quanto possíveis divergências que devem ser consideradas para uma abordagem holística e eficaz na prevenção e mitigação desse fenômeno. Além disso, os estudos mostram que a eficácia da educação sexual nas escolas ainda é insuficiente para prevenir gestações precoces, e que a idealização cultural da maternidade pode incentivar a gravidez precoce. A interseccionalidade de fatores como classe social, gênero e raça revela profundas desigualdades que perpetuam a gravidez na adolescência, especialmente em regiões com grandes disparidades econômicas.&nbsp

New Approaches to Clarify Antinociceptive and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of the Ethanol Extract from Vernonia condensata Leaves

The present study was aimed at evaluating the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of the ethanol extract from Vernonia condensata leaves in animal models, in order to afford a better understanding of these properties. The extract reduced the number of abdominal contortions at doses of 100 (51.00 ± 3.00), 200 (42.00 ± 2.98) and 400 mg/kg (39.00 ± 4.00). In formalin tests, a significant reduction in the licking time (p < 0.01) was observed in the first phase by 25.14 (200 mg/kg = 51.50 ± 4.44) and 31.15% (400 mg/kg = 48.00 ± 4.37). The doses of 100 (43.37 ± 5.15), 200 (34.62 ± 4.16) and 400 mg/kg (28.37 ± 3.98) inhibited (p < 0.001) the second phase. After 60 and 90 min of treatment, a dose of 400 mg/kg (10.13 ± 0.39 and 11.14 ± 1.33, respectively) increased the latency time. Doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg potentiated the sleeping time induced by diazepam, pentobarbital and meprobamate. The extracts (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) showed anti-inflammatory effects by a decrease in paw edema. The extracts also reduced the exudate volume at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg. The leukocyte migration had significant effect (p < 0.001) at doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg. The completion of additional experiments in the investigation of the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of V. condensata allowed a better understanding of the central and peripheral mechanisms involved

A evolução clínica do paciente portador de abscesso pulmonar: Clinical evolution of patients with lung abscess

Atualmente, com a era da antibioticoterapia e demais meios terapêuticos, o abscesso pulmonar decaiu em termos de morbimortalidade, mas ainda permanece como um desafio em termos diagnósticos e manejo clínico. O abscesso pulmonar corresponde a uma cavidade com pus no pulmão, envolvido por tecido inflamado e geralmente oriunda de uma infecção. O artigo objetivou descrever de modo narrativo a evolução clínica do portador de abscesso pulmonar, ressaltando os principais dados para a compreensão deste fenômeno. Um abscesso pulmonar é causado principalmente por bactérias existentes na boca ou garganta, a qual são aspiradas até os pulmões. A sintomatologia é inespecífica, abordando fadiga, inapetência, sudorese noturna, febre, perda ponderal e tosse com expectoração. O quadro clínico geralmente necessita do complemento de exames de imagem, principalmente a radiografia torácica para diagnóstic

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

O perfil semiológico do paciente portador de hemorragia digestiva alta

OBJETIVO: O seguinte estudo objetivou descrever a semiologia do paciente portador de hemorragia digestiva alta, considerando como determinante na avaliação de potencias focos hemorrágicos. METODOLOGIA: Foram realizadas buscas nas plataformas do SciELO, LILACS, PubMed, Scopus e Google Scholar,utilizando os descritores gastrointestinal bleeding, peptic ulcerous disease e varicose hemorrhage, sendo identificados 35 estudos, dos quais foram incluídos 13 artigos completos. Desses estudos, 5 avaliaram as principais etiologias, 2 o surgimento de novos testes diagnósticos, 2 analisaram os aspectos epidemiológicos e 1 a sintomatologia apresentada pelo acometimento da hemorragia digestiva alta. Observou-se inicialmente a abundâncias de informações conceituais sobre o sangramento, como um transtorno clínico comum, acompanhada de inúmeras manifestações, considerando que o foco hemorrágico pode ocorrer em qualquer porção do trato gastrointestinal. Neste estudo, todas as publicações eleitas apresentaram o quadro semiológico composto por algia abdominal, indícios de choque hipovolêmico e taquicardia, alguns exibiram quedas abruptas da pressão arterial, odinofagia, êmese, náuseas e estado ictérico. Os pacientes implicados, cronicamente, já manifestaram ocorrências prévias, devido ao caráter recidivante torna-se essencial investigar a existência de varizes, fístula aorto-entérica, angiodisplasia e doença ulcerosa. CONCLUSÃO: Elucida-se que a hemorragia digestiva alta representa a principal causa de sangramento do trato gastrointestinal, majoritamente manifesta-se como hematêmese ou melena e cursam com o quadro sintomatológico que auxilia na avaliação da gravidade deste e o embasamento de potenciais focos de sangramento e que contribuam para disseminação de informações e intervenções futuras

ATLANTIC EPIPHYTES: a data set of vascular and non-vascular epiphyte plants and lichens from the Atlantic Forest

Epiphytes are hyper-diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non-vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer-reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non-vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non-vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ

Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil: setting the baseline knowledge on the animal diversity in Brazil

The limited temporal completeness and taxonomic accuracy of species lists, made available in a traditional manner in scientific publications, has always represented a problem. These lists are invariably limited to a few taxonomic groups and do not represent up-to-date knowledge of all species and classifications. In this context, the Brazilian megadiverse fauna is no exception, and the Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil (CTFB) (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/), made public in 2015, represents a database on biodiversity anchored on a list of valid and expertly recognized scientific names of animals in Brazil. The CTFB is updated in near real time by a team of more than 800 specialists. By January 1, 2024, the CTFB compiled 133,691 nominal species, with 125,138 that were considered valid. Most of the valid species were arthropods (82.3%, with more than 102,000 species) and chordates (7.69%, with over 11,000 species). These taxa were followed by a cluster composed of Mollusca (3,567 species), Platyhelminthes (2,292 species), Annelida (1,833 species), and Nematoda (1,447 species). All remaining groups had less than 1,000 species reported in Brazil, with Cnidaria (831 species), Porifera (628 species), Rotifera (606 species), and Bryozoa (520 species) representing those with more than 500 species. Analysis of the CTFB database can facilitate and direct efforts towards the discovery of new species in Brazil, but it is also fundamental in providing the best available list of valid nominal species to users, including those in science, health, conservation efforts, and any initiative involving animals. The importance of the CTFB is evidenced by the elevated number of citations in the scientific literature in diverse areas of biology, law, anthropology, education, forensic science, and veterinary science, among others

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost